• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 1994

Gingival hyperplasia is frequently associated with the long-term use of phenytoin for control of convulsive disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate on the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to phenytoin-induced cell activity in human gingival fibroblast. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured form the healthy gingiva of orthodontic patients. Gingival fibroblasts were trypsinized and transferred to the weels of microtest plates. Fibroblast were cultured in growth medium added $5{\mu}g/ml$ of phenytoin, $5{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS, $10^{-7}M$ of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. The passage number of cultured fibroblasts were fifth and eight. Cell morphology was examined by inverted microscope and the cell activity was measured by proliferation assay. Ursolic acid significantly modulated cell morphology into globular shape at the concentrantion of $10^{-7}M$ in the presence of phenytoin and LPS, and the cell activity was significantl decreased by ursolic acid or oleanolic acid regardless of the presence of phenytoin and LPS. These results suggested that the increased phenytoin-induced cell activity might be modulated by ursolic acid regardless of the presence of phenytoin and LPS. These results suggested that the increased phenytoin-induced cell activity might be modulated by ursolic acid or oleanolic acid. Further study is needed to clarify their toxicological effects on cellular modulation and mRNA expression change.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2002

Lowe syndrome, also known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder involving eyes, kidney and nervous system, and occurs predominantly in mostly males. The patients with Lowe syndrome are characterized with prominent forehead, thin and sparse hair, protruding ears, congenital cataracts, glaucoma, mental retardation, stunted growth, hypotonia, decrease in muscle mass and tendon reflexes, renal tubular dysfunction, and metabolic bone disease. A 6-year-old boy with Lowe syndrome was admitted to our clinic, with multiple caries and a chief complaint of intermittent pain on the left mandibular molar area. Because of difficulty in management of behavior and his medical problem, general anesthesia was performed for dental care. No specific complication was noticed during dental treatment procedure under general anesthesia and also during periodic recall-checks. General anesthesia itself, however, could be a potentially life-threatening procedure due to patient's biomedical problems. When a dental procedure under general anesthesia is to be required in patient with Lowe syndrome, it may be advisable being teamed with physicians, and general anesthesia duration should be as short as possible.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder which affects millions of population worldwide. Global estimates published in 2010 reported the world diabetic prevalence as 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults. Foot ulceration and wound infection are major forms of disabilities arising from diabetic diseases. This study was aimed to develop a natural antimicrobial finishing on medical grade textile that meets American Association of Textiles Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) standard. The textile samples were finished with the ethanolic extract of Penicillium amestolkiae elv609, an endophytic fungus isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (common name: cat's whiskers). Endophyte is defined as microorganism that reside in the living plant tissue, without causing apparent disease symptom to the host. The antimicrobial efficacy of the ethanolic extract of P. minioluteum was tested on clinical pathogens isolated from diabetic wound. The extract exhibited significant inhibitory activity against 4 bacteria and 1 yeast with the minimal inhibitory concentration ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The results indicate different susceptibility levels of the test microorganism to the ethanolic extract. However, the killing activity of the extract was concentration-dependent. The finished medical textile showed excellent antimicrobial efficacy on AATCC test assays. All the microbial cultures treated with the textile sample displayed a growth reduction of 99.9% on Hoheinstein Challenge Test. The wash durability of the finished textile was found good even after 50 washes with commercial detergent. Besides, the gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that 6-octadecenoic acid and diethyl phthalate were the main bioactive constituents of the extract. In conclusion, the developed medical textile showed good antimicrobial efficacy on laboratory tests. This work can be extended to in vivo trials for developing healthcare textile products for antimicrobial applications.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2010

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 4-12% of chool-age children worldwide and is characterized by three core symptoms: hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Although standard pharmacological treatments, such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, are available, concerns about drug-induced psychological and cardiovascular problems, as well as growth retardation and sleep disturbances, highlight the continuing need for new therapeutic interventions. Using a neonatal hypoxia-induced hyperactivity model in rats, the potential positive role that oral administration of red ginseng extract may have in relation to the hyperactive phenotype was investigated. Hypoxia was induced in 2-day-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups by placing them in a nitrogen chamber for 15 min. The neonatal hypoxia-induced rats showed a significant increase in hyperactivity phenotype, such as increased movement duration, movement distance, and rearing frequency, which was determined by monitoring their spontaneous locomotor activity using the Ethovision video tracking system. One week of oral treatment with red ginseng extract decreased the hyperactivity phenotype of the neonatal hypoxia-induced rats and increased the locomotor activity of the control rats. In the neonatal hypoxia-induced rats, expression of the norepinephrine transporter in the forebrain was increased, and red ginseng treatment partially prevented its up-regulation, while increasing its level in the control rats. Taken together, these results suggest that red ginseng extract decreased the neonatal hypoxia-induced hyperactivity phenotype, although it increased locomotor activity in normal animals.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2014

