• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.915-921
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• 2001

IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.977-985
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• 2019

Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda is an edible vegetable and perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, and has been used for a long time for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Although leaf extracts of A. yomena are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, accurate efficacy assessments are still inadequate. In this study, we investigated whether the antioxidant efficacy of ethanol extract of A. yomena leaf (EEAY) is correlated with the anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that EEAY significantly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced growth inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells, which was associated with increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). EEAY pretreatment also effectively prevented $H_2O_2$-induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis through inhibition of caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase degradation. Additionally, EEAY significantly increased the expression and production of interleukin-10, a representative anti-inflammatory cytokine, which was associated with increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 at transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, the increased production of nitric oxide (NO) by lipopolysaccharide was markedly abolished under the condition of EEAY pretreatment, and the inhibitory effect of NO production by EEAY was further increased by hemin, an HO-1 inducer. Overall, our results suggest that EEAY is able to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect RAW 264.7 macrophages from oxidative and inflammatory stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.336-343
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• 2008

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors have emerged as the accessory therapeutic agents for various human cancers, since they can block the activity of specific HDACs, restore the expression of some tumor suppressor genes and induce cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated that the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor, on the cell growth and apoptosis, and its effect on the nuclear factor-kappaB $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ activity in 267B1 human prostate epithelial cells. Exposure of 267B1 cells to TSA resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in and dose-dependent manners as measured by fluorescence microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry analysis. TSA treatment inhibited the levels of IAP family members such as c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 and induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, which were associated with concomitant degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, ${\beta}-catenin$ and laminin B proteins. The increase in apoptosis by TSA was connected with the translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus, increase of the DNA binding as well as promoter activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$, and degradation of cytosolic inhibitor of KappaB $(I{\kappa}B)-{\alpha}$ protein. We therefore concluded that TSA demonstrated anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on 267B1 cells in vitro, and that the activation of caspases and $NF-{\kappa}B$ may play important roles in its mechanism of action. Although further studies are needed, these findings provided important insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of TSA.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.262-275
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• 2003

In this study, the characteristics of locational distribution of the eminent people show their socially and economically stabilized standing in Daegu, taking the aforesaid situation as a background of the study, and the process of this study is as follows ; to examine the forming process of residential areas in the city as a theoretical supporting, to put in order on classical interpretation to formation of residential areas, and general type modem residential areas formation, and economic decision factor of land use. Therefore, this study aims to examine growth and development of eminent persons' residential areas and, at the same time, extract locational characteristics through the pattern of eminent persons' location and predict changes in the future. Furthermore, a long-term development plan of Daegu is expected to contribute to completing formation of sub-centers as well as expanding metropolis areas. Recent efforts by the city government such as the ones to attract prestigious high schools in the upper city areas are also expected to bring out balanced development of the city.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2018

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful candidates for tissue engineering and cell therapy. Physiological cell environment not only connects cells to each other, but also connects cells to the extracellular matrix that provide mechanical support, thus exposing the entire cell surface and activating signaling pathways. Hydrogel is a polymeric material that swells in water and maintains a distinct 3-dimensional (3D) network structure by cross linking. In this study, we investigated the optimized cellular function for canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAD-MSCs) using hydrogel. We observed that the expression levels of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, which are involved in cell proliferation and stemness, were increased in transwell-hydrogel (3D-TN) compared to the transwell-normal (TN). Also, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ and SOX9, which are typical bone morphogenesis-inducing factors, were increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collagen type II alpha 1, which is a chondrocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Osteocalcin, which is a osteocyte-specific marker, was increased in 3D-TN compared to the TN. Collectively, preconditioning cAD-MSCs via 3D culture systems can enhance inherent secretory properties that may improve the potency and efficacy of MSCs-based therapies for bone regeneration process.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1285-1295
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• 1997

