• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 1984

The anticancer activities of petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng root(crude GX) and its partially purified fraction from silicic acid column chromatography (7:3 GX) were studied with Sarcoma 180(S-180) or Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (Walker 256) in vivo and with L1210 leukemic lympocyte in vitro. Potential cytotoxic activities of the crude GX and against L1210 cells were compared with those of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and saponin derivatives (Panax-diol, Panax-triol, Diol saponin, Triol saponin) in vitro. In order to observe the physiological effects of the crude GX and 7:3 GX on the animals with cancer, hemoglobin(Hb), red blood cell(R.B.C) and white blood cell after treatment with each GX in comparison with corresponding control groups, respectively. The anticancer effects of the crude GX and 7:3 GX were estimated by measuring the survival time of S-180 bearing mice after treatment with them. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells was equivalent to 2.54$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 0.88$\mu\textrm{g}$of the crude GX and 7:3 GX per ml of culture medium, respectively. 2. The cytotoxic activities of Panax-diol, Panax=triol, Diol saponin and triol saponin against L1210 cells were not detected. 3. The anticancer activities of 5-FU against L1210, S-180 and Walker 256 were very effective in vivo and vitro tests. 4. The significantly increased W.B.C values of mice after inoculation with S-180 cells were reduced to normal range by the crude GX treatment. 5. The significantly decreased Hb values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude GX. 6. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7:3 GX treatment compared with their control group.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1987년도 Proceedings of Korea-Japan Panax Ginseng Symposium 1987 Seoul Korea
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1987

This study was devised to observe the cytotoxlc activities of petroleum-ether extract of Panax ginseng root(crude Gx) and its partially purified fraction from silicon acid column chromatography(7:3 CX) against sarcoma-180(5-180) and Walker carcinosarcoma 256(Walker 256) in vivo, and murine leukemic lymphocytes(L1210) and human rectal cancer cell(HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells(HT-29 and HCT-48) in vitro . Each cell-line was cultured in medium containing serial concentrations of the crude Gx or 7:3 Gx in vitro. A highly lipid soluble compound in the extract of Panax ginseng root was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells and human colon and rectal cancer cells in vitro In the meantime, ginseng saponin derivatives did not cytotoxic effects at its corresponding concentration. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing ginseng extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree roughly in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of 7:3 Gx was about 3 times more potent than that of crude Gx, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L121f cells being equivalent to 2.54$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 0.88 $\mu\textrm{g}$ for the crude Gx and 7:3 Gx, respectively. The Rf value of the active compound on silica -gel thin layer chromatography with petroleum-ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture (90:10:1, v/v/v) as a developing solvent was 0.23. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7:3 Gx treatment compared with their control group. The significantly decreased hemoglobin values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude Gx. The synthetic levels of protein, DNA and RNA in human colon and rectal cancer cells were significantly diminished by treatment with the crude Gx, which can explain a part of the origin of its anticancer activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 1993

Panax ginseng has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and Prophylactic agent. Recently, several reports regarding to anticancer effects of Panax ginseng has accumulated. These studies emphasized the fact that the anticancer activities might be due to a glycoside group called ginsenoside or pan.u saponin which has a water soluble characteristic. However, the authors and collaborates demonstrated that a highly lipid soluble component in extract of Panax ginseng roots contains a considerable cytotoxic activities against marine leukemic cells (L1210, P388) and human censer cells (HRT-18, HT-29, HCT48). This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activities of Petroleum-ether extract of Panax giuseng roots (crude GBD and its Partially Purified fraction from silicic acid column chromatography (7 : 3 GX) against sarcoma-180 (5-180) and Walker carcinosar- coma 256 (Walker 256) in vivo, and murine leukemic Lymphocytes (L1210) and human rectal cancer cells (HRT-18) and human colon cancer cells (HT-29 and HCT48) in vitro. Each cell-line was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of the crude GX or 7 : 3 GX in vitro. A highly lipid soluble compound in the extract of Panax ginseng root was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells and human colon and rectal cancer cells in vitro. In the meantime, ginseng saponin derivatives did not have cytotoxic effects at its corresponding concentration. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing ginseng extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree roughly in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of 7 : 3 GX was about 3 times more potent than that of crude GX, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells being equivalent to 2.54 Ug and 058 Ug for the crude GX and 7 : 3 GX, respectively. The Ri value of the active compound on silica- gel thin layer chromatography with petroleum-ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture (90 : 10 : 1, v/v/v) as a developing so lvent was 053. While, the Panaxydol and Panaxynol as active compounds were purified from Petroleum-ether extract of Panax ginseng root by Drs. Ahn and Kim, and author found out that the one unit of cytotoxic activity of the Panaxydol and Panaxynol against L1210 cells being equivalent to 056 Ug and 0.3918 respectively. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times by the 7 : 3 GX treatment compared with their control group. The significantly decreased hemoglobin values of rats after inoculation with Walker 256 were recovered to normal range by oral administration of the crude Gt The synthetic levels of protein, DNA and RNA in human colon and rectal cancer cells were significantly diminished by treatment with the crude GX, which can explain a part of the origin of its anticancer activity.

