• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2018

$TiO_2$-embedded expanded polystyrene (TiEPS) balls with powdered $TiO_2$ particles embedded on the surface of EPS were developed, and the growth inhibition of Chlorella ellipsoidea, a green algae, was evaluated. The experiment was conducted using four reactors with various conditions of (A) natural sunlight, (B) natural sunlight + TiEPS balls, (C) dark, and (D) dark + TiEPS balls on the roof of the building during five days. Based on the analysis of cell number, cell morphology, concentrations of chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments, both surface reactions in heterogeneous photocatalysis and light shielding could inhibit the growth of C. ellipsoidea. The highly reactive hydroxyl radicals ($OH{\cdot}$) from TiEPS balls degraded the lipid cell membrane through the peroxidation reaction with the light shielding, eventually resulting in cell inactivation. Although dominant inhibitory effects on the growth of C. ellipsoidea were ambiguous, TiEPS balls were feasible to prevent and inhibit the excessive growth of algae in eutrophic water body.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study was to observe the antibacterial effects of Sasangjasaebang (SSJSB) aqueous extracts, traditionally used for treating various gynecological diseases including vaginitis in Korea and their individual components - Cnidi Fructus(CF), Zanthoxyli Fructus(ZF) and Alumen(AL) against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018, and combination effects of SSJSB extracts and Metronidazole were also monitored in this study. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 of SSJSB (CF : ZF : AL = 10 : 3 : 3) aqueous extracts and their individual components were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at MIC and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The combination effects of SSJSB aqueous extracts and Metronidazole were observed by Checkboard Microtiter Assay and effects on bacterial growth curve treated with SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC + Metronidazole MIC, 1/2MIC and 1/4MIC, respectively. In the present study, Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 were incubated under $37^{\circ}C$, 10% CO2 and bacterial growth curves were calculated at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs after incubations. Results: MIC of CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders and SSJSB aqueous extracts against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 were detected as $27.5\;{\pm}\;13.693$(12.5~50), $6.875\;{\pm}\;3.423$(3.125~12.5), $4.375\;{\pm}\;1.713$(3.125~6.25) and $2.188\;{\pm}\;0.856(1.563{\sim}3.125)mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. MIC of Metronidazole was detected as $7.6\;{\pm}\;5.367(2{\sim}16){\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at same conditions. In addition, Metronidazole, CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders, and SSJSB aqueous extracts showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and more dramatical inhibitions were detected in Metronidazole 1/2 MIC + SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with each of single Metronidazole MIC and SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatments, respectively. Especially, quite similar inhibitory effects on bacterial growth were detected in Metronidazole 1/4 MIC + SSJSB aqueous extracts MIC treatment as compared with single Metronidazole MIC treatment in the present study. FIC index were detected as $0.475\;{\pm}\;0.137$(0.375~0.625) at Checkboard Microtiter Assay. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that CF aqueous extracts, ZF aqueous extracts, AL powders, and SSJSB aqueous extracts showed antibacterial effects against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018, and they also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. More potent antibacterial effects were detected in SSJSB aqueous extract as compared with individual components, respectively. In addition, combination treatment of SSJSB aqueous extract and Metronidazole showed more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gardnerella vaginalis with FIC index $0.475\;{\pm}\;0.137$(0.375~0.625). According to these results, the combination of SSJSB aqueous extract and Metronidazole is synergistic, and it is expected that effective dosages of Metronidazole could be reduced to 1/4 levels in combination with SSJSB extracts. And it might be needed to make further studies to seek the herbs which have antibacterial effects on the Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.285-294
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• 1994

