• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.488-499
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• 2006

Purpose: Behavioral symptoms in dementia (BSD) are one of the most disturbing behaviors to caregivers and a major reason for nursing home placement. Behavioral symptoms are often treated with psychotropic drugs (PD), however, the effect of such drugs for the frail elderly dementia patient is not certain because of their critical adverse effects. Theoretical model applicable to nursing practice for BSD in nursing homes, which is essential in guiding and evaluating such interventions, is absent. This article presents the process of developing a theoretical model of BSD in nursing homes. Method: Using Walker and Avants' theory synthesis method, three behavior models and two system models were incorporated into the proposed model to provide the theoretical and analytical explanation of the relationships between PD usage, its determinants, and BSD. Results: Resident variables and nursing home variables related to the two focal concepts (i.e., PD usage and BSD) were identified. Resident variables include demographical characteristics such as age and gender, and dementia-compromised functions such as cognitive and functional impairment. Nursing home variables include facility characteristics such as ownership type and size, and physical and psychosocial environment. Conclusion: The proposed model suggests that fulfillment of resident unmet needs through improvement of physical and psychosocial environment may produce better health outcomes of nursing home residents with BSD. Assessment and intervening environmental triggers of such behaviors are also suggested to be prior to the PD usage.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2001

We investigate the generation of the dark spatial soliton and its role of wave guiding in Fe doped$LiNbO_3$ A cw Ar+ laser of 488 nm is used for the generation of the dark spatial soliton. The generation of the dark spatial soliton is observed even at the laser intensity as low as 10 mW/cm2. The self-defocusing effect is observed when the direction of the intensity variation is parallel to the optic axis, while it can't be seen when perpendicular to the axis. So, it is verified that the refractive index change is generated parallel to the optic axis. When 633 nm He-Ne laser beam is injected into the dark spatial soliton, the beam propagates just as in the diffraction free medium. So, it is verified that the dark spatial soliton can act as a waveguide.eguide.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

Recent research in animal behavior has shown that gradient information plays an important role in finding food and home. It is also important in optimization of performance because it indicates how the inputs should be adjusted for maximization/minimization of a performance index. We introduce perturbation as an additional input to obtain gradient information. Unlike the typical approach of calculating the gradient from the derivative, the proposed processing is very robust to noise since it is performed as a summation. Experimental results prove the validity of the process of spatial gradient acquisition. Quantitative indices for measuring the effect of the amplitude and the frequency are developed based on linear regression analysis. Drones are very useful for environmental monitoring and an autonomous path planning is required for unstructured environment. Guiding the drone for finding the origin of the interested physical property is done by estimating the gradient of the sensed value and generating the drone trajectories in the direction which maximizes the sensed value. Simulation results show that the proposed method can be successfully applied to identify the source of the physical quantity of interest by utilizing it for path planning of an autonomous drone in 3D environment.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.1 s.91
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• pp.48-53
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• 2007

LCD-BLU(Liquid Crystal Display - Back Light Unit) consists of several optical sheets: LGP(Light Guiding Plate), light source and mold frame. The LGP of LCD-BLU is usually manufactured by etching process and forming numerous dots with $50{\mu}m$ in diameter on the surface. But the surface roughness of LGP with etched dots is very high, so there is much loss of light. In order to overcome the limit of current etched dot patterned LGP, optical pattern design with microlens of $50{\mu}m$ diameter was applied in the present study. The microlens pattern fabricated by modified LiGA with thermal reflow process was applied to the optical design of LGP and optical simulation was carried out to know tendency of microlens patterned LGP simultaneously. The attention was paid to the effects of different aspect ratio(i.e. $0.2\sim0.5$) of optical pattern conditions to the brightness distribution of BLU with microlens patterned LGP. Finally, high aspect ratio microlens patterned LGP showed superior results to the one made by low aspect ratio in average luminance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on employees' behaviors as well as to test the mediating roles of feeling trusted in the relationships. Research design, data, and methodology - Survey data were collected and analyzed from 285 sales people who work for various organizations in eastern China. The corresponding research models were verified using SPSS 22 and Amos 22. Results - The empirical results show that LMX plays a positive role in job performance and is positively related with subordinate's feelings of trust. However, the study was shown to have negative correlations between LMX and workplace ostracism. Feeling trusted by superiors mediated the relationship between LMX and job performance, resulting in employees being more motivated to do better, creating a positive synergetic effect. However, this relationship did not show to have significant mediating effects on the relationship between LMX and workplace ostracism. Conclusions - This study further enriches the relevant theory of LMX and has significance for management practices such as distribution sectors, guiding leaders to create a suitable team atmosphere. Leaders need to pay attention to build a high quality LMX with employees based on the empirical results of this study.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 1994

