• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권10호
• /
• pp.1502-1506
• /
• 2002

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the broiler's genotype ($G_t$) and ambient temperature ($T_a$) on performance and core body temperature ($T_core$) of broiler chicks. A factorial arrangement of two $G_t$ (Hubbard and ISA J57 chicks) and two $T_a$ (moderate, $23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and hot, $33{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$) were used in this study. Performance data (body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio) were determined weekly for six weeks. Chicks' $T_core$ was measured using a biotelemetric system between Weeks five and six. Results showed that body weight gain and feed intake were significantly high, and feed:gain ratio was significantly low for Hubbard chicks compared to those of ISA J57 chicks. High $T_a$ significantly reduced weight gain and feed intake. Furthermore, the reduction in body weight gain and feed intake under the hot $T_a$ was more pronounced for Hubbard chicks than those of the ISA J57 chicks resulting in significant $G_t$ by $T_a$ interaction. Chicks grown under moderate $T_a$ had significantly lower $T_core$ than those grown under hot $T_a$. The $T_core$ of the Hubbard chicks was significantly lower than that of the ISA J57 at the moderate $T_a$ while under the hot $T_a$, the magnitude of the change in $T_core$ was more pronounced in Hubbard chicks than that of ISA J57; this resulted in a significant $G_t$ by $T_a$ interaction. The results of this study indicate that chicks with higher potential for growth under thermo-neutral temperature are more susceptible to heat stress than chicks with lower potential for growth. This maybe due, at least in part, to their lower body $T_core$ under moderate temperature and to the lesser ability of these fast growing chicks to regulate their $T_core$ when exposed to heat stress, as was clearly shown on these birds' performance.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.220-223
• /
• 1997

This paper presents the prediction of microstructure of Inconel 718 disk forgings. The experiments are carried out to examine the recrystallization ratio and grain growth in the forgings. In the experiments, cylindrical billets are forged by two operations with variations of forging temperature and reduction ratio of deformation. Also the finite element program, developed here for the prediction, is used for the analysis, and the results are compared with the experimental ones. It is noted that the comparison appears in sound agreement.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제99권3호
• /
• pp.397-403
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 서로 다른 강도로 간벌 시행 후 4년이 경과한 경기도 광릉시험림 내 46년생 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini) 인공림에서 간벌 강도가 토양 온도, 수분, 광 유효도(photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) 및 직경 생장량 변화에 미치는 초기 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 수행되었다. 간벌은 2004년 흉고단면적($m^2$/ha)을 기준으로 45%(T45)와 60%(T60)를 제거하는 방법으로 실시되었다. 대조구, T45 및 T60의 평균 토양 온도는 각각 8.9, 10.0, $10.2^{\circ}C$, 평균 토양 수분 함량은 14.3, 16.1, 16.1%이었으며, 평균 토양 온도는 대조구 포함 각 처리구 사이에서, 평균 토양 수분 함량은 대조구와 간벌 처리구간 통계적으로 그 차이가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 대조구, T45 및 T60의 평균 PAR는 각각 44, 143, 178 ${\mu}mol/m^2$/sec로 나타나 각 처리구 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 간벌 후 4년간 측정한 연평균 직경 생장량은 대조구, T45 및 T60에서 각각 0.4, 1.5, 1.2 mm으로 조사되어 간벌 처리구가 대조구에 비해 직경 생장량이 높았다. 결론적으로 간벌 후 4년이 경과한 시점에서도 토양 온도, 수분 및 임분 내 유입되는 광 유효도는 지속적으로 간벌에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 1986

생식생장기 관개수온과 수심을 달리한 물관리방법이 Source와 Sink 관련형질의 생육 및 무기성분조성에 미치는 영향을 구명하였던 바 다음과 같은 몇가지 결과를 얻었다. 1. 보통관개수에 의한 심수관개는 간장, 수장, 추출도를 신장시켰으나 냉수관개는 역의 관계를 나타내었고 냉수관개수심 5 cm는 감수분열기, 20 cm 심수는 유수형성기에 신장단축이 현저하였다. 2. 보통관개수에 의한 심수관개는 지경과 영화의 착생수 증대 및 퇴화를 경감시켰으나 냉수관개는이들의 착생수 감소 및 퇴화를 조장시켰고, 그 경향은 심수관개와 유수형성기 심수관개에서 현저하였으며 불임율과 등숙비율도 유수형성기에 냉수로 심수관개 할수록 피해가 급증하였다. 3. 식물체의 무기성분조성은 보통관개수로 심수관개 할수록 체내의 전질소 및 인산, 가리, 규산함량이 높았으나 냉수관개는 전규소함양을 높이고 인산, 가리, 규산의 흡수를 억제시켰는데 그 경향은 심수관개에서 현저하였다. 4. 인질비, 가리질비, 규질비는 상수관개보다 냉수로 심수관개 할수록 현저히 낮았고 조성비로 보아 지경은 엽신, 영곡보다 인산, 가리, 규산의 요구양이 많았다. 엽신, 지경, 영곡의 규질비와 수량과는 정의 유의상관이 있었고 엽신, 영곡에 비하여 지경의 규질비가 수량과 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1837-1843
• /
• 2017

