• Title/Summary/Keyword: Guarantee

Search Result 4,968, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

A Study on the Perception and Need of Early Childhood Education Field on Authentication of Teaching Materials and Implements for Young Children (유아용 교재․교구 인증에 관한 유아교육현장 인식 및 요구에 대한 연구)

  • Kang, Young-Sik;Park, Jung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.793-800
    • /
    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception and need of the early childhood education field on authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. To achieve this, a survey was carried out on 350 teachers and directors in Daejeon-based kindergartens and child-care centers from September 21 to September 30, 2013. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, 59.4% of them thought that it needed the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children. 32.9% of them had a high perception of the early childhood education field. 39.4% of them had high need of the early childhood education field. And 45.1% of them expected a high effect of introducing the evaluation authentication system of teaching materials and implements for young children. Second, most of them had the highest need of the evaluation authentication of teaching materials and implements for young children in terms of education, followed by function and field. And most of them placed the highest emphasis on social development, safety and language in terms of education, function and field, respectively. Consequently, the use of teaching materials and implements, which the social development and safety in terms of education and function are respectively evaluated and authenticated by the diversity of teaching materials and implements for young children, has need of the high evaluation and authentication of teaching materials and implements that can guarantee the quality when young children use a lot of experiment and observation implements such as block play, reading materials, manipulating materials, making implements.

Prediction of Power Consumption for Improving QoS in an Energy Saving Server Cluster Environment (에너지 절감형 서버 클러스터 환경에서 QoS 향상을 위한 소비 전력 예측)

  • Cho, Sungchoul;Kang, Sanha;Moon, Hungsik;Kwak, Hukeun;Chung, Kyusik
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
    • /
    • v.4 no.2
    • /
    • pp.47-56
    • /
    • 2015
  • In an energy saving server cluster environment, the power modes of servers are controlled according to load situation, that is, by making ON only minimum number of servers needed to handle current load while making the other servers OFF. This algorithm works well under normal circumstances, but does not guarantee QoS under abnormal circumstances such as sharply rising or falling loads. This is because the number of ON servers cannot be increased immediately due to the time delay for servers to turn ON from OFF. In this paper, we propose a new prediction algorithm of the power consumption for improving QoS under not only normal but also abnormal circumstances. The proposed prediction algorithm consists of two parts: prediction based on the conventional time series analysis and prediction adjustment based on trend analysis. We performed experiments using 15 PCs and compared performance for 4 types of conventional time series based prediction methods and their modified methods with our prediction algorithm. Experimental results show that Exponential Smoothing with Trend Adjusted (ESTA) and its modified ESTA (MESTA) proposed in this paper are outperforming among 4 types of prediction methods in terms of normalized QoS and number of good reponses per power consumed, and QoS of MESTA proposed in this paper is 7.5% and 3.3% better than that of conventional ESTA for artificial load pattern and real load pattern, respectively.

Improvement of Performance for Online Certificate Status Validation (실시간 인증서 상태검증의 성능개선)

  • Jung, Jai-Dong;Oh, Hae-Seok
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
    • /
    • v.10C no.4
    • /
    • pp.433-440
    • /
    • 2003
  • According as the real economic activities are carried out in the cyber world and the identity problem of a trade counterpart emerges, digital signature has been diffused. Due to the weakness for real-time validation using the validation method of digital signature, Certificate Revocation List, On-line Certificate Status Protocol was introduced. In this case, every transaction workload requested to verify digital signature is concentrated of a validation server node. Currently this method has been utilized on domestic financial transactions, but sooner or later the limitation will be revealed. In this paper, the validation method will be introduced which not only it can guarantee real-time validation but also the requesting node of certificate validation can maintain real-time certificate status information. This method makes the revocation management node update the certificate status information in real-time to the validation node while revoking certificate. The characteristic of this method is that the revocation management node should memorize the validation nodes which a certificate holder uses. If a certificate holder connects a validation node for the first time, the validation node should request its certificate status information to the above revocation management node and the revocation management node memorizes the validation node at the time. After that, the revocation management node inform the revocation information in real-time to all the validation node registered when a request of revocation happens. The benefits of this method are the fact that we can reduce the validation time because the certificate validation can be completed at the validation node and that we can avoid the concentration of requesting certificate status information to a revocation node.

