• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-184
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• 2003

This study was conducted to survey the farm which suffered from disease similar to classical swine fever(CSF) in Gyeongbuk province. Clinical signs appeared first in a few number of growing pigs which showed specific signs of diarrhea, depression, sleepiness, and reluctance to get up or to eat. Younger piglets may have appeared chilled, shiver and huddle together. As the disease progresses the affected pig's skin went red and purple. In histopathological signs, there were many haemorrhages throughout the body and larger haemorrhages in some organs such as lymph nodes. And there is a precipitous fall in the number of circulating leukocytes in the blood. In spite of insisting of farmer which did not vaccinate to classical swine fever, significant antibody production was detected in these affected pigs at enzyme-linked immuonsorbent assay. According to the above results at first glance, these affected pig suspected with CSF in clinical signs and histopathological lesions only. Because the symptoms and post-mortem picture were very similar to CSF, these false positive results would have been dangerous to diagnostician. But by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and comparative nucleotide sequence analysis, the disease was correctly diagnosed with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) compoundly. And the antigen which were detected the lesion similar to CSF virus, was confirmed with LOM vaccine strain of CSF. In most national CSF eradication program and in countries which are free of the CSF virus, vaccination against CSF is not practiced and generally is not allowed. But now in Korea, routine vaccination is practiced because of outbreaking the CSF repeatedly. When CSF is diagnosed the whole herd and other in contact animal are slaughtered continuously.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2001

The result of studying the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella strains which have been isolated from the domestic animals in Gyeongbuk province from February 1998 to August 2000 were summarized as follows. The isolation rates of Salmonella strains were 2.0% from cattle feces, 6.3% from cattle lymph node, 9.5% from pig feces, and 25.1% from pig lymph node. In poultry, the isolation rates were 30.3%. The isolates of Salmonella showed positive reaction for MUCAP test, methyl red test, but showed negative reaction for urea test, indole test, Voges Proskauer test. On TSI agar, the isolates showed acid butt, alkaline slant. Also, the isolates were identified as Salmonella strain by API 20E kit. Non H$_2$S Production Salmonella strains isolated from poultry were identified as S gallinarum. As a result of serotyping, B group were the most common in cattle and pig, Dl in chickens. 21 serovars were found. the common serovar from the domestic animals was S typhimurium, S derby, S agona, S schwarzenground, S enteritidis and S gallinarum. The most commonly encountered serovars in cattle were S agona and S typhirimurium in pig, S gallinarum in chicken. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test, all Salmonella isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin; cefotaxime and polumcin B. The resistance rates to tetracycline and streptomycin was 58% and 56%, respectively. 69.3% of all isolates were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent. Out of the resistant isolates, the isolates resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline was 36%. There were 24 strains of multiresistant isolates resistant to more than 5 antimicrobial agents. S typhimurium were resistant to all antimicrobial agents, also had a lot of multiresistant strains. Therefore, S typhimurium was considered as a major agent of antimicrobial resistance.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.562-570
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• 2003

The awareness of ritual foods in general rituals were surveyed and compared in the Gyeonggi and Gyungsangbuk-do areas in order to identify the characteristics of Korean rituals and establish desirable ritual foods. As materials for "Jeon" (fried pan cakes) in rituals, fish fillets, meat and vegetables were largely used in the Gyeonggi region. In the Gyeongbuk region, all three of these ingredients were the most highly used for "Jeon" also. In the case of rice cakes, "Songpyun" steamed on a layer of pine needles, "Jeolpyun" and "Sirudduk", with a red beans, were mostly used in Gyeonggi-do, while "Songpyun", "Jeolpyun" and "Ingelmi" were largely used in Gyeongsangbuk-do. As seasoned vegetables and herbs, fernbrakes, root of bell flowers, green bean sprouts and bean sprouts were largely used in Gyeonggi-do region, whereas, fernbrakes, bean sprouts, root of bell flowers and spinaches were mainly used in Gyeongbuk region. The use of fernbrakes was highest in both regions. With regard to the number of side dishes, 2∼3 kinds of seasoned herbs and 3∼4 kinds of fruits were mostly used, but with slightly higher numbers in the Gyeongsangbuk-do than the Gyeonggi-do region. With regard to liquor used for rituals, clear strained rice wine was used most in the Gyeonggi-do area, while more unrefined rice wine was used in the Gyeongbuk region. Meat was the most used ingredient in broth slices of dried meat and cod were highly used in the Gyeonggi region, but slices of dried squid were most widely used in the Gyeongbuk region. Most households in both regions tended not to use raw fish in the rituals, and as for the ingredients of Korean Kabobs, meat was the most widely used, then fish and finally vegetables were the most used ingredients. Beef soup was the most used, but more green vegetable soup was used in the Gyeongbuk than the Gyeonggi region. Sweet drink made from fermented rice (sikhe) was generally used in the rituals. It was the most widely used in the Chusok-Hangawi Ritual in the Gyeonggi region, while it was used in the New Year's Ritual in the Gyeongbuk region.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2012