Background : EGFR is one of the initial step in signal transduction pathway about multistep carcinogenesis. It is homologous to oncogene erbB-2 and is the receptor for EGF and TGF alpha. EGFR has important role in the growth and differentiation of tumor cells. So, EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer was examined to search for possible evidence as clinical prognostic factor. Methods : To investigate the role of EGFR in lung cancer, the author performed immunohistochemical stain of EGFR on 57 resected primary non-small cell lung cancer specimens. And the author analyzed the correlation between EGFR expression, clinical parameters, Sand $G_1$ phase fraction and survival. Results : 1) EGFR were detected in 56% of total 57 patients (according to histologic type, squamous cancer 50%, adenocarcinoma 63%, large cell cancer 75%) (according to TNM stage, stage I 64%, stage II 38%, stage III 55%) (according to cellular differentiation, well 50%, moderately 52%, poorly 65%). All differences were insignificant 2) Using the flow cytometric analysis, mean S-phase fraction of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 22.3(${\pm}10.5$)%. 18.0(${\pm}10.9$)% (p>0.05), mean $G_1$-phase fraction of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 68.4(${\pm}11.6$)%, 71.1(${\pm}12.8$)%, (p>0.05) 3) Two-year survival rate of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 53%, 84%, median survival time of EGFR (+) and (-) group were 26, 53 months. (p<0.05, Kaplan-Meier, generalized Wilcox) Conclusion : EGFR immunostaining may be a simple and useful method for survival prediction in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

Objective : Recent studies have shown encouraging progress toward the use of autogenic and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to arrest, or even lead to partial regeneration in, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, this technology is still in its infancy, and further development is required. The aim of this study was to analyze whether rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) can differentiate towards IVD-like cells after treatment with transforming growth factor ${\beta}3$ (TGF-${\beta}3$) in vitro. We also performed quantitative analysis of gene expression for ADMSC only, ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$, and co-cultured ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$. Methods : ADMSCs were sub-cultured to homogeneity and used in fluorocytometry assays for CD11, CD45, and CD90/Thy1. ADMSCs were differentiated in spheroid culture towards the chondrogenic lineage by the presence of TGF-${\beta}3$, dexamethasone, and ascorbate. We also co-cultured pure ADMSCs and nucleus pulposus cells in 24-well plates, and performed immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR for quantitative analysis of gene expression. Results : Results of fluorocytometry were positive for CD90/Thy1 and negative for CD11 and CD45. TGF-${\beta}3$-mediated induction of ADMSCs led to the expression of the differentiation markers of intervertebral disc-like cells, such as aggrecan, collagen II, and sox-9. Co-cultured ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ showed higher expression of differentiation markers and greater extracellular matrix production compared with ADMSCs treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ alone. Conclusion : ADMSC treated with TGF-${\beta}3$ may be an attractive source for regeneration therapy in degenerative IVD. These findings may also help elucidate the pathologic mechanism of MSC therapy in the degeneration of IVD in vivo.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.873-893
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• 1999

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and bioactive molecule(such as growth factor and differentiation factors) to promote periodontal wound healing. Among the bioactive molecules, bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) was studied for periodontal wound healing. Since Urist demonstrated that demineralized bone matrix could induce the formation of cartilage and bone in ectopic site, many studies on BMP have been reported. Among those BMPs, it was reported that rhBMP-2 enhanced the healing of bone defects in animal studies and clinical studies. However, its efficacy in periodontal regeneration, especially 1-wall intrabony defects is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rhBMP-2/ACS on the epithelial migration, gingival connective tissue adhesion, cementum formation, alveolar bone regeneration in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial aspects of the 3rd incisors. The test group received rhBMP-2/ACS with a flap procedure and the control underwent buffer/ACS with a flap procedure. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from alveolar crest to the apical end of JE) was $0.9{\pm}1.5mm$ in the control group and $1.2{\pm}1.4mm$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of connective tissue adhesion was $2.4{\pm}1.3mm$ in the control group and $1.2{\pm}1.1mm$ in the test group. The control group showed significantly enhanced adhesion(P<0.05). 3. The length of new cementum was $0.9{\pm}1.0mm$ in the control group and $1.7{\pm}0.8mm$ in the test group. The test group showed significantly enhanced cementum regeneration(P<0.05). 4. The length of new bone height was $1.9{\pm}0.6mm$ in the control group and $2.4{\pm}0.9mm$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 5. The new bone area was $4.7{\pm}1.7mm^2$ in the control group and $8.0{\pm}2.0mm^2$ in the test group. The test group showed significantly enhanced bone formed area(P<0.05). 6. The new bone density was $73.0{\pm}8.6%$ in the control group and $66.6{\pm}15.3%$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of rhBMP-2 in 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on new cementum and new bone formation area, but doesn't have any significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration and new bone formation height.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1995