• Journal of Information Display
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2007

A blazed $GxL^{TM}$ device is described as having high optical efficiency (> 70% for RGB lasers), and high contrast ratio (> 10,000:1), and that is highly reliable when used in a large-area laser projection system. It has a robust design and precise stress control technology to maintain a uniform shape (bow and tilt) of more than 6,000 ribbons, a $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS compatible fabrication processing and planarization techniques to reduce fluctuation of the ribbons, and a reliable Al-Cu reflective film that provided protection against a high-power laser. No degradation in characteristics of the GxL device is observed after operating a 5,000- lumen projector for 2,000 hours and conducting 2,000 temperature cycling tests at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $+80^{\circ}C$. At the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan the world's largest laser projection screen with a size of 2005 inches (10 m ${\times}$ 50 m) and 6 million pixels (1,080 ${\times}$ 5,760) was demonstrated.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.556-559
• /
• 2006

We successfully developed a high performance and highly reliable blazed GxL device with a high optical efficiency and a high contrast ratio. The device demonstrated superior resistance against a high power laser, which is suitable for a large-area laser projector. We operated the world's largest laser projection screen using this device at the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan, problem free.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.110-114
• /
• 2020

Gastric xanthoma is frequently an incidental finding on upper endoscopy in adults. Gastric xanthomas (GX) can be mistaken for malignancies and warrant prompt histologic diagnosis. The underlying etiology is not fully understood; however, it has been linked to Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. GX in the pediatric population is largely unreported in the literature. Because of the relative rarity, documentation with case reports are essential to provide as much data as possible to see if there is a correlation between GX and malignant potential in the pediatric population. Our group is reporting two cases, a 10-year-old male and a 7-year-old male, both who presented with chronic dysphagia, upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Upper endoscopies for both patients revealed small polypoid lesions located in the antrum with foamy histiocytes on histology, leading to the diagnosis of gastric xanthoma.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 2002

Electrochemical characteristics of a graphite/lithium and a $LiCoO_2/lithium$ half cell and a $graphite/LiCoO_2$ full cell were analyzed using a GCSOC (gradual control test of the state of charge) technique. The IIE (initial intercalation coulombic efficiency), which represents lithium intercalation property of the electrode material, and the $lIC_s$ (initial irreversible capacity by the surface), which represents irreversible reaction between the electrode surface and the electrolyte were obtained from the GCSOC analysis. Linear-fittable capacity ranges of IIE of graphite and $LiCoO_2$ electrodes were 370 and 150 mAh/g, respectively, based on material weight. The value of lIE for graphite and $LiCoO_2$ electrodes were $93-94\%$ and $94-95\%$, respectively. The value of IICs for graphite and $LiCoO_2$ electrodes were 15-17 mAh/g and 0.3-1.7 mAh/g, respectively. The value of IIE for $graphite/LiCoO_2$ full cell, used GX25 and DJG311 as a graphite, was $89-90\%$ that lower than that for the half cells. Parameters of IIE and IICs can also be used to represent not only half cell but also full cell.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 1999