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder related to insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors also contribute to the development of MetS, and through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), important susceptibility loci have been identified. However, GWASs focus more on individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), explaining only a small portion of genetic heritability. To overcome this limitation, pathway analyses are being applied to GWAS datasets. The aim of this study is to elucidate the biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MetS through pathway analysis. Cohort data from the Korea Associated Resource (KARE) was used for analysis, which include 8,842 individuals (age, $52.2{\pm}8.9years$ ; body mass index, $24.6{\pm}3.2kg/m^2$). A total of 312,121 autosomal SNPs were obtained after quality control. Pathway analysis was conducted using Meta-analysis Gene-Set Enrichment of Variant Associations (MAGENTA) to discover the biological pathways associated with MetS. In the discovery phase, SNPs from chromosome 12, including rs11066280, rs2074356, and rs12229654, were associated with MetS (p < $5{\times}10^{-6}$), and rs11066280 satisfied the Bonferroni-corrected cutoff (unadjusted p < $1.38{\times}10^{-7}$, Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.05). Through pathway analysis, biological pathways, including electron carrier activity, signaling by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade, PDGF binding, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, and DNA repair, were associated with MetS. Through pathway analysis of MetS, pathways related with PDGF, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and PPAR signaling, as well as nucleic acid binding, protein secretion, and DNA repair, were identified. Further studies will be needed to clarify the genetic pathogenesis leading to MetS.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.626-632
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• 2001

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disease characterized by congenital dysplasia of one or more ectodermal structures. Intraorally, common findings are anodontia or oligodontia, conical teeth, and, consequently, generalized spacing. This case presented the oral rehabilitation of a child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Oral rehabilitation is important from functional, esthetic, and psychologic perspectives. Due to the absence of teeth, the volume of alveolar bone and its growth are decreased, resulting in a loss of vertical dimension and protuberant lips. The treatment involved increasing the patient's vertical dimension of occlusion, fabricating a maxillary partial denture, and using magnets to help retain the mandibular partial denture. A 5-year 7-month old Korean boy was referred to the pediatric department for examination, evaluation and treatment of his disorder. we used magnets on '73 and '83 for enhanced retention of a mandibular overdenture. The magnet used in this case was the Magfit system(GC Co., Japan).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2010

Seckel syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation and post-natally by dwarfism, severe microcephaly, bird-headed profile with receding chin, prominent nose, joint defects, clubfoot, sparse hair, malformation of genitourinary tract and rectum, mental retardation and hematological disorders. There is also a reduction in the number of blood cells. Dental anomalies of Seckel syndrome are crowded teeth with malocclusion, enamel hypoplasia, absence of some teeth and taurodontism. This report described the oral and maxillofacial manifestations of children associated with Seckel syndrome. Children with Seckel syndrome have several dental and skeletal irregularities. The purpose of this study was to report the dental and medical characteristics of the patient and review the literatures of Seckel syndrome.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.250-255
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• 2011

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on the ovarian morphology and NGF expression in an estradiol valerate (EV)-induced rat model. Polycystic ovaries were induced by a single intramuscular injection of estadiol valerate (4 mg, dissolved in sesame oil) in adult cycling rats. KRGE was administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60 consecutive days, beginning 60 days after the induction. Ovarian morphology was almost normalized and NGF was normalized in the EV+KRGE group. KRGE lowered the high numbers of antral follicles and increased the number of corpora lutea in the polycystic ovaries. The results are consistent with a beneficial effect of KRGE in the treatment of PCOS.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2015

Continuous intra- and extracellular stresses induce disorder of $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis and accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in ER stress. Severe long-term ER stress triggers apoptosis signaling pathways, resulting in cell death. Neural epidermal growth factor-like like protein 2 (NELL2) has been reported to be important in protection of cells from cell death-inducing environments. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of NELL2 in the context of ER stress induced by thapsigargin, a strong ER stress inducer, in Cos7 cells. Overexpression of NELL2 prevented ER stress-mediated apoptosis by decreasing expression of ER stress-induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and increasing ER chaperones. In this context, expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL was increased by NELL2, whereas NELL2 decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved caspases 3 and 7. This anti-apoptotic effect of NELL2 is likely mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, because its inhibitor, U0126, inhibited effects of NELL2 on the expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins and on the protection from ER stress-induced cell death.