치주질환의 치유에 있어서 치주인대 세포의 증식과 분화는 매우 중요하다. 몇몇 학자들에 의해 치주인대 세포의 증식과 분화에 영향을 주는 platelet derived growth나 fibronectin과 같은 growth factor에 대한 연구가 있었다. 이 연구는 홍삼 총사포닌이 치주인대 세포에 미치는 세포독성과 세포의 성장 및 분화에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 사람의 치주인대 세포를 분리, 배양하여 실험하였다. 총사포닌이 치주인대 세포에 미치는 세포독성을 특정하기 위해 여러가지 농도의 총사포닌을 세포배양액에 첨가하여 1주일 배양후의 결과와 단일 농도($1{\mu}g/ml$})하에서의 세포 성장을 혈구계산반을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 치주인대 세포가 조골세포양세포로의 분화과정에 사포닌이 영향을 미치는 것을 관찰하기 위해 개개의 총사포닌 농도)0.1,1,$10{\mu}g/ml}$)를 세포배양액에 첨가하여 배양하였다. 치주인대 세포가 조골세포의 표현형으로 분화되는데 미치는 총사포닌의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 총사포닌의 단일 농도($1{\mu}g/ml$)하에서 $50{\mu}g/ml$ ascorbic acid와 10mM ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$를 배양액에 첨가하여 배양후 von Kossa's staining을 시행하여 생성된 골결절을 관찰하였다. 이상의 실험에서 얻어진 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 각각의 농도를 투여한 결과, $1{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌에 의해서 세포독성이 유의성있게 증가하였다. 2. 0.01,0.01,1,$10{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌을 세포배양액에 첨가한 다음 7일 후의 고나찰시 cell viability가 실험농도 모두에서 유의성있게 증가하였다. 3. 0.1,1,10,$100{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 유외성있는 세포 증식이 있었다. 4. $1{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌을 세포배양액에 첨가한 다음 1,3,5,7,9일의 관찰시 시간경과에 따라 유의성있는 세포 증식이 있었다. 5. $10{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌을 세포배양액에 첨가시 ALP activity가 대조군에 비해 유외성있게 증가하였다. 6. $1{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌으로 배양된 치주인대 세포내에서 ALP positive cell이 관찰되었다. 7. $1{\mu}g/ml$의 총사포닌으로 배양된 치주인대 세포내에서 골결절 형성이 관찰되었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.546-557
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• 2021

Objective: If fertilization does not occur within a specific period, the quality of unfertilized oocytes in the oviduct (in vivo aging) or in culture (in vitro aging) will deteriorate over time. Icariin (ICA), found in all species of Epimedium herbs, has strong antioxidant activity, and is thought to exert anti-aging effects in vitro. We asked whether ICA protects oocytes against age-related changes in vitro. Methods: We analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression of antioxidant, maternal, and estrogen receptor genes, and along with spindle morphology, and the developmental competence and quality of embryos in the presence and absence of ICA. Results: Treatment with 5 μM ICA (ICA-5) led to a significant reduction in ROS activity, but increased mRNA expression of glutathione and antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], SOD2, peroxiredoxin 5, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2), during aging in vitro. In addition, ICA-5 prevented defects in spindle formation and chromosomal alignment, and increased mRNA expression of cytoplasmic maturation factor genes (bone morphogenetic protein 15, cyclin B1, MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, and growth differentiation factor-9). It also prevented apoptosis, increased mRNA expression of antiapoptotic genes (BCL2-like 1 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5), and reduced mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and activation of caspase-3). Although the maturation and cleavage rates were similar in all groups, the total cell number per blastocyst and the percentage of apoptotic cells at the blastocyst stage were higher and lower, respectively, in the control and ICA-5 groups than in the aging group. Conclusion: ICA protects oocytes against damage during aging in vitro; therefore, it can be used to improve assisted reproductive technologies.