본 실험은 포장에서 주로 발생하는 velvetleaf등을 비롯하여 7종류의 잡초를 마른 상태와 생체상태로 각각 수확하여 지상부와 지하부로 나누어 물질을 추출 이들을 alfalfa 종자 발아와 생육정도 검정에 사용하여 지상부와 지하부의 생육억제정도를 비교하였으며 이 중 억제효과가 제일 큰 velvet-leaf의 추출물은 여러 농도로 silica sand와 혼합하여 alfalfa에 대한 타감작용을 검토하였다. 1. 7종류 잡초의 지상부와 지하부의 추출물 처리는 alfalfa의 발아율, 발아세, 유근의 길이, 무게 등을 억제시켰다. 지상부와 지하부의 억제효과를 비교하면 지상부의 추출물이 지하부의 추출물 보다 더 큰 타감작용을 보였으며, 이 중에서 velvetleaf 추출물이 가장 억제적이었고, crab-grass 추출물은 가장 낮은 억제 정도를 보였다. 또 alfalfa 발아와 유근의 생육에 대한 velvetleaf의 건조 추출물과 생체 추출물을 비교하면 건조 추출물이 더 억제적이었다. 2. 농도에 따르는 velvetleaf 추출물 처리에서는 농도가 증가할수록 alfalfa 발아율, 유근의 길이, 무게 등이 대조구와 비교하여 상대적으로 더 억제되었다. 3. 건조된 velvetleaf 잔기를 silica sand와 혼합처리에서 잔기의 비율이 증가 될수록 alfalfa의 출현율과 생존율이 더 억제되었으며 그 정도는 잔기 비율 1%에서 가장 억제적이었다. 4. 잡초의 추출물과 잔기의 처리는 alfalfa의 발아와 생육에 억제적으로 작용 하여 타감작용이 인정되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and cancer cell growth inhibitory effects of woorimil contained herb and seaweed powders were examined. While woorimil itself showed only 40% antimutagenic effect on S. typhymurium TA98 against 4NQO(0.15 g/plate), water extracts of mountain herbs and seweeds including Comfrey, wormwood, Kale, Angelica utilis and pine leaves showed 80~90% antimutagenicity. On the other hand, these extracts along with woorimil showed 68 to 80% antimutagenic activities. Low antimutagenic activities of less than 50% were shown when these extracts were tested on TA98 against Trp P 1(0.5 g/plate), but high antimutagenic activities of 80~93.3% were shown on TA100. Water extracts of Capsella bursa pastoris and Allium grayi exhibited 60~80% of the activites in cytotoxicity tests of woorimil water extracts(0.5mg/ml) on human lung carcinoma cell. A549 showed 10% cell growth inhibitory effect. When mixed with Comfrey and Angelica utilis extracts, it showed 23~25% inhibition and other extracts showed only 12~23% inhibition. Cytotoxicity test of woorimil extracts on human liver cancer cell Hep3B revealed 20% inhibition. The additions of pine needle extracts, Angelica utilis and Comfrey showed 33%, 29% and 25% inhibition, respectively. But other extracts showed only 20% inhibition.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1270-1276
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• 2002

Compounds 1 - 12 were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against tumor cell lines using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assays and antimicrobial activity. The cytotoxic activity of methyl-4-[{(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl}oxy]-3-methoxy benzoate (1) exhibit more active than that of 5-fluorouracil (11) on human oral epithelioid carcinoma (KB, ATCC No. OCL 17) cell lines. But this compound (1) on human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-3, HBT 69) cell lines shows less active than that of adriamycin (12). However, compound 9 showed the antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (MIC, 15.625 ㎍/㎖), S. aureus, C. albicans (MIC, 31.25 ㎍/㎖), S. mutans, S. typhimurium, P. putida (MIC. 125 ㎍/㎖) and P. aeruginosa (MIC, 500 ㎍/㎖).

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Objectives : Biological activities of marine resources have been rarely evaluated compared with other herbal medicines. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of five marine resources(Porphyra tenera, Laminariae Thallus, Sargassum, Ostreae Concha, Maliotidis Concha) against Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : Aqueous axtracts of five marine resources were prepared by decocting in tenfold tap water for 3 h. Etanolic extracts were obtained by extracting five marine resources with tenfold ethanol for 72 h at room temperature. The zone of growth inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined against P. acnes after incubation for 48 h under anaerobic condition. Results : Ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera exhibited potent antimicrobial effects(MIC $62.5\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC3320, MIC $31.25\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ against KCTC5527). However, all aqueous extracts tested had no effects on the growth inhibition of P. acnes. In addition, four ethanolic extracts except Porphyra tenera showed little inhibitory effect. Conclusions : These results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Porphyra tenera has antimicrobial activities against P. acnes and also warrant further development of Porphyra tenera extracts as a natural anti-acne agent.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2023

