• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 1995

Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride(TCC) reduction test is simple and sensitive to some residual antibiotics (especially to penicillin) in milk, but comparatively insensible to sulfo-namides. The volumn of sample is also large. Thus this study was undertaken to increase the detectable level of sulfonamides in raw milk. In this study, we used small transparent plastic hole and pulp disc instead of 10m1 test tube and made test medium in which was added 0.08%TTC, 0.3% agar, 10% skim milk, approximately $10^6$ CFU/ml streptococcus thermophilus and 5ppm Trimethoprim to enhance the sensitivity for sulfonamides The results of TCC reduction test by disc plate method were summarized as follows : 1. sensitivity to residual sulfonamides were much higher than official TCC reduction test. Detectable limites of sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole, sulfachloropy-ridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamononethoxine, sulfadiazine and sulfaquinoxaline were 0.1-0.5ppm levels. 2. Detectable limites to some antibiotics were simillar or good than that of official method as 0.005-0.1ppm to three ${\beta}$ -lactams, 0.25-0.5ppm to one macrolide, 2-10ppm to three aminoglycosides, 0.2-0.5ppm to three tetracycline, 0.1-0.5ppm to chloramphenicol. 3. Only 0.1ml of milk was needed to test and the test medium could be stored appnoximatly 7days in the refrigerator. So test procedure was convenient than offcial method. 4. These results suggest that disc plate method is more useful to detect bacterial growth inhibition substances including sulfonamides in raw milk.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

We prepared extracts from bark, leaf and fruit of Sorbus commixta Hedl using by water and ethanol. To test for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity on extracts, we used Rec assay and Ames test. The result of Rec assay, the extracts of the Sorbus commixta Hedl did not show a DNA-damage activity. The results of Ames test were provided that extracts of Sorbus commixta Hedl showed $43{\sim}73\;%$ antimutagenic activities. In the inhibition ratio of the growth of several human cancer cells (A549, HepG2, MCF7), 91% of MCF7 cell growth, 94% of A549 cell growth and 91% HepG2 cell growth were inhibited by adding 1mg/ml of fruit ethanol extracts, bark ethanol extracts and fruit ethanol extracts, respectively. There was a little cytotoxicity on human normal hephatocyte (WRL68), extracts(1mg/ml) showed over the 70% survival.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The antifungal activity of the essential oil fraction from Thymus magus, and its major component thymol, against Candida albicans was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The combined effects of the oils and clotrimazole, a commonly used antifungal drug for treatment of external candidiasis, were evaluated in this study. In experimental vaginal candidiasis the essential oil fraction of T. magnus resulted in relatively milder inhibition of fungal growth following the inoculation of test mice compared to clotrimazole. However, new fungal growth was not detected up to 12 days after cessation of treatment. In contrast, in a similar experiment using clotrimazole, C. albicans was detected in the $12^{th}$ day post-treatment with the sample. This result indicates that T. magnus oil could be a promising drug to control vaginal candidiasis. In checkerboard titer tests, the combination of clotrimazole with the essential oil fraction of T. magus or T. quinquecostatus resulted in significant synergism, with FIC indices between 0.14 and 0.27 against C. albicans, while clotrimazole combined with thymol, the major component of these oils, produced only an additive effect, with FIC indices ranging between 0.50 and 1.00. Thus, the prominent synergistic effects of clotrimazole combined with T. magus essential oil indicate that these compounds may be an effective treatment for C. albicans infections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.701-709
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• 2005

An efficient method of selecting an antagonistic strain for use as a biological control agent strain was developed. In this improved method, the surface tension reduction potential of an isolate was included in the 'decision factor,' in addition to two other factors; the growth rate and pathogen inhibition. By using a statistically designed method, an isolate from the soil was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. GB 16. In the pot test, this strain showed the best performance among the isolated strains. The lowest disease incidence rate and fastest seed growth were observed when the Bacillus sp. GB 16 was used. The action of the surface tension reducing component was assumed to enhance the wetting, spreading, and residing of the antagonistic strain in the rhizosphere. This result showed that the improved selection method was quite effective in selecting the best antagonistic strain for the biological control of soilborne infectious plant pathogens.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1991

Bacteriocin-producing microorganisms were screened from raw milk and tested their antimicrobial activities against Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 as target organism, Antimicrobial substances isolated showed broad antimicrobial spectra against Gram positives and negatives. Strain 1112-1 was selected as a test organism due to its highest antimicrobial activity among the isolates. Antimicrobial substance produced by 1112-1 completely suppressed the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum at 230 IUIml and showed 11% growth inhibition of E. coli at 500 IUIrnl level. The antimicrobial substance was found to be proteinaceous material which was inactivated by carboxypeptidase, elastase, alpha amylase, amyloglucosidase, pronase, protease IV, alpha chymotrypsin, ficin, cellulase, phosphatase and lipase. The molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE as 5,900. The isolate 1112-1 was identified as one of the related strains of Lactococcus sp. The strain was different from Lactococcus lactis in the following characteristics: late positive in maltose and sucrose fermentation; positive in mannitol and salicin fermentation; negative in lactose fermentation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