Knowledge of avian host responses to brucellosis is critical to understanding how birds resist this infection; however, this mechanism is not well established. On the other hand, temperature has a major involvement in the physiology of living organisms, and cell death induced by heat is attributed to protein denaturation. This study demonstrates the direct bactericidal effect of a high temperature ($41^{\circ}C$) on Brucella abortus that resulted in the gradual reduction of intracellular bacteria and inhibited bacterial growth within avian macrophage HD11 in an increasing period of time. On the other hand, this study also revealed that high temperature does not affect the rate of bacterial uptake, as confirmed by the bacterial adherence assay. No significant difference was observed in the expression of target genes between infected and uninfected cells for both temperatures. This study suggests the susceptibility of B. abortus to bacterial death under a high temperature with an increased period of incubation, leading to suppression of bacterial growth.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 1991

The construction details of VGF apparatus with a DM(direct monitoring) furnace for the growth of low defect crystal and characteristics of GaAs crystal grown by this apparatus are described. The average dislocation densities and EL2 concentration of as-grown undoped GaAs along the different solidified fractions exhibit $4{\times}10^{2}-7{\times}10^{3}cm^{-2}$ and $6{\times}10^{14}-4{\times}10^{15}cm^{-3}$, which are less than those observed for liquid encapsulated Czochralski(LEC) or high-pressure vertical gradient freeze(VGF) crystals. These remarkable reduction of the dislocation densities and EL2 concentrations were explained by the lower temperature gradient ($dT/dx-10^{\circ}/cm$) and slower rates of post - growth cooling ($20^{\circ}C/hr:1240-1000^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C/hr:1000-700^{\circ}C$). Also, The Hall mobilities, carrier concentrations show uniform distribution throughtout 80% of the ingot length.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 2012

Spaceflights results in the reduction of immune status of human beings and increase in the virulence of microorganisms, especially gram negative bacteria. The growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae is enhanced by catecholamines and during spaceflight, elevation in the levels of cortisols occurs. So it is necessary to know the changes in physiology, virulence, antibiotic resistance and gene expression of K. pneumoniae under microgravity conditions. The present study was undertaken to study effect of simulated microgravity on growth, morphology, antibiotic resistance and cross stress resistance of K. pneumoniae to various stresses. The susceptibility of simulated microgravity grown K. pneumoniae to ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, hygromycin and rifampicin were evaluated. The growth of bacteria was found to be fast compared with normal gravity grown bacteria and no significant changes in the antibiotic resistance were found. The bacteria cultured under microgravity conferred cross stress resistance to acid, temperature and osmotic stress higher than the normal gravity cultured bacteria but the vice versa was found in case of oxidative stress.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.74-87
• /
• 2016

지구 온난화에 의한 미래의 기후변화는 감자의 생물 계절, 생육 및 수량에 지대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되므로 그 영향을 평가하여 적응대책을 수립하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고온조건을 포함한 다양한 기상 조건에서 감자의 생육과 수량 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 작기 이동 실험은 2014년과 2015년, 수원의 서울대학교 부속 실험농장에서 실시되었으며, 봄 실험에서는 조생종인 남작과 수미 그리고 중만생종인 대서를 세 번의 파종기에 걸쳐 재배하였다. 가을 실험에서는 수미와 대서를 두번의 파종기에 걸쳐 2014년에만 재배하였다. 괴경형성기는 품종과 파종기에 따라 출아 후 11일부터 22일까지 다양한 시기에 나타났다. 기상요인들이 괴경형성기에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 현재 기후조건에서 괴경형성기는 기온 상승과 단일조건하에서 촉진되었다. 반면에 고온과 장일 조건에서 적은 일사량은 역시 괴경형성기를 지연시켰다. 공시 품종 모두 괴경형성 적온은 $22-24^{\circ}C$ 내외로 추정되었으며, 기온, 일장 및 일사는 괴경형성에 상승적으로 상호작용하였다. 재배기간, 괴경 형성기와 기상요인이 수량에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 능형회귀 결과 가장 큰 영향은 재배기간으로 나타났다. 남한에서 감자의 생육기간은 봄철의 장마와 늦가을의 서리로 제한된다. 이는 봄 작기 동안의 수원의 평균 기온이 감자 수량의 최적온도와 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 2014~2015년 마른장마로 인해 생육시기 동안 충분한 일사량이 확보되어 제한요인으로 작용하지 못하였기 때문이다. 앞당겨진 괴경형성기와 최저기온의 상승은 수량을 감소시켰다. $17-22^{\circ}C$ 범위의 평균기온에서는 일교차만이 수량에 큰 영향을 주었다. 고온반응 실험은 2015년에 서울대학교 부속실험농장의 플라스틱 하우스 4개동에서 수행되었다. 대표 품종으로 수미가 이용되었으며, 4월 29일과 9월 17일에 외기온 프라스틱하우스와 외기온보다 $1.5^{\circ}C$, $3.0^{\circ}C$, $5.0^{\circ}C$ 높게 조절되는 프라스틱 하우스에 각각 80주씩 파종하였다. 가을실험에서는 출아기와 괴경형성기만을 관측하였다. 괴경형성기는 장일효과로 인해 봄 실험에서 가을 실험에 비해 14일 가량 늦어졌으며, $5.0^{\circ}C$ 온실에서는 고온, 저일사와 장일효과로 인해 괴경이 형성되지 않았다. 온도 상승에 따라 괴경 형성 초기의 괴경 숫자가 감소하여, 괴경으로 전류되는 동화산물과 수확기 괴경의 평균 생서중이 감소하였다. 잉여동화산물은 주로 줄기로 집적되어 왕성한 줄기신장을 보였다. 본 실험 결과에 따르면 이미 수원의 현재 기후는 감자재배의 적온 범위를 벗어나기 시작하였으며, 미래기후에서 고온피해는 더 심각하게 나타날 것이다. 하지만, 감자의 괴경 형성 및 비대에 대한 이해는 아직까지도 부족한 상태이므로 미래 기후 변화 영향을 평가하기 위해서는 고온 하에서 감자의 생리적 반응에 대한 구체적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.112-126
• /
• 1991

