• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to prepare Bauhinia variegata loaded nanoemulsion(formulation and determine the efficacy of herbal drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain through acupuncture technique. Methods: Nine different ba tches of nanoemulsion (NE1 NE9) of BVN was prepared by varying the S_mix ratio and the concentration of oil. BVN was characterized to determine particle size, shape, zeta potential, polydispersity index, optical transmittance, drug release profile and stora ge stability. The optimized formulation was subjected to plantar test, behavioral tests of neuropathic pain and Von Frey filament stimulation test. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to the experimental rats. Animals were made diabetic divided into four groups, Group I was untreated normal control group, Group II was diabetic control group, Group III was Bauhinia variegata extract ( treated group (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) and Group IV was BVN treated groups (100 mg/kg/day, p.o) acute and chronically. Results: The prepared B. variegata loaded nanoemulsion was nanosized (124 nm), spherical, uniform and stable over the period of 180 days with no change in physiochemical properties. The bl ood glucose and body weight of animals was normalizing after four weeks of treatment that was significant with BVN in comparison to diabetic control group. The chronic administration of BVN significantly (P<0.001) decreased hind paw withdrawal latency an d attenuated mechanical allodynia as compared with diabetic rats. Conclusion: Thus, BVN may be an effective drug formulation against diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

Objectives: This article describes our experience with neck dissection in 10 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between January 2007 and October 2009, 10 patients underwent primary surgery for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. For patients with $N_0$ disease on clinical exam, selective neck dissection (SND [I-III]) was performed. In patients with palpable cervical metastases (N+), modified radical neck dissections were performed, except in one patient in whom SND (I-III) was performed. The histopathologic reports were reviewed to assess the surgical margins, the presence of extra-capsular spread, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Results: On histopathologic examination, positive soft tissue margins were found in three patients, and regional lymph node metastases were present in five of the ten patients. Perineural invasion was noted in five patients, and extra nodal spread was found in four patients. Regional recurrence was seen in two patients and loco-regional recurrence plus distant metastasis to the tibia was observed in one patient. During the study period, three patients died. Seven patients remain free of disease to date. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation provides important and reliable information for disease staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. The philosophy of neck dissection is evolving rapidly with regard to the selectivity with which at-risk lymph node groups are removed. The sample size in the present study is small, thus, caution should be employed when interpreting these results.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2019

Background: Brennan's rodent paw incision model has been extensively used for understanding mechanisms underlying postoperative pain in humans. However, alterations of physiological parameters like blood pressure and heart rate, or even feeding and drinking patterns after the incision have not been documented as yet. Moreover, though eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to inflammation, tissue levels of these inflammatory mediators have never been studied. This work further investigates the antinociceptive effect of protein C after intra-wound administration. Methods: Separate groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were used for quantitation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and leukotriene B4 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as estimation of cardiovascular parameters and feeding and drinking behavior after paw incision. In the next part, rats were subjected to incision and $10{\mu}g$ of protein C was locally administered by a micropipette. Both evoked and non-evoked pain parameters were then estimated. Results: COX, particularly COX-2 activity and leukotriene B4 levels increased after incision. Hemodynamic parameters were normal. Feeding and drinking were affected on days 1 and 3, and on day 1, respectively. Protein C attenuated non-evoked pain behavior alone up to day 2. Conclusions: Based upon current observations, Brennan's rodent paw incision model appears to exhibit a prolonged period of nociception similar to that after surgery, with minimal interference of physiological parameters. Protein C, which is likely converted to activated protein C in the wound, attenuated the guarding score, which probably represents pain at rest after surgery in humans.

• 미술자료
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• 제99권
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• pp.10-29
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• 2021

본 논문은 지금의 베트남 남부 메콩강 삼각주 지역에서 출토된 목조불상에 대한 시론적인 연구이다. 지금까지 알려진 바에 의하면 메콩강 삼각주 지역에서는 약 서른여 점의 목조불상이 출토되었다. 이들은 옥 에오(Oc Eo) 등 동남아 최초의 국가였던 푸난(Funan)의 주요 유적지에서 발견되었고, 대개 6세기 무렵으로 추측되므로 푸난의 불상으로 간주할 수 있다. 이 불상들은 석조불상과 함께 동남아 초기 불상의 양상을 보여준다는 점에서 중요한 자료이다. 푸난 목조불상은 방사성탄소연대측정법과 양식적 특징을 종합하면 대부분 6세기 무렵에 만들어진 것으로 보인다. 현재까지 공개된 푸난 목조불상 가운데 형상을 비교적 확실히 알아볼 수 있는 8점에 대해 도상과 양식을 분석하였는데, 이들은 자세와 착의법, 수인에 따라 네 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 세장한 신체와 몸에 달라붙는 대의의 표현은 기본적으로 인도 굽타시대 사르나트 불상 양식을 공통적으로 따르고 있었으나, 유형에 따라서는 직립한 자세와 편단우견형의 착의법, 스리랑카 불상에서 주로 보이는 설법인(vitarka mudra)을 보이는 등, 남인도 불상 양식도 발견할 수 있었다. 이는 푸난의 불교조각가들이 인도의 주요 불상 양식을 적절히 섞어 새로운 불상 양식을 창안했음을 알려준다. 이와 함께 주목되는 것은 푸난 목조불상의 출토 현황이다. 같은 유적에서 발견된 비슷한 시기의 힌두신상은 나무로 만들어진 예를 찾아볼 수 없는 데 반해, 불상만은 유독 나무로 많이 만들어진 현상에 대하여 불상과 나무라는 재질 사이에는 단순한 제작상의 이유가 아닌 보다 밀접한 관계가 있을 수 있음을 상정해 보았다. 불교 문헌상 전해지는 최초의 불상은 바로 전단목이라는 나무로 만들어진 '우전왕상'이다. 우전왕상은 비슷한 시기인 6세기 무렵 중국 남조에도 알려져 있었는데, 흥미롭게도 남조에는 푸난에서 가져왔다는 '전단서상'이 있었다고 전한다. 이는 우전왕상에 대한 이야기가 푸난에도 공유되어 있었을 가능성을 시사하며, 나아가 푸난에서 나무로 불상을 다수 제작하게 된 주요 동인으로 작용했을 가능성이 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2014

