• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.5
• /
• pp.686-692
• /
• 2010

This study described the general pattern of genetic variation among ten teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) provenances in Myanmar and determined the most suitable seed sources for the plantation program in Bago Yoma region. Seeds of ten provenances were collected to cover the whole teak natural distribution in Myanmar and planted at four trial sites in Bago Yoma region in 1998. Seven years after planting, variation was assessed for growth, morphological characteristics and their correlation with geoclimatic factors. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in most of the traits measured among provenances, trial sites and provenance ${\times}$ site interaction at five percent level. A positive significant correlation (p<0.01) was found among most of the traits. The regression analyses between all traits and geoclimatic factors indicated the existence of ecoclinal variation in teak. Most of the traits were negatively correlated with the latitude while a positive significant correlation was found between longitude and C/B ratio, crown-diameter, average branch angle and leaf-remain. There was no significant correlation between the mean temperature and any other traits in this study. Furthermore, growth traits and crown diameter were positively correlated with the mean annual rainfall while negative correlation was found between the geographical distance and growth traits. Results indicate that the latitudinal pattern of teak genetic variations in growth performance was attributed to the limit of mean annual rainfall. Comparative assessment showed that local provenances were generally the best and could be use as suitable seed sources for the plantation program in the Bago Yoma region.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2020

Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 1988

A comparative growth trial involving 12 Beetal and 12 Barbari kids was conducted for 120 days. The kids were allowed to suckle their dams and also offered ad libitum green fodder and concentrate at 2% of their liveweight. Beetal kids attained higher (P<.01) weight, consumed more (P<.01) milk, green fodder and concentrate, and utilized protein efficiently as compared to Barbari kids. However, variation due to sex was non-significant. Blood glucose, protein and cholesterol levels increased (P<.01) with increasing age irrespective of sex and breed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.31-33
• /
• 2007

Devising an efficient one-pass frequent pattern mining algorithm has been an issue in data mining research in recent past. Pattern growth algorithms like FP-Growth which are found more efficient than candidate generation and test algorithms still require two database scans. Moreover, FP-growth approach requires rebuilding the base-tree while mining with different support counts. In this paper we propose an item-based tree, called I-Tree that not only efficiently mines frequent patterns with single database scan but also provides multiple mining scopes with multiple support thresholds. The 'build-once-mine-many' property of I-Tree allows it to construct the tree only once and perform mining operation several times with the variation of support count values.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.1024-1037
• /
• 2021

Mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) from transaction databases considers such factors as the unit profit and quantity of purchased items. Two-phase tree-based algorithms transform a database into compressed tree structures and generate candidate patterns through a recursive pattern-growth procedure. This procedure requires a lot of memory and time to construct conditional pattern trees. To address this issue, this study employs two compressed tree structures, namely, Utility Count Tree and String Utility Tree, to enumerate valid patterns and thus promote fast utility computation. Furthermore, the study presents an algorithm called single-phase utility computation (SPUC) that leverages these two tree structures to mine HUIs in a single phase by incorporating novel pruning strategies. Experiments conducted on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the superior performance of SPUC compared with IHUP, UP-Growth, and UP-Growth+algorithms.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.461-467
• /
• 2006

The growth pattern and the seasonal changes in nutrient contents of Humulus japonicus were investigated. Stem length of H. japonicus reached the maximum from 240 to 260 Julian date and the median value was found at 255 Julian date. The maximum leaf area was observed from 235 to 248 Julian date and the median value was at 240 Julian date. The maximum growth rate of the stem length ranged from 205 to 227 Julian date. The leaf area showed the maximum growth rate from 196 to 214 Julian date. The median date in the growth rate of the stem length and leaf area was 212 and 205 Julian date, respectively. The growth rate of H. japonicus was related to rainy season and precipitation. Phosphorus and sodium contents of H. japonicus were correlated with maximum potential rate of relative growth. Although stem biomass of H. japonicus was $ 1.5{\sim}3.5$ times larger than that of leaf, N content of the leaf ($4.48{\sim}5.27%$) was about 2 times higher than that of the stem ($2.00{\sim}3.62%$). High content of N might be responsible for the high growth rate of H. japonicus in summer. This result provides valuable information for appropriate timing for the removal of H. japonicus.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.315-329
• /
• 1996

The changes of growth and protein synthesis pattern by aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) treatments were studied in Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. When exposed to Al from 5ppm to 3oppm, synechocystis grows normally. But more than that retard the growth of algae notably. The 0.05ppm Cd additions had no effect on the growth of algae. 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5ppm Cd inhibited growth. Under 1 and 2ppm Cd stress, growth was greatly diminished. Zn had dual effects. The growth of algae in media containing 5ppm was stimulated. As concentration increases more than l5ppm, growth inbition increases. Under 25ppm Zn stress, growth was greatly diminished. According to logistic theory, r and K values of each heavy metal-treated groups were estimated. Correlation analysis of r and K values with metal concentration shows that there is negative correlation between K and concentration in Cd and Zn treatments. Critical concentration which shows lethal or sublethal effect was estimated by t-test of each r and K value. The cells cultured in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 5oppm of Al, 1 and 2ppm of Cd, and 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30ppm of Zn for 4 days was used for protein analysis. Analysis of protein synthesis with SDS-PACE showed alterations of protein synthesis pattern. The synthesis of protein about 220kD increased markedly. In this study, it showed that resistance mechanism against Al, Cd, and Zn is K selection and that metal stress induced the change of protein synthesis in Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.Key words:Cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. FCC 6803, Heavy metals, Aluminum, Cadmiutm Zinc, Crowth, Frotein synthesis.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 1998

Anthropometric characteristics and considerations of sex differences are essential for the correct design of ergonomic work spaces. This paper is concerned with longitudinal study on the physical growth in the Korean youth. Five hundred and fourty subjects were selected from third year students of high schools, and their records on physical examination during the last twelve years were surveyed by longitudinal method. This study investigated the anthropometric characteristics of physical structure and the shape of physical growth for boys and girls. The result showed that there were significant sex differences in the pattern of physical growth in height.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2011

Carbon board, an electromagnetic shielding new material, is expected to be applied to the art wall by combining draft designs. When environment-friendly architecture materials are used as an interior wall, they are suitable as finishing materials. According to the increasing tendency of the application of carbon board, various styles could be made by decorating the whole or a part of a wall with tiles with module structure or by patterning the wall with panel-type woodcut or pictures or sculpture. And more graphic design based on diverse variation, and reconstruction and combination between other motif is being on the rise as a new expression. In this paper, make it possible to applying in MDF board and carbon board pattern design using the woodcut technique. The structural and physical properties were compared by usability of abrasion, toughness, stability. Samples are analyzed dependent on the hardness and relative density, change of detail pattern design and trimming technique. These results have shown that the possibility of applying of carbon board can be a high rank interior materials, capable of creating value of the living system, connects with MDF board, also can express humanism in a beautiful manner.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.330-354
• /
• 2021

To know the long-term growth patterns and determinants of successful startups, 15-year (2006-2020) panel data of 252 companies that had a growth rate of over 20% every year in the last three years were used. In the first analysis, statistics on the period required to designate a gazelle company or listed on the stock market were examined. In addition, five long-term growth patterns were presented. In the panel analysis, the R&D intensity, operating profit ratio, size, and age of the company were pointed out as determinants of growth. The operating profit margin and R&D intensity have a positive effect on growth. Gibrat's law was not supported, but an inverted U-shape was observed. Jovanovic's law was confirmed. Although many studies tend not to point to profitability as a determinant of long-term growth, this is an important long-term growth factor of a company. The operating profit ratio was used in this study.