Streptococcus(S.) suis is a pathogen, causing meningitis, septicemia and sudden death in weaning piglets as well as fattening pigs. Using multiplex PCR method based S. suis capsular genes, 61 S. suis isolates was classified as serotypes 2, 7, 9 and untypable. Genotyping of S. suis isolates was analysed by PFGE pattern with treated Sma I restricted enzyme. Of the 61 S. suis, 25 (40.9%) were serotype 2, 6 (9.8%) were serotype 7, 5 (8.2%) were serotype 9, and 25 (40.9%) were untypable, respectively. Twenty four PFGE patterns were detected in this study and also PFGE patterns were classified according to serotype; serotype 2 was classified as 6 genotypes, serotype 7 was 5 genotypes, serotype 9 was 3 genotypes, and untypable was 11 genotypes, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2017

59 strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) were isolated from pigs in Gyeongbuk province, collected from 2011 to 2016. The isolates were investigated for the presence of antimicrobial resistance and multi drug resistance patterns. All 59 S. Typhimurium isolates were resistant to at least one of 10 antibiotics used in this study, 100% of S. Typhimurium isolates from pigs were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. As many as 5 isolates of isolates from pigs were resistant to 8 of 10 antimicrobials tested in this study. The ACSTNaGmKNaCf, ACSTGmAuKT/S, ACSTGmKCfT/S resistance phenotype was observed in 3.4%, 3.4%, 1.7% of the 59 isolates, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.27-35
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• 2007

Seasonal occurrences of tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua were observed using sex pheromone traps at different locations and climatic regions in Yeongnam district. In Gyeongnam province, S. litura male adults kept occur from mid or late March to mid or late November Whereas in Gyeongbuk province, S. litura occurred from mid or late April to early or mid November with exception at Uljin where it was late May to late October. According to the climatic regions, the peak occurrence of S. litura was middle September at the southern coast region, late August at the inland and the basin region, middle August at the inland mountainous region, and early September at the eastern middle coast region. The occurrence rate of S. litura was the highest at Jinju with 20.0% and the lowest at Changyeong with 8.6% in Cyeongnam province, while it was the highest at Sungju with 3.3% and the lowest at Uljin with 0.8% in Gyeongbuk province. In accordance with the climatic regions, the occurrence rate of S. litura was the highest at the inland region with 43.7%, and followed by the southern coast region (36.3%), the basin region (8.4%) and the inland mountainous region (7.0%), and was the lowest at the eastern middle coast legion with 4.6%. On the other hand, S. exigua occurred from early March to middle November with the exception of the eastern middle coast region including Pohang, Yeongdeog and U]ien in Cyeongbuk province where it occurred from mfd April to middle November. The peak occurrence of s. exigua was early August at the inland region, the basin region and the inland mountainous region, and was late of August at the southern coast region and the eastern middle coast region. The occurrence of S. exigua was the highest at Changyeong with 1.6% and the lowest at Busan with 0.4% in Gyeongnam province, while it was the highest at Sungju with 37.2% and the lowest at Uljin with 2.7% in Gyeongbuk province. The climatic regional occurrence rate of S. exigua was the highest at the basin region with 54.3%, and followed by the inland mountainous region (29.9%), the eastern middle coast region (9.3%) and the inland (3.9%), and was the lowest at the southern coast region with 2.6%. As a whole, S. litura occurred more in Gyeongnam province than Cyeongbuk province, while S. exigua occurred more in Gyeongbuk province than Gyeongnam province. According to the regions grouped by climatic differences, the occurrence of S. litura and S. exigua was the highest at the inland region in Gyeongnam province and at the basin region in Gyeongbuk province. The total number of S. litura captured by sex pheromone trap was 2.4 times higher than that of S. exigua. However, the first occurring time and the peak occurrence of S. exigua were slightly earlier than those of S. litura.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