The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is ever-increasing and expected to reach about 600 ppmv some time during next century. Such an increase of $CO_2$ may cause a warming of the earth's surface of 1.5 to 4.5$^{\circ}C$, resulting in great changes in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The climatic scenario under doubled $CO_2$ projected by general circulation model of Goddard Institute for Space Studies(GISS) was adopted to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on agroclimatic resources, net primary productivity and rice productivity in Korea. The annual mean temperature was expected to rise by 3.5 to 4.$0^{\circ}C$ and the annual precipitation to vary by -5 to 20% as compared to current normal climate (1951 to 1980), resulting in the increase of possible duration of crop growth(days above 15$^{\circ}C$ in daily mean temperature) by 30 to 50 days and of effective accumulated temperature(EAT=∑Ti, Ti$\geq$1$0^{\circ}C$) by 1200 to 150$0^{\circ}C$. day which roughly corresponds to the shift of its isopleth northward by 300 to 400 km and by 600 to 700 m in altitude. The hydrological condition evaluated by radiative dryness index (RDI =Rn/ $\ell$P) is presumed to change slightly. The net primary productivity under the 2$\times$$CO_2$ climate was estimated to decrease by 3 to 4% when calculated without considering the photosynthesis stimulation due to $CO_2$ enrichment. Empirical crop-weather model was constructed for national rice yield prediction. The rice yields predicted by this model under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climatic scenario at the technological level of 1987 were lower by 34-43% than those under current normal climate. The parameters of MACROS, a dynamic simulation model from IRRI, were modified to simulate the growth and development of Korean rice cultivars under current and doubled $CO_2$ climatic condition. When simulated starting seedling emergence of May 10, the rice yield of Hwaseongbyeo(medium maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate in Suwon showed 37% reduction compared to that under current normal climate. The yield reduction was ascribable mainly to the shortening of vegetative and ripening period due to accelerated development by higher temperature. Any simulated yields when shifted emergence date from April 10 to July 10 with Hwaseongbyeo (medium maturity) and Palgeum (late maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate did not exceed the yield of Hwaseongbyeo simulated at seedling emergence on May 10 under current climate. The imaginary variety, having the same characteristics as those of Hwaseongbyeo except growth duration of 100 days from seedling emergence to heading, showed 4% increase in yield when simulated at seedling emergence on May 25 producing the highest yield. The simulation revealed that grain yields of rice increase to a greater extent under 2$\times$ $CO_2$-doubled condition than under current atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration as the plant type becomes more erect.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2011

Environmental pollution by Using of a fossil fuel, a reckless and growth-oriented development since the Industrial Revolution has caused global change of environment. An issue largest among this is a climate change. A global mean temperature since 19th century has climbed up $0.4{\sim}0.8^{\circ}C$. After The Kyoto Protocol regarding a greenhouse gas reduction goal took effect, be situations that decrease of greenhouse gas was acutely required. Interest of utilization of the new & renewable energy is increasing every day. This study shows that at first divided a country to nine range by natural geography, and second executed Meteorological data analysis of recent 30 years considering level of significance by nine range. The results of this study are that in heating load calculation of building, periodic temperature data management is required because facility capacity and cost are affected greatly by outdoor temperature, and temperature by climate range needs consideration of pertinent area. Lastly, ground temperature was assumed of the weather in region, the ground and soil.