In order to establish an appropriate spray schedule to reduce the infection, 11 kinds of chemicals were tested for their properties on the inhibition of spore germination at the surface of apple fruits and the duration of the inhibitory effect after spray of each chemical was examined from late June to early September with basically 10 day intervals. Actual control efficacy of each chemical by the 8 successive spray and the patterns of waterborne spore dispersals during that periods were also examined. Combining those results with the meteorological observation data, actual control efficacy of each chemical in the given periods could be estimated. It was revealed that folpet, Brodeaux mixture, mancozeb, oxine copper and imminoctadine-triacetate could be used at any time during the possible infection periods. Captan and dithianon could also be used except the rainy season due to the short duration of inhibitory efficacy against spore germination under heavy rain. However, the usefulness of propineb, benomyl and chlorothalonil against the apple white rot could not be demonstrated in this experiment. Thiram, even though has not been used for apple white rot, can also be used before or after the rainy season to control not only white rot but also alternaria blotch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1396-1403
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• 2006

This study shows that the system performance of a positioning system composed of a piezoelectric actuator-driven flexure guide depends largely on the preload applied on the flexure guide and the driving input amplitude. We used a flexure guided system that had an original resonant frequency of 54Hz. Our experiment showed that we could increase the driving bandwidth above the original resonant frequency, for a case involving a large preload and a small input amplitude. Results show that there is a specific 'separation frequency' where the response of the moving mass of the flexure system decouples from the response oi the piezoelectric actuator, and this specific separation frequency can be selected by a proper choice of the preload and the input amplitude. To find the separation frequency, sine sweep tests were performed. To confirm the increased system bandwidth frequency, open-loop sine tracking experiments were performed. Test results show that the system responds very well up to 130 Hz frequency higher than the original natural frequency (54Hz).

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.4 s.109
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• pp.346-354
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• 2006

This study shows that the system performance of a positioning system composed of a piezoelectric actuator-driven flexure guide depends largely on the preload applied on the flexure guide and the driving input amplitude. We used a flexure guided system that had an original resonant frequency of 54 Hz. Our experiment showed that we could increase the driving bandwidth above the original resonant frequency, for a case involving a large preload and a small input amplitude. Results show that there is a specific 'separation frequency' where the response of the moving mass of the flexure system decouples from the response of the piezoelectric actuator, and this specific separation frequency can be selected by a proper choice of the preload and the input amplitude. To find the separation frequency, sine sweep tests were performed. To confirm the increased system bandwidth frequency, open-loop sine tracking experiments were performed. Test results show that the system responds very well up to 130 Hz frequency higher than the original natural frequency (54 Hz).

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-43
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• 2005

We have investigated an optical waveguide isolator with a multimode interference section by wafer direct bonding, operating at a wavelength $1.55\;{\mu}m$. In order to fabricate the device for monolithic integration, the wafer direct bonding between a magnetic garnet material as a cladding layer and a semiconductor guiding layer has been achieved. We found that wafer direct bonding between InP and GGG $(Gd_3Ga_5O_{12})$ is effective for the integration of a waveguide optical isolator. The isolation ratio was obtained to be 2.9 dB in the device.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1198-1206
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• 2003

In this paper, a MMIC waveguide mixer module based upon the novel suggested mode converter for wave-guide-to-microstrip transition was fabricated and measured. The insertion and return losses of the mode converter was optimized by compensating the discontinuity effect between ridge and microstrip with the modification of 50 $\Omega$ microstrip line pattern. Due to the low loss nature of the mode converter, a millimeter wave MMIC mixer chip can be successfully applied as a waveguide module for mmW waveguide communication system. The measured results of the module showed the successful MMIC chip application in waveguide and the negligible degradation of the supplied chip specification.