A novel chromosomal gene tagging technique using a specific fragment of the fatty acid desaturase-like open reading frame (des-like ORF) from the tox-argK gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola was developed to identify Xanthomonas spp.released into the environment as biocontrol agents. X. campestris pv. convolvuli FB-635, a pathogen of Convolvulus arvensis L., (bindweed), was chosen as the organism in which to develop and test the system. A 0.52 kb DES fragment amplified from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola C-199 was inserted into pGX15, a cosmid clone containing a 10.3 kb Eco RI-HindIII fragment derived from the xanthomonadin biosynthetic gene cluster contained in plasmid pIG102, to create a pigG::DES insertion. The 10.8 kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment carrying the pigG:: DES insertion was cloned into pLAFR3 to generate pLXP22. pLXP22 was then conjugated into X. campestris pv. convolvuli FB-635 and the pigG::DES insertion integrated into the bacterial chromosome by marker exchange. Rifampicin resistant, tetracycline sensitive, starch hydrolyzing, white colonies were used to differentiate the marked strain from yellow pigmented wild-type ones. PCR primers specific for the unique DES fragment were used for direct detection of the marked strain. Result showed the marked strain could be detected at very low levels even in the presence of high levels of other closely related or competitive bacteria. This PCR-based DES-tagging system provides a rapid and specific tool for directly monitoring the dispersal and persistence of Xanthomonas spp.released into the environment.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 1994

This experiment was carried out to clarify the pedigree identification from blood typing of 301 Hoisteins in National Animal Breeding Institute(N.A.B.I.). Twenty kinds of standard reagent standardized by Insternational Society for Animal Blood Group Research provied from KNC improvement center, N, L, C, F. were used as the reference reagents in this study. The highest frequency of antigenic facfors was obtained from X$_2$in blood typing of 301 Holsteins. The frequency of X$_2$ was 0.714.In A blood system, four kinds of phenogroups were observed. The gene frequencies of Al and Z' phenogroups were equally 0.027.This frequency was greatly lower than those of breeds of Southern European and Zebu cattle. In B blood Systern, nineteen kinds of blood type were appeared. The appearance frequency of Gx blood type was 0.259, whish was higher than the others. In C blood system, thirty kinds of blood type were observed. The appearance frequency of X$_2$ blood type was the highest(0.189). In F blood system, three kinds of alleles were detected. The gene frequency of F allele was higher than that of V(0.105). However, the frequency of F allele(0.327) was greatly lower than that of "- /- " allele. In S blood system, twelve kinds of blood type were appeared and showed sirnilar appearance frequencies except " - / - " allele. From the results of the pedigree identification from 8 sires and 28 progenies of them, the accuracy of pedigree identification was 92.9%.ification was 92.9%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 1992

Meterchis orientalis의 병아리 숙주내 감염력 및 성장발육상을 알아 보고 성충의 형태학 적 특징을 관찰하였다. 참붕어로부터 분리 수집한 피리유충을 부화된지 3일된 병아리 40마리에 각각 100개씩 경구감염시킨 후 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14일 및 21일에 충체를 누수하여 고정, 염색, 탈수 및 봉입 등의 과정을 거친 다음 관찰 및 계측하였다. 총체는 모두 병아리의 담낭에서 발견되었으며 평균 32U의 회수율을 나타내었다. 감염 후 9일까지는 비교적 완만히 성장하였으나 9일에서 11일 사이에는 급속히 성장하였고 11일에서 14일 사이에 다시 성장이 둔화하였으며 21일에 회수한 충체는 14일된 충체보다 크기가 작았다. 감염 후 1.5일파 5일에 요수한 충체에서는 비생식기관과 생식원기가 관찰되었고 5일된 충체에서는 비정형적인 난락와 엽상의 고구이 관찰되었으며 이후 차차 발육하여 감염 후 11일에 회수한 충체들은 완전히 성숙하였다. 성숙한 충체는 나뭇잎 모양이었으며 1∼3굽이의 저정낭, 타원형의 난소, 주머니 모양의 수정낭,517엽의 고환 및 소포형의 난황선 등을 보유하고 있었다. 충란은 평균 31.gx15.Sum 크기이었고 최대 폭이 가운데 지점에 있었으며 난개 반대편의 난각이 비후되어 있었다. 이상의 결과로 병아리가 M orienta비의 새로운 숙주로 추가되었고 이 흡충이 병아리 내에서 감염 후 21일까지 sigmoid형으로 성장하며 성충이 되기까지는 l1일 정도가 소요됨을 알 수 있었다.