A Study on the Durability Performance of a Receptacle for CNG Vehicles (천연가스 차량용 리셉터클의 내구성능에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Young;Kim, Young-Min;Lee, Yong-Gyu;Lee, Jang-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
    • /
    • v.14 no.6
    • /
    • pp.15-20
    • /
    • 2010
  • Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses have been supplied since the year 2000 in order to resolve severe atmospheric pollution in metropolitan area and contributed on the improvement of urban atmospheric environment. However, it is indispensible to take an adequate measure to guarantee the safety of CNG vehicles because of the possibility of huge fire accident. A receptacle, connecting device between high pressure fuel supply tank and fuel line, plays an important role in CNG supply system. In recent, leakage of CNG from receptacles has been reported. So, the concern about the security and reliability of receptacles has been arisen. Therefore, a lot of efforts to prevent leakage are invested among researchers and the durability of this component should be guaranteed despite repeated operation. This research has performed durability tests of a CNG receptacle regarding the repeated usage, extreme chattering, and continuous full flow test. Although a receptacle used for CNG vehicle satisfies validation requirements in the test results, it has been found that failure in the function of leakage prevention in a receptacle could take place in the case of prolonged exposure to high supply pressure in common quick charging environment on site.

Immediate breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy in an Asian population: Aesthetic outcomes and mitigating nipple-areolar complex necrosis

  • Pek, Wan-Sze;Tan, Bien-Keem;Ng, Yvonne Ying Ru;Tan, Veronique Kiak Mien;Rasheed, Mohamed Zulfikar;Tan, Benita Kiat Tee;Ong, Kong Wee;Ong, Yee Siang
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
    • /
    • v.45 no.3
    • /
    • pp.229-238
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) are increasingly performed to obtain the best aesthetic and psychological outcomes in breast cancer treatment. However, merely preserving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) does not guarantee a good outcome. Darkly pigmented NACs and a tendency for poor scarring outcomes are particular challenges when treating Asian patients. Herein, we review the reconstructive outcomes following NSM at Singapore General Hospital. Methods All breasts reconstructed following NSM over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed. Information was collected from the patients' records on mastectomy indications, operative details, and complications. Patient satisfaction, breast sensation, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated in 15 patients. Sensation was quantified using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Results A total of 142 NSMs were performed in 133 patients for breast cancer (n=122, 85.9%) or risk reduction (n=20, 14.1%). Of the procedures, 114 (80.2%) were autologous reconstructions, while 27 (19.0%) were reconstructions with implants. Complications occurred in 28 breasts (19.7%), with the most common complication being NAC necrosis, which occurred in 17 breasts (12.0%). Four breasts (2.8%) had total NAC necrosis. The overall mean patient satisfaction score was 3.0 (good). The sensation scores were significantly diminished in the skin envelope, areola, and nipple of breasts that had undergone NSM compared to non-operated breasts (P<0.05). Half of the subset of 15 patients in whom aesthetic outcomes were evaluated had reduced nipple projection. Conclusions Immediate reconstruction after NSM was performed with a low complication rate in this series, predominantly through autologous reconstruction. Patients should be informed of potential drawbacks, including NAC necrosis, reduced nipple projection, and diminished sensation.

Assesment of Load and Resistance Factored Design Value for PHC Driven Pile (PHC 항타말뚝의 하중저항계수 산정)

  • Park, Jong-Bae;Park, Yong-Boo;Lee, Bum-Sik;Kim, Sang-Yeon
    • Land and Housing Review
    • /
    • v.4 no.3
    • /
    • pp.279-286
    • /
    • 2013
  • Driving a prefabricated pile is the efficient construction method with low cost and excellent bearing capacity charateristics. But pile drinving method has often been changed to bored pile method with mechanical boring due to the unexpected problems occurred in the various domestic ground condition with landfill. So, pile driving method has more uncertainty than the Bored Pile method. This paper proposed LRFD design value which is one of limit states design method for the PHC driven pile used as building foundation to guarantee the reliable design with reduced uncertainty. This paper analysed 221 dynamic load test results(E.O.I.D : 93, Resrike : 128) and the different methods of estimating bearing design(Meyerhof method & SPT-CPT conversion method), and proposed LRFD value for each design reliability Index 2.33 and 3.0 for PHC driven pile. LRFD value of PHC driven pile represents 0.43~0.55 for Meyerhof method and 0.40~0.49 for SPT-CPT conversion method according to the deign reliability index.

Analysis of Factors of IRRs and Spread on Korea's BTO Projects (우리나라 민간투자사업의 수익률과 가산금리의 결정요인 분석)

  • Ju, Jae-Hong;Ha, Heon-Gu;Park, Dong-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
    • /
    • v.28 no.2
    • /
    • pp.135-150
    • /
    • 2010
  • This paper focuses on finding out which covenants are different among the concession agreements of Korean BTO projects and how these influenced IRR(Internal Rate of Return). That is, to figure out the political and economical determinants of IRR by analyzing the concession agreements which are the basic contract of implementing projects. As IRR is an index of profitability, so spread is an indicator of risk to collect debts. That's the reason why the analysis of spread is included. For the empirical analysis, the data of concession agreements for 75 projects and financial models are used. These 75 concession agreements are contracted from 1995 to 2008. The dependent variables are after tax nominal IRR and the spread of long term interest rates of 75 BTO projects. The independent variables are project's proceeding factors, the feasibility variables, the variables related to financial character and the variables related to covenants or the government's policy. The analysis shows that IRR has been influenced by the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects, the projects with minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), etc. And the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects and the implementation of supplementary project have an effect on spread also.