Background: Epidural steroid injections are an accepted procedure for the conservative management of chronic backache caused by lumbar disc pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidurographic findings for the midline, transforaminal and parasagittal approaches in lumbar epidural steroid injections, and correlating them with the clinical improvement. Methods: Sixty chronic lower back pain patients with unilateral radiculitis from a herniated/degenerated disc were enrolled. After screening the patients according to the exclusion criteria and randomly allocating them to 3 groups of 20 patients, fluoroscopic contrast enhanced epidural steroids were injected via midline (group 1), transforaminal (group 2) and parasagittal interlaminar (group 3) approaches at the level of the pathology. The fluoroscopic patterns of the three groups were studied and correlated with the clinical improvement measured by the VAS over the next 3 months; any incidences of complications were recorded. Results: The transforaminal group presented better results in terms of VAS reduction than the midline and parasagittal approach groups (P < 0.05). The epidurography showed a better ventral spread for both the transforaminal (P < 0.001) and the paramedian approaches (P < 0.05), as compared to the midline approach. The nerve root filling was greater in the transforaminal group (P < 0.001) than in the other two groups. The ventral spread of the contrast agent was associated with improvement in the VAS score and this difference was statistically significant in group 1 (P < 0.05), and highly significant in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). In all the groups, any complications observed were transient and minor. Conclusions: The midline and paramedian approaches are technically easier and statistically comparable, but clinically less efficacious than the transforaminal approach. The incidence of ventral spread and nerve root delineation show a definite correlation with clinical improvement. However, an longer follow-up period is advisable for a better evaluation of the actual outcom.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1992

운동성을 띠는 5가지 부생균과 1종류의 식물병원세균으로 Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens 및 Xanthomonas malvacearum을 공시하여 이들 세균이 Cochliobolus sativus 분생포자, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri의 후막포자, Macrophomina phaseolina의 균핵 및 Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani 난포자의 분비물에 미치는 화학주성을 서로 다른 무생물적 조건하에서 실험하였다. 균의 분비물의 농도와 세균세포의 끌리는 유인사이에는 정상관$(r=0.76{\sim}0.89)$이 있었다. 유사한 결과로서 화학주성반응과 배양간격에서도 통계적인 정상관이 있다$(r=0.82{\sim}0.95)$. 세균의 화학주성반응은 온도와 pH에 크게 영향을 받는다. 최적 화학주성을 나타내는 온도로서 A. radiobacter는 $25^{\circ}C$, B. polymyxa, P. aerugionosa, p. fluorescens and X. madracearum은 $30^{\circ}C$이었고, B. subtilis는 $35^{\circ}C$가 최적이었다. 최대 화학주성을 나타내는 분비물의 주성은 pH7이고 pH3과 11에서는 buffer와 같았다. 시험용 모세관에 유인물질이나 buffer 중 어느 종류가 채워져도 유인물질이 있는 시험관에 연결되면 세균은 주성이 나타난다는 것이 증명되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4959-4964
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• 2015

Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) neu receptor in breast cancer and their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women who presented with primary, unilateral breast cancer in the Department of Medical Oncology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Data were retrieved from the medical records of the hospital including both early and locally advanced cancer cases. ER, PgR and HER2neu expression in these patients was assessed and triple negative patients were identified. Associations of triple negative and non-triple negative groups with clinicopathological characteristics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,284 women (mean age 52.1 years, 41.9% premenopausal) were included in the analysis. Hormone receptor positivity (ER and/or PgR) was seen in 63.4% patients, while 23.8% of tumors were triple negative. Only 23.0% were HER2 positive. Around 10.0% of tumors were both ER and HER2 positive. ER and PgR positivity was significantly associated with negative HER2 status (p-value <0.0001). Younger age, premenopausal status, higher tumor grade, lymph node negativity, advanced cancer stage, and type of tumor were strongly associated with triple negativity. Significantly, a smaller proportion of women had ductal carcinoma in situ in the triple negative group compared with the non-triple negative group (35.6% versus 60.8%, p-value<0.01). Conclusions: The present analysis is one of the largest studies from India. The majority of the Indian breast cancer patients seen in our hospital present with ER and PgR positive tumors. The triple negative patients tended to be younger, premenopausal, and were associated with higher tumor grades, negative lymph nodes status and lower frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ.