• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Today a consumer is confused and he looks only for values in relation to the prices spent by him/her in the buying process. He/She relates value in terms product pricing, brand value, his experiences etc. This therefore gives a vast scope for organized retailing that can make products available as per the aspirations of the consumer. For these organized retailers, Shopping Malls are acting as a catalyst and helping them to enhance their growth all over the country. They are providing them the required infrastructure and also helping them to achieve a faster growth. The present study is therefore done visualizing the opportunities available in the Indian market and the issues faced by the mushrooming of Malls in Indian metropolitan cities making their survival difficult due to cut-throat competition. This is also resulting in poor occupation and is not able to find neither the right rentals nor the footfalls.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1976

To evaluate growth pattern of barley, dry matter productions of two barley varieties with different winter habits were compared under same temperature and day length conditions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this was to present the efficient directions of nutrition education for elementary school children. We examined the problems of eating habits. nutrition knowledge, and perception and expectations on nutrition education of elementary school children in school. This study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire and subjects were 562 elementary school children in Gyeonggi Province. All data in this research was analyzed through SAS program, and the frequency$(\%)$ and the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ on each question were calculated. Data for each group was analyzed according to sex and the difference among the groups were treated for significance by using chi-square test and Student t-test. About $87.6\%$ of the children have a meal over three times a day, and $76.7\%$ answered that they ate at a certain time regularly everyday. Only $69.6\%$ of subjects said that they ate breakfast everyday, showing very high levels of skipping breakfast. The most common frequency of eating snacks was 'once a day' in both sexes(male $52.2\%$, female $48.6\%$). In the perception on the eating habits, $69.3\%$ of children recognized problems on dieting habits, such as unbalanced diet. irregular eating time, and overeating. The perceived and correct knowledge of nutrition were $99.5\%$ and $86.9\%$, respectively. Most of the children$(99.1\%)$ acknowledged that nutrition education need to be carried out in school. And children want to deeply deal with 'cooking', 'growth and nutrition', 'good eating habits', 'nutrition and disease', These results indicated that elementary school children tended to have undesirable eating behaviors, but the rate of children who recognize the importance and the needs of nutrition education in school was high. Therefore, their parents and teachers need to perform continuous education through a curriculum and life instruction so that students have healthy habits by considering what the problems of nutrition habits are, as the elementary students considerably recognize problems of their own dietary habits and needs of nutrition education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.86-117
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• 1988

The purpose of school lunch service programs (SLPs) is to provide school children with nutritious meals each day, to assist them in improving their mental and physical development, to make them understand the basic knowledge needed for healthy daily living throughout their lives with sound nutritional habits, and further, to enhance the national health status as well as the individual. The major purpose of this study is to describe the history and current status and promotional plans in Korea's SLSPs to improve the nation's health status. The major findings of this study are as follow: 1) The progression of the SLSPs can be devided into four major periods: Relief (1953-1972), Self-supportive (1973-1977), System-establishment (1973-1983), System-development(1984- ). 2) As result of the implementation of SLSPs in Korea, many positive effects have been found in school education, notably in the field of physical growth, social development and personality cultivation. 3) This study deals with a more detailed assessment with regard to the effects of the program on school education activities and the improvement of nutritional habits in the family. Although it is limited and not yet complete, the program implementation has contributed to the improvement in children's food-intake habits, understanding of food, and manners, and increased sanitary consciousness. It has also affected of parent's concerns and attitudes towards the improvement of daily meals as well as national eating patterns, and eventually provided motivation for increased farm production of nutritious food stuffs and reasonable food consumption. 4) The SLSPs does have its stare of problem such as an unsatisfactory budget, lack of understanding of the program by school personnel and parents. However, there is no doubt that the SLSPs should be carried out effectively for better health, and especially for the growth and development of the children. Finally, the problems and promotive Plans of the SLSPs can be approached by aspects of the administrative, financial and operational systems. These system have to coordinate with relevant authorities to expand participation in the program for the successful implementation of the SLSPs. The eventual objective this study is to propose ways and means for mobilizing every available element in the effort to attain the goals of educating and training healthy and competent personnel manpower, stabilizing the demand and supply of food and the ensuring adequate coordination of national food production and consumption.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.554-559
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• 1991

