• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.216-229
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a self growth program through MBTI on interpersonal relationships, and the career identity of nursing college students. Methods: A randomized controlled pre-post test experimental design was used for this study. The 24 nursing students were randomly assigned into two groups: 12 for the experimental group, and 12 for the control group. The subjects were junior nursing students, who were randomly selected from an undergraduate nursing program at K university located in Daegu, Korea. The data was collected from March 18 to April 1, 2002. The MBTI self growth program used in this study was based on the one developed by Shim and Kim (1997). The 12 experimental group students received the group self growth program through MBTI for 15 hours, while the 12 control group students received no treatment, except a series of tests. The Korean version MBTI test used in this study was developed and verified for reliability and validity by Kim and Sim (1990). Change in inter-personal relationships was measured using the Relationship Change Scale developed by Schlein and Guerney (1971), and modified by Lee and Mun (1982). Career identity was measured using the My Vocational Situation developed by Holland. Daiger and Power (1980), and revised by Kim (1997). The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 10.0 program, through which the 2 test, t-test, and Repeated measures ANOVA were examined. Results: 1) The first hypothesis, 'the experimental group that received the self growth program through MBTI will obtain a higher interpersonal relationship score than the control group', was supported (F=5.295. p=.031. Interaction: p=.000). 2) The second hypothesis, 'the experimental group that received the self growth program through MBTI will obtain a higher career identity score than the control group', was supported (F=28.575, p=.000, Interaction: p=.000). Conclusion: The results showed that the ready planned self growth program through MBTI had positive effects on improving the interpersonal relationships, and the career identity of nursing college students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

Compost is used mainly as an organic fertilizer, but it is also used as bedding material for cattle. Dairy cattle have been identified as a main reservoir of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Further, E. coli is regarded as an environmental pathogen that causes bovine clinical mastitis. Hence, its growth in compost spread or compost bedding should be avoided. Physical and chemical conditions, available nutrients and microflora in compost change greatly during the composting process. Since pathogen growth in compost seems to be related to these changes, we assessed the possibility of E. coli growth in compost samples collected at 0, 7, 13, 22, 41, 190 and 360 d. Cattle waste composts with and without added tofu residue were collected from static piles and immediately air-dried. Compost samples were inoculated with a pure culture of E. coli, the moisture content was adjusted to 50%, and the samples were incubated for 5 d at $30^{\circ}C$. The numbers of E. coli in compost before and after incubation were determined by direct plating on Chromocult coliform agar. Almost all compost samples supported E. coli growth. Samples collected during or immediately after the thermophilic phase (day 7) showed the highest growth. Growth in samples more than 13 d old were not significantly different from those of aged compost samples. The addition of tofu residue gave a higher growth than its absence in younger samples collected prior to 13 d. To minimize the risk of environmental mastitis, the use of compost in the initial stage of the process is better avoided.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth rate of landscape trees produced in containers for three year, and the growth rate of the establishment period during sixth month~twelve months after transplanting. Two types of container such as plastic pot(pot) and fabric growing bag(bag) were adopted to restrict tree roots. Each type of container was divided into seven sub-types. One traditional production method was included as comparison. Two landscape woody plant species (Magnolia denudata, Albizzia julibrissin) were planted in the seven sub-types of container. After one or two growing season in the container, the trees of each container type were transplanted. Half of the trees were transplanted in the mild spring season, and the other half were transplanted in the improper summer season. The data was collected on the diameter of root cellar and the tree height in each year. The research results are as follows; 1. Container production method was lower than the traditional production methods by 1.3 times ~ 2 times in the growth rates. 2. The Geocell bag and Root control bag revealed higher growth rates than pp-woven bag. And pot- in-pot(double pot)system revealed higher growth rates than the ether container pot system in A denudata. There were no differences in the growth rates between container production system in Albizzia julibrissin. 3, The growth rates of improper transplanting trees was high in the \"pot\" type - \"bag\" type - \"control\" in descending order. Especially, the growth rates of \"pot\" type revealed higher than \"control\" by 4 times. 4. From the results of ANOVA and Ad hoc test, the variable of growth factors of each container types in improper transplanting experiment was not significant for a range of 5% or 1% level. And the growth rates of traditional production method was lower than the container production method. 5. There was no differences in growth rate between the containerized and the traditional production system in the case of proper transplanting experiment. The growth rates of diameter of root collar was higher in the \"control\". The growth rates of tree height was higher in the \"bag\" type. Finally, based upon the results of this study, subsequent research on the development of container materials and maintaining methods that focused on the growth rates would be required.aintaining methods that focused on the growth rates would be required.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2007

Concerns of entomopathogenic fungi as alternative pest control agents are increasing even though chemical pesticides have been used as the main control agents for pests and diseases in crop production. This study was conducted to test the influence of fungicides and insecticides on an isolate of Lecanicillium attenuatum that was reported to have the pathogenicity against cotton aphid, because fungicides and/or insecticides can apply with mycopesticides simultaneous, before and/or after. Fungicides fenbuconazole+thiram and propineb inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth of L. attenuatum CS625; dimethomorph and procymidone did not affect spore germination or mycelial growth. The insecticide abamectin, deltamethrin, imidachropride, and spinosad had no detrimental effects on spore germination or mycelial growth. Therefore, these results demonstrated that careful selection of pesticides and fungicides can be applied to the integrated pest and disease control with microbial pesticide.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 156 growth retarded preschool children who were randomly assigned to the following five groups : supplemental control (S-control; n=28); zinc supplementation (＋Zn; 3.5mg Zn/day, n=34); zinc and calcium supplementation (＋ZnCa; 3.5mg Zn ＋ 250mg Ca/day, n=37); zinc, calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋ZnCaVA; 3.5mgZn ＋ 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=28); and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (＋CaVA; 250mgCa ＋ 200gVA/day, n=29). Another 34 children of normal height were selected as a normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months. After supplementation, the height gains in the ＋Zn group (7.84cm per year) and the ＋ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) were significantly higher than that in the S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P＜0.05). The weight gain in the ＋ZnCaVA group (2.55kg per year) and the ＋CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in the S-control group (2.19 kg per year, P＜0.05). The average number of days of illness in each group taking supplements was lower than that in the S-control group (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant differences in bone maturity were observed between the groups. In conclusion, in this study Zinc and Zinc ＋ Calcium supplementation improved the height gain, and vitamin A improved the weight gain, in growth retarded preschool children, but these supplements did not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation also lowered the morbidity of these children.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

전 생육기간동안 해가림내의 투광율을 약 8%로 고정한 대조구와, 생육시기별로 투광율을 6%와 18%로 조절한 투광량 조절구의 해가림밑의 미기상, 지상부 생육 특성 및 광합성의 차이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 해가림내의 투광율을 고정한 대조구는 P.E4중직(흑1+청3) 차광망을 피복하여 약 8% 투광율을 전 생육기간동안 유지하였고, 투광량조절구는 P.E 차광망을 사용하여 7∼8월에 투광율을 6%, 4∼6월과 9∼10월의 투광율 18%가 유지되도록 하였다. 투광량조절구는 저온기인 생육초기(4∼6월) 및 후기(9∼10월)에 대조구보다 최고기온, 누수율 및 토양수분함량이 높았으나, 고온기인 생육중기(7∼8월)에는 최고기온, 누수율 및 토양수분함량이 낮았다. 투광량 조절구는 대조구 보다 생존율이 높고, 경직경이 굵었으며, 경장이 짧고, 엽면적 지수가 낮고, 줄기도 90$^{\circ}$로 직립하였다. 투광량 조절구는 