Review on Soil Erosion and Loss Management System of the Calgary City Government, Albert, Canada (캐나다 앨버트 주 캘거리 시의 토사관리제도에 관한 고찰)

  • Kim, Youngchul;Kim, Lee-Hyung;Hwang, Sung Woo
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.163-175
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this paper, soil erosion and soil loss management system (SMS) of the City of Calgary in Albert, Canada was reviewed. Regulatory basis supporting this soil management system, permit process and conditions, guidelines and principles for the SMS, and monitoring and repair duties, inspection were discussed. Permit process in the City of Calgary is handled mainly by Urban Development Division, in which special task force called CPAG (Coorporative Planning Application Group) (if necessary circulated through related subdivisions). Inspects all the permit conditions and decides permit or refusal, and LUM (Land Use and Mobility) advertises the approval, if there is no appeals, permit is released to developers. If permit is rejected, applicant can appeals Development Appeal Board, it can approve or reject. In addition to permit, the city has manual for soil management plan, which includes BMP selection, design, monitoring, maintenance, and inspection activities. Perfect SMS policy does not necessarily guarantee relieving the soil-particle related pollution problem, but in Korea, we have to recognize that construction works during development is potentially the most destructive stage of environmental pollution. The central and local governments must make preparations for the effective and tight regulations and ordinance which is appropriate for regional social-economic conditions.

The development of the procurement process system for e-Biz of the plant business (플랜트 산업의 e-Biz화를 위한 구매 Process System 개발)

  • Kim Hoi-Sub;Lee Joo-Pyo;Han Sang-hoon;Cho Se-hyoung;Park Chang-Hyun;Han Jae-Bum;Kim Sung-Ho;Kim Gyu-Tae
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
    • /
    • v.4 no.5
    • /
    • pp.11-19
    • /
    • 2003
  • Since B2C(Business to Customer) from which e-commerce had originated was replaced by B2B, e-Business has shown fast growth so fa., Recently, e-Procurement by l:n concept is on the development as self-purchase system associated with their own ERP In many conglomerates in the Korean market. However, in order to vitalize e-Biz in the plant industry, we need to set up e-marketplaces where many sellers and buyers can meet each other at the same time, which has become the essential part for success as an expanded business model. In this paper, we expect that the foundation for e-transformation in the plant industry is set up by developing Purchase Process System and related modules as the prerequisite for e-Biz in the plant industry, and this report will provide an exemplary model for e-commerce. The Purchase Process System consists of 1) e-Purchasing Module that manages bidding and contract information based on quotation inquiry, 2) e-Expediting Module that manages information to guarantee the on-time delivery, 3) e-Certification Module that controls user authentification, 4) e-Basic Module that manages the bulletin boards, Q&A, etc.

  • PDF

A Study on the Improvement of the Network Performance Measurement of Virtual Machine between Host OS and Guest OS for a Mobile Personalized Software Platform based on SaaS (SaaS 기반 이동형 개인 맞춤 소프트웨어 플랫폼을 위한 VM의 Host OS와 Guest OS의 네트워크 성능 측정 방법 개선)

  • U, Su-Jeong;On, Jin-Ho;Choi, Jung-Rhan;Choi, Wan;Lee, Moon-Kun
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.85-98
    • /
    • 2009
  • Recently, there are a number of researches and developments for the personalized software platform for mobility based on SaaS. The platform requires an optimal virtual machine in order to satisfy the operating systems of various users for the software. In addition, the platform must guarantee the mobility of the users' working environments by supporting fast and secure services between internal and external networks in the platform operating systems. In order to verify the optimal behaviors of virtual machines for the platform, the performance of the virtual machines must be measured and analyzed in various perspectives. In the previous research, unfortunately, the performance of a virtual machine were conducted in the condition that a guest operating system was installed on the virtual machine and considered as a computer, by measuring the network traffic between the guest operating system and an external client operating system. This performance measurement was not suitable for a virtual machine for the platform since a number of different software must be handled in the virtual machine. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper presents a measurement method for network performance and proposes the most optimal virtual machine by the method.

  • PDF