The maizes used in the study were three inbreds and a hybrid which were developed by Choe et al. Chungnam National University, All the maizes used were found to tillered in Korea. But under certain environmental conditions. the tillering maizes were either less tillered or not tillered, The objective of the study was then to clarify the effects of temperature on the tillering habits of maize. For the study, maize was grown in temperature controlled growth cabinets under four different temperature regimes (15,20,25 and 3$0^{\circ}C$) for 30 days. Each maize plant was grown in a pot(20cm diameter). The initiation of tillers were accelerated at low temperature. Especially the number of tillers per plant was highest under 2$0^{\circ}C$ regime regardless of the inbreds or hybrid. The tillering habits of maize were rather decelerated by high temperature, although high temperature promoted the plant growth.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current growth via Growth indices, Obesity indices, Metabolic risk factors of Multicultural Families' Children in Dae-jeon area. Methods 5 to 12 year old children from 56 multicultural families were enrolled in this study, and were examined their bone age and body composition, and have received blood tests. Results 1. In Growth indices, average height percentile was $53.64{\pm}25.59%$. The AHP and MPH respectively, were converted into 20 years old adult height percentile, AHP of a girls was 40 percentile and MPH was 19 percentile, AHP of boys was 57 percentile and MPH was 21 percentile. 2. In Obesity indices, average of BMI pecentile was $44.16{\pm}29.52$; low-weight group (6 boys, 4 girls), normal-weight group (20 boys, 18 girls), over-weight group (8 girls). Average PWH was $100.51{\pm}15.66%$; low-weight group (9 boys, 5 girls), normal-weight group (14 boys, 15 girls), over-weight group (3 boys, 5 girls), obesity group (5 girls). 3. The results of the relationship between Growth indices and Obesity indices, 1) As RH percentile in boys was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. Similarly, as RH percentile in girls was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. 2) As skeletal maturity in boys was increased, BMI percentile was also increased. As skeletal maturity in girls was increased, AHP-MPH was decreased but had no significant differences. Conclusions Current growth of children in multicultural families was above the average when compared to that of average children in the same age. It was predicted that the boys' height were still above the average adult height, but the girls' height were below the average. Also this study showed that girls were more prone to be overweight than boys, thus requiring more intensive management and training in regards to eating habits and exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1980

For the purpose of ascertaining the status of physical growth and food habit of obese children, a study was made of 1086 primary school children ranging between 2nd and 3ra grades living in Kwang-ju City in Korea. 66 subjects were selected from an anthropometrical point of view and they were classified into two groups, an obese group and a control group, according to their relative body weight. Food habits of each group were observed by means of questionnaires. In the statistical analysis of the data, percentage calculation and T-score test were used. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1) Viewed from relative body weight, 3.0% of the 1,086 subjects turned out to be obese, and the measure of skinfold showed 2.4%. 2) Physical growth of the obese growth is superior to that of the control group in all aspects. 3) The average score of food preference by means of Hedonic scaling method by the obese group is 3.90, while that of food preference by the control group is 3.76. The most favored food by the obese group is ice cream (4.91), while that of most favored food by the control group is banana (4.75). The statistically meaningful foods of the two groups are cucumber (0.02>p>0.01), orange (p<0.02), peach(0.05>p>0.02), watermelon (p <0.01) and ice cream (p<0.01). The score of food preference for protein foods by the obese group is 3.78 and that of food preference by the control group is 3.57(0.05>p>0.02). The excessive food intake per meal of the obese group is 45.4%, while that of the control group is 19.7% (0.05>p>0.02). Ratio of taking severely unbalanced food by the obese group is 15.1%, while that of the control group is 50.0% (p<0.01). 4) 30.3% of mothers of the obese group is fat, while 15.1% of mothers of the control group is fat (p<0.01). Concerning body weight at birth, 90.9% of the obese group and 63.6% of the control group are above-average weight. (p <0.01). From the results shown above, the obesity in children is almost due to food. It is hoped, therefore, that overeating be discouraged through the nutrition education.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.640-648
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• 2006

