• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2011

Many lichens have been used as bioindicators for air pollutants such as $SO_2$. The first ecological study on lichens in Korea was conducted in 1975 by Kim and Lee, disclosing that areas adjacent to the center of Seoul were lichen deserts. Air quality in Seoul has improved significantly since the 1980s. However, the distribution of lichen species has not been reevaluated since then. We examined the spatial and temporal pattern of lichen distribution by selecting six (inner city green [ICG] and four (outer city green [OCG]) sites, based on the distance from the city center of Seoul and the land use pattern. The change in lichen distribution was related to yearly mean concentrations of $SO_2$, $NO_2$, and $O_3$ for the years 1980-2009. Four and 13 lichen species were found in ICGs and OCGs, respectively. Although mean sample numbers per species were much higher in the former, species richness tended to increase with distance from the city center. Since 1980, $SO_2$ has declined drastically to < 0.01 ppm in both ICGs and OCGs, indicating that $SO_2$ is no longer a limiting factor for lichen establishment and growth. In contrast, $NO_2$ has increased steadily for 20 years (1989-2009) and a considerable proportion of lichen species in both ICGs and OCGs are known as nitrophilic or pollution-tolerant species. Appearance of nitrophiles in both ICGs and OCGs and the dominance of a few lichen species in ICGs may reflect the effects of the increase in $NO_2$. In contrast to $SO_2$ and $NO_2$, $O_3$ was higher in OCGs, but it was difficult to identify a causal relationship between $O_3$ and lichen distribution.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2001

목포항의 수질과 영양상태의 계절 변화를 구명하고 평가하기 위하여 1996년 8원부터 1999년 8월까지 3년간 현장 관측과 수질 분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 투명도, 용존무기질소, 인산인 및 클로로필 a와 같은 수질 항목에 대하여 OECD 영양분류기준을 적용한 결과, 목포항 해수의 영양수준은 4계절 내내 중영양 내지 부영양 상태로 평가되었고, 특히 하계에는 부영양 상태로 나타났다. 둘째, 비록 목포항 수질은 화학적 산소요구량에 의하면 해역수질 환경기준의 2급수 내지 3급수로 평가되지만, 부영양화에 의한 오염지수를 산정한 결과에 의하면, 목포항은 수질이 악화되어 4계절 내내 3급수에도 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부영양도를 산정한 결과, 특히 하계 또는 추계에 목포항에서 적조 발생 잠재력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 해수중에 존재하는 인에 대한 질소의 평균원자비(N/P)를 살펴보면, 목포항에서 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 대한 제한 영양 인자는 질소라기보다는 인으로 나타났다

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.337-340
• /
• 1987

규회석 분말을 시용하는 경우와 시용하지 않는 경우에 가을배추(삼진)에 대한 칼리비료와 요소, 질산 암모니아의 병, 단용효과를 밝히고자 삼각사양토에서 실시한 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 규회석 분말의 사용은 배추재배를 비교적 용이하게 하였다. 이 조건하에서 배추에 대한 요소와 질산 암모니아의 효과는 차이가 없었다. 2. 규회석 분말을 사용하지 않는 토양에서는 요소보다 질산 암모니아가 배추를 증수하게 하였으며 그 효과는 더 많은 토양칼리을 이용하게 한데 기인하였다. 3. 칼리의 병용은 배추의 수량을 높일 뿐만 아니라 가식부의 생산비를 높였으며 그 효과는 특히 규회석분말을 쓰지 않는 토양에서 컸다. 4. 칼륨은 배추의 외엽에서 내엽으로 쉽게 이동했으며, K원으로서 외엽의 그 함량이 배추의 수량을 지배해서 건조 외엽의 함량 20me/100g 이하에서는 배추의 생체중이 직선적으로 감소하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제44권7호
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2002