The fungus Alternaria alternata, responsible for causing brown to black spotting on numerous fruits and vegetables globally, was identified in 2022 as the causative pathogen of brown spot disease in potatoes in Korea. In pursuing potential inhibitors against A. alternata growth, we evaluated 15 mushroom culture filtrates: eight from Trametes spp. and seven from Polyporus spp., known for their antibacterial and anticancer properties. Antifungal activity was assessed by exposing each filtrate to A. alternata on a paper disc. Four filtrates displayed inhibitory action against the fungus, albeit with mild effects. Our findings highlight the potential of Trametes and Polyporus fungi as emerging antifungal candidates, offering promise in preventing potato brown spots.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1971

This experiment was performed to study the effects of radioactive phosphorus($^{32}p$) on the growth of chick embryo and young chick. Radioactive phosphorus($^{32}p$) was administered into the yolk sac of chick embryo in doses of 2 uci/gm and 1 uci/gm and was administered intraperitoneally to the young chick in doses of 1 uci/gm and 0.5 uci/gm. The chick embryos were sacrificed on 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th day and the chicks were sacrificed on 1st, 3rd, 6th and 10th day after the administration and the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, eye ball and femur were weighed to observe the effects of growth inhibition on them. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A marked growth inhibitory effect was found on 8th, 9th and 10th day after the administration of $^{32}p$ in chick embryos and the same effect was found on 6 th and 10 th day after the administration in chicks. 2. The growth of the liver, kidney, spleen and femur was inhibited markedly but the brain and eye ball were not affected in chick embryos and chicks.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of calcium against intestinal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We first investigated the effects of calcium treatment in HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the concentration range of 0.8-2.4 mM, calcium significantly inhibited cell growth (by 9-29%), attachment (by 12-26%), invasion (by 15-31%), and migration (by 19-61%). An immunofluorescence microscope analysis showed that the treatment with calcium (1.6 mM) for 24 h increased plasma membrane ${\beta}$-catenin but decreased nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin levels in HT29 cells. We then investigated the effect of dietary calcium on intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Mice received dietary treatment starting at 6 weeks of age for the consecutive 8 weeks. The basal control diet contained high-fat (20% mixed lipids by weight) and low-calcium (1.4 mg/g diet) to mimic the average Western diet, while the treatment diet contained an enriched level of calcium (5.2 mg calcium/g diet). The dietary calcium treatment decreased the total number of small intestinal tumors (by 31.4%; P < 0.05). The largest decrease was in tumors which were ${\geq}$ 2 mm in diameter, showing a 75.6% inhibition in the small intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly reduced nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin (expressed as nuclear positivity), but increased plasma membrane staining of ${\beta}$-catenin, in the adenomas from the calcium-treated groups in comparison to those from the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate intestinal cancer inhibitory effects of calcium both in human colon cancer cells and $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. The decreased ${\beta}$-catenin nuclear localization caused by the calcium treatment may contribute to the inhibitory action.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

The role of phospholipase ($A_2\;PLA_2$) in tumor cell growth was investigated using SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells. 4-Bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and mepacrine (Mep), known $PLA_2$ inhibitors, suppressed growth of the tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner without a significant cytotoxicity. Melittin (Mel), a $PLA_2$ activator, enhanced the cell growth in a concentration-dependent fashion. The growth-enhancing effects of Mel were significantly reversed by the co-treatment with $PLA_2$ inhibitors. In addition, Mel induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores like as did serum, a known intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ agonist in the tumor cells. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release induced by these agonists was significantly blocked by $PLA_2$ inhibitors at growth-inhibitory concentrations. Arachidonic acid (AA), a product of the $PLA_2-catalyzed$ reaction, induced cell growth enhancement and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release. These effects of AA were significantly blocked by BAPTA/AM, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator. Taken together, these results suggest that the modulation of $PLA_2$ activity may be one of the regulatory mechanisms of cell growth in human neuroblastoma cells. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ may act as a key mediator in the $PLA_2-induced$ growth regulation.