Purpose: To analyze the data of patients who suffered trauma in a cultivator accident and visited the trauma center in rural Gyeongbuk Province. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and Korean Trauma Data Bank data of 120 patients who suffered cultivator-related traumas and visited the rural regional trauma center in Gyeongbuk Province from January to December 2015. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 96 years (mean, 70 years). Ninety-one (75.8%) patients were men, and twenty-nine (24.2%) were women. Most of the patients were in their 70s (46 men [50.5%] and 13 women [44.8%]). In total, 113 patients (94.1%) arrived at the regional trauma center by ground transport and 7 (5.9%) arrived by air transport. Ninety-eight patients (81.7%) were transported to the regional trauma center directly from the scene of the accident, and twenty-two (18.3%) were transferred from another medical institute. The mean time from the accident to arrival at the emergency department was 139 minutes, and only 46 patients (38.3%) arrived within 1 hour. Twelve (10.0%) patients died, including two deaths on arrival and two post- cardiopulmonary resuscitation deaths in the emergency department. All deaths were of male cultivator operators. The causes of death were shock (hypovolemic, traumatic, or septic), subdural hematoma (open), hemothorax, rhabdomyolysis, and pneumonia. Conclusions: As the government - led regional trauma center project is on process, it would be clinically important to summarize the initial outcome of cultivator injuries, which are characteristically found more in regional trauma centers in the rural area, and have high mortality. Based on this study, in the future, it will be necessary to follow up and analyze more number of patients and to construct accurate database about trauma cases related to cultivator in Gyeongbuk region.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.439-449
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• 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates on growth characteristics, seed productivity and feed value of triticale in Gyeongbuk province. The experiment was conducted from September 2015 to July 2017, using triticale "Joseong" cultivar of 150 kg of seed/ha and sown at 10 days intervals from different sowing dates ($30^{th}$ September, $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ October) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The emergence date in the autumn season was 8 - 18 days after sowing in 2015 and 2016. The heading, flowering and maturing periods were the fastest on $30^{th}$ September compared to the other sowing dates. The average number of stem and panicle per unit area were 409.3 - 428.5 and 330.9 - 334.0 on $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October, which were higher than those sown on $20^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ October, 2015 and 2016, respectively (p < 0.05), and the average number of grain and kernel weight was 47.1 - 48.1 and 2.2 - 2.3 g on $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October, which were higher than the late sowing dates. In case of seed yield as affected by different sowing dates, the highest yield was found on the sowing plot of late September and $10^{th}$ October, which were 5,680 and 5,918 kg/ha, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the average CP content was 10.7%, CF content was 2.8% and TDN content was 85.3. In conclusion, $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October were the appropriate sowing dates for a forage self-sufficiency system in Gyeongbuk.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

This study was carried out to provide the geographic information based on the distribution of rice qualities and palatability in Gyeoungbuk province of Korea. The rice grain quality and environmental factors were analyzed using 513 sampling sites based on different five-agroclimtic regions of Gyeoungbuk province during three years from 2002 to 2004. In rice grain quality characteristics, the average palatability was low in South eastern coastal and Tabaek semi alpine regions as $67.6\~68.3$ and the coefficient of variation (CV) was relatively high as $6.2\~7.4\%$. The average head rice rates were low in South and Central eastern coastal regions as $87.3\~88.2\%$ and CV was high as $8.2\~8.3\%$. The average protein content was high in Central eastern coastal regions as $8.0\%$ and CV was high as $8.2\~8.3\%$. In case of palatability, the variation was differed clearly between high and low agroclimatic regions; it means that it is possible to divide the same agroclimatic region of high CV into two or three areas by CV of palatability. As the results of subdividing each existing agroclimatic regions based on the palatability, the variation of grain quality characteristics was become lower than that of existing five-agroclimatic regions. Therefore, the re-establishing of agroclimatic region based on rice grain quality was very important for precise cultivation for rice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.43-46
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• 2012