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 1965

Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60, Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5, Streptococcus faecalis R have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of sixteen amino acids in Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar hydrolysate by alkaline and hydrolysis for succesive two hours from two to twelve hours, by means of microbiological assay. And thiamine and riboflavin were fluorometrically determinated by thiochrome and lumiflavin in powder (80mesh) of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar. The results were as follows: 1) Arginine contents was the highest in hydrolysate for two hours, but longer the hydrolysis, the more content Undaria pinnatifida was decreased. 2) The adequate contents of other amino acids were obtained by hydrolysis for six hours. 3) Growth check and improve of Lactobacillus were not identified in determination by microbiological assay for Undaria pinnatifida. 4) The following values were obtained in Undaria pinnatifida hydrolysate six hours: asparatic acid 466, arginine 230, lysine 317, histidine 74, isoleucine 242, methionine 202, phenylalanine 256, proline 231, threonine 231, tyrosine 161, valine 415, glycine 302, leucine 414, glutamic acid 625, cystine (5 hrs.) 53 and tryptophan (8 hrs.) 90mg per nitrogen one gram. 5) Protein score was 81 (limiting factor was isoleucine) and essential amino acids pattern was of satisfactory results. And methionine contained was higher than FAO value or milk value. 6) Sulphur contained amino acids (methionine plus cystine) contained in Undaria pinnatifida were 225mg/N-g. That was satisfactory results. 7) Absorption spectrum of wave length were not different 1% HAc from buffer-sol. (pH 6.8) in dilution for determination of riboflavin. Both methods might be suitable. 8) Thiamine and riboflavin contained in Undaria pinnatifida were ($B_1,\;82.51{\pm}1.1){\gamma}/N-g\;and\;(B_2,\;115.29{\pm}1.5){\gamma}/N-g.$.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The Education Ministry has plans to select top 10 percent academic journals among the domestic registration journals in NRF(National Research Foundation of Korea), and designate them as outstanding academic journals. To reflect this trend, KODISA has set its sights on paper publication rate and citation index with pushing forward globalism. First, this study will arrange the process of globalism and the current state of paper submission, and propose the direction of improvement in academic journals through understanding the characteristics of each major field. Research design, data, and methodology - KODISA has preceeded in examining and publishing research papers related to distribution field through indirectly or stimulating academic advancement. KODISA covers the whole fields in social science as well as in business administration and economics that associated with distribution field not limiting only within the range of distribution field. That is, the new subject that contributes to the progress in distribution field with original research can be a priority criteria in KODISA journal publication. Results - The major fields in papers published in KODISA can be categorized broadly as distribution field with economic and business administration point of view. Therefore, the distribution field with economic point of view includes the issues such as regulations, system, industry, market environment, distribution system, trade, and macroeconomics, etc. The business administration point of view in distribution includes distribution strategy, distribution organization, and distribution channel from the perspectives of the firm, etc. Conclusions - The aim of KODISA in 2020 is to be a global academic journal as SCI level of each journal in KODISA, JDS(Registration journal), IJIDB(Registration candidate), EAJBM(Registration candidate), JAFEB(Cabell's Registration journal). The KODISA journals have already settled as the largest academic society and journals of Korea in 2016 currently from humanities and social sciences area by the most gross in publication circulation, volumes, and types. Hereafter, KODISA will focus on the improvement for the objective indicators such as Impact Factor and Centrality index as qualitative growth as well as quantitative expansion. By doing so, KODISA will be a forum for developmental academic debate with attracting the world's greatest scholars' papers. Furthermore, they will be recognized journals and grow as the first-rate academic journals inside and outside of Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.444-455
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 혁신도시 정주환경 개선이 혁신도시의 발전과 성장에 기여한다는 측면에서, 혁신도시 정주환경에 대한 만족도를 조사하고 이를 통해 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 혁신도시 이전 공공기관 종사자들을 대상으로 물리적 특성(6개 문항), 사회적 특성(3개 문항), 시설적 특성(5개 문항), 경제적 특성(3개 문항), 전반적인 만족도(3개 문항)에 대해 조사하고 이를 토대로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 정주환경 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 정주환경에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 물리적 특성(자연환경 및 경관, 주거환경, 광역적 접근성, 대중교통)으로 나타났으며, 사회적 특성(이웃과의 관계), 시설적 특성(상업시설, 교육연구시설) 등이 유의한 요인으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 거주자의 인식에 기반하였다는 것과 설문조사 지역이 한정되어 있다는 한계가 있음에도 불구하고 향후 혁신도시 정주환경 개선을 위한 정책적 함의를 제공하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경보건학회 2001년도 Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of Yellow Sea Environment
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2001