A growth inhibition assay using Chlorella sp. AG 10002 based on the OECD 201 standard test procedure was applied to the toxicity testing of endosulfan and its reported metabolites. Comparison of dry cell weight, optical density (OD) at 680 nm, and chlorophyll a concentration indicated that optical density at 680 nm of culture broth is convenient, rapid, and accurate method for cell growth. In this microalgae system, the $IC_{50}$ values of endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan lactone, and endosulfan ether were determined as 9.45, 18.8, 18.2 and 37.5 mg/L, respectively. In a while, endosulfan diol did not show a significant toxicity up to 50 mg/L. Since endosulfan is liable at acidic or alkaline conditions, treatment of endosulfan in pH 3, 4, and 11 for 3 days resulted in reduced toxicity, as expected. These results suggested that the microalgae system is useful to evaluate various toxic chemicals and provide a new notion for bioremediation of endosulfan in aqueous systems.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.25-42
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• 2007

Purpose : Uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) are benign smooth muscle tumors originating from the myometrium. These benign neoplasms of monoclonal origin are typically diagnosed during the reproductive years, occurring only after puberty and tending to regress after menopause. In the present study we used Chiljehyangbu-hwan to determine its growth inhibitory effect and apoptosis in human uterine leiomyoma cells. Methods : Primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells were treated with Chiljehyangbu-hwan. Cell viability analysis was analyzed by MTS assay and FACS was performed to ascertain the effects Chiljehyangbu-hwan. DNA fragmentation analysis and casapase-3 activity test were done. Expression of apoptosis related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results : Cell viability was significantly influenced by Chiljehyangbu-hwan treatment in a dose-dependent manner in leiomyoma cells compare to normal myometrial cells. FACS showed that Chiljehyangbu-hwan induced Sub G1 arrest. DNA fragmentation assay was carried out and apoptosis was detected. Activation of caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-2, with concomitant increased expression in Bid and Bax were observed. Chiljehyangbu-hwan treatment of uterine leiomyoma cells resulted in a concentration-dependent cell death induced via the mitochondrial pathway.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated antimutagenic and anticancer activities of leaf mustard (LM, Brassica juncea) and leaf mustard kimchi (LMK) during their fermentation period. Methanol extracts were prepared from raw mustard, brined leaf mustard in 10% Gueun salt solution for 2 hrs, leaf mustard fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 5 days after brined in 10% Guenun salt solution for 2 hrs (Fr-LM), fresh leaf mustard kimchi (Fresh-LMK) and optimally ripened leaf mustard kimchi fermented at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days (OR-LMK). OR-LMK showed the strongest inhibitory activities against the mutagenicities induced by aflatoxin B1 in Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. LMs and LMKs inhibited the survival or growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells in MTT assay and growth inhibition test. Among the extracts, OR-LMK and FR-LM exhibited strong antiproliferative effect against cancer cells, especially HT-29 cells. DAPI staining assay showed that OR-LMK induced apoptosis cell death of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that leaf mustards and leaf mustard kimchi have chemopreventive activities.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to test the control effect of methanol extracts of 10 medicinal plants on apple storage diseases caused by Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Glomerella cingulata and Penicillium expansum. Out of the 10 medicinal plants, methanol extracts of Coptis japonica and Anemarrhena asphodeloides inhibited effectively the mycelial growth of B. berengeriana, G. cingulata and P. expansum in vitro, for which the inhibition ratios of the two plant extracts were 100.0% and 89.3%, 73.7% and 94.1%, and 100.0% and 51.6%, respectively. Spore germination of the three fungi was inhibited 100% only by C. japonica extract, but only P. expansum was inhibited 100% by A. asphodeloides extract. No lesion was formed y the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to 2 weeks after inoculation. Lesion sizes produced by the three fungi at the temperature ranges of 1$0^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and infection of B. berengeriana and G. cingulata were inhibited by C. japonica extract, but not by A. asphodeloides extract, while no lesion was formed by the fungi at 5$^{\circ}C$. Infections of the fungi on apples were somewhat stimulated by A. asphodeloides extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2020

The CHCl₃ fraction of the MeOH extract of Ganoderma gibbosum (Ganodermataceae) exhibited cytotoxic activity on five cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SK-hep1, A549, HCT116, and SNU638). Six highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids (lanostanoids) were isolated by column chromatography to test cytotoxicity on cancer cells. The five known lanostanoids were identified as gibbosic acids A, B, D, G, and H by comparison of molecular ion peaks with the literature data. The structure of a new lanostanoid, gibbosic acids I, was identified to be 3β,8β,15β,20S-tetrahydroxy-7,12,23-trioxolanost-9(11)-en-26-oic acid on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopy. The three lanostanoids of gibbosic acids A, H, and I of the six isolates significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cells. In particular, the IC₅₀ of gibbosic acid H was prominently low ranging from 2.64-6.56 μM.