The distribution and status of naturalized plants in Jeju Island were investigated in this study. As results, the naturalized plants in Jeju Island were total of 254 taxa including 47 families, 161 genera, 248 species and 6 varieties. By the growth habits, annuals held the most percentage including 107 taxa (42.13%). Seventy nine taxa (31.1%) were appeared to have erect type in growth forms and 203 taxa (79.9%) are non-clonal growth form in disseminule forms by radicoid. The most of dormancy form in life form were therophytes as 150 taxa (59%), and following as 53 taxa (20.9%) for hemicryptophytes, and 26 taxa(10.2%) for geophytes. Among the naturalized plants, 115 taxa (36.7%) were originated from Europe, 69 taxa (22%) from Asia and 59 taxa (18.8%) from North America. Twenty eight percent of them were introduced as feeds or mixed seeds of imported cereals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2009

The Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards) is an important fishery resource in Korea. Despite its common occurrence and commercial importance, few studies have been carried out on the life cycle and trophic ecology of these populations inhabiting on the tidal flat. Food habits of C. japonica populations were investigated on the Jangbong tidal flat, Incheon, Korea. Monthly samples were taken using a modified otter trawl from November 1999 to January 2001. Based on the examination of stomach contents from 257 individuals, the frequencies of occurrence and the relative volumes of food items were analysed. As a result, the crustaceans (the brachyura, the cirripedia and the harpacticoid copepoda), the echinoderms (the ophiuroidea) and the molluscs (the cephalopoda Loligo beka, the bivalves Bivalvia unid. and Mytilus galloprovincialis) were important food for this species. To examine ontogenetic shifts in diets, individuals of C. japonica were categorized into 2 different size classes (${\leq}60mm$ and ${\geq}61mm$ in carapace width) representing sexually premature and mature stages. The food items of the small crabs (${\leq}60mm$) were dominated by the crustaceans with the harpacticoid copepods constituting 84.6% of total prey number. The next group was the bivalves and the brachyurans. On the other hand, the large crabs (${\geq}61mm$) mainly feed on the bivalvia (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Bivalvia unid.), the brachyurans (Crab unid.) and occasionally the cephalopods and fishes. The difference in proportions of the main prey items among these two size classes was statistically significant. Therefore, the feeding habits of the portunid crab, C. japonica changed with growth.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.795-804
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop of nutritional education activities and effect evaluation in related curriculums for all Dongbu Elementary School children in Jinhae by the teacher in charge. This educational purpose was to build a desirable dietary behavior for optimal growth and health in elementary school children. The educational program contents were developed according to 1) selection of content related curriculums 2) analysis of contents related on dietary habits by grade 3) preparation teaching plans to build desirable dietary habits 4) development of teaching manual by turns. Twelve hours of nutrition education at all school classes were done from March 2 to December 10 2004 in Dongbu Elementary School in Jinhae, Gyeongnam. The education effects were evaluated through the questionnaire surveys before and after the education and their comparative analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows : Forty percent of the underweight group, $22.8\%$ of the normal group, $42.2\%$ of the obese group had the wrong perceptions on their body figures, but after nutrition education $80.5\%$ of the underweight group, $94.3\%$ of the normal group, $97.9\%$ of the obese group gleaned the correct perceptions on their body figures (p < 0.001). As the effects of the education, the subjects who exercise more than 3 times in a week increased in all groups (p < 0.01-0.001), notably in the obese group. Meal regularity (p < 0.001) , skipping meals (p < 0.001), eating rate and snack selection patterns (p < 0.01-p < 0.001) also improved by nutrition education. We could also observe the effects of the nutrition education through the affirmative statements which appeared in their dietary records. These results showed a possibility of nutrition education activities in related curriculums to improve in dietary habits of school children. Next year, we will start with the system of nutrition teachers in elementary school, but nutrition teacher cannot undertake the task of teaching and food service management alone. Because of that, we intend to develop this program as an alternative proposal for the nutrition education in elementary schools. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) $795\∼804$, 2005)