Nutrients are key environmental factors in marine ecosystem. They limit algal growth when at low concentrations and cause algal bloom when at high contents. They also control the growth and succession of many other biota including bacteria and zooplankton, either directly or indirectly. Nutrient contents therefore affect both the structure and functions of marine ecosystem. To study the contents and distribution of nutrients in Chinese Bohai Sea, two cruise surveys were undertaken in August 2000 (summer) and January 2001 (winter), respectively. A total of 595 water samples were collected from 91 sites. After collection the samples were transported to the laboratory and five nutrients, i.e., nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate, were analyzed. The results showed that tile average concentration of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) in Bohai Sea in winter (6.5293.717 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/) was significantly higher than that in summer (3.717 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/). The phosphorus concentration in winter (0.660 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/) was also significantly higher than that in summer (0.329 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/). Mean silicate concentration in winter (7.858 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/) was not significantly different from that in summer (7.200 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/). Nutrients also varied considerable among different areas within Bohai Sea. TIN concentration in Laizhou Bay (4.444 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/), for example, was significantly higher than those in Bohai Bay (2.270 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/) and Bohai Straight (2.431 ${\mu}$mol$.$l$\^$-1/), which probably reflects tile discharge of large amounts of nitrogen into Laizhou Bay via Yellow River. The nutrients also showed vertical distribution pattern. In summer, nutrients in bottom layer were generally higher than those in surface and medium layers. In winter, however. nutrients in different layers were not significantly different Compared with historic data, TIN contents increased continuously since early 1980s, phosphorus arid silicone contents, nevertheless, fell down to some degree. Based on atomic ratios of different nutrients, nitrogen is still the main limiting factor for algal growth in Bohai Sea.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 1997

생육초기의 수분부족 장애에 대한 콩의 생리적 및 작물학적인 여러 형질들의 반응양상과 콩 품종들의 한발저항성을 구명하기 위하여 황금콩 등 8품종을 공시하고 생육초기반응에 대해서 토양 수분장력을 -0.3, -5및 -10bar로 달리하여 폿트를 이용한 토양재배를 하였던 바 그 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육초기 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애시는 모든 생육지표에서 생육을 감소시켰는데 특히 엽면적과 지상부건물중의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 토양수분 부족장애에 의한 생육감소의 품종간 차이는 절대엽면적이 큰 황금콩의 감소율이 높고, 엽면적이 작은 수원 9003가 감소율이 제일 작았다. 2. 엽중 proline 및 ABA 함량은 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애로 인해 현저히 증가하였는데, proline은 무처리구에 비해 -5 bar에서 26배내외, -10 bar에서 65배 내외 증가되었고 ABA는 각각 2.5배 및 2.9배 정도 증가되었는데, 품종들의 엽면적감소율 순위와 proline 또는 ABA 함량의 증가순위와는 일치하지 않았다. 3. 콩 생육초기 20일간 토양수분 부족장애 처리후 생육량 감소 정도와 수량의 무처리구 대비 백분율을 기준으로 품종을 구분하여 보면, 백운콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율이 작으면서 수량 감소율도 작은 품종이었으며, 팔달콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율은 크나 수량 감소율은 작은 품종이었고, Hodgson 78은 어느 형질이나 감소율이 큰 품종이었다. 4. 토양수분 부족장애가 없을 경우 수량이 높았던 장백콩과 남천콩은 토양 수분 부족장애로 인해 수량 감소율은 컸지만 수분부족 장애시에도 타품종들에 비해 수량이 높았다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제55권8호
• /
• pp.577-588
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 금강의 조류 성장에 대한 제한영양소와 수질에 영향을 미치는 주요 지류를 파악하고 수질개선을 위한 관리대안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 금강 대청댐 하류에 위치한 5개 수질측정소에서 약 8년간(2013~202) 환경부의 물환경정보시스템(water.nier.go.kr)과 수자원관리정보시스템(wamis.go.kr)에서 14개의 수질항목의 자료를 분석하였다. 금강의 4대강 수중보 수문 개방 시 TP(총인)와 수온은 하천 하류의 조류 성장에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에는 수질변수간의 상관관계를 규명하고 금강의 조류 성장에 영향을 미치는 중요인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 최하류에 위치한 백제보수질측정소(WQ5)에서 TP와 수온은 Chl-a와 특별히 높은 상관관계를 보여 조류 번식에 상당한 영향을 미친다는 것을 나타냈다. 또한 본 연구에서는 금강의 양대 지류인 갑천과 미호천의 주요 오염원을 식별하고 우선순위를 지정하기 위해 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis, PCA) 방법을 이 적용하였다. PCA방법을 이용하여 갑천과 미호천의 수질에 영얗ㅇ을 미치는 3대 오염원을 각각 파악하였다. 갑천의 경우 폐수처리장과 도시·농업 오염이 주요 오염원으로, 미호천의 경우 농지, 도시, 산림이 주요 오염원으로 각각 확인되었다. PCA는 금강 및 그 지류의 수질오염원을 구체적으로 파악하는 데 효과적인 것으로 판단되어 수질관리 전략의 효율을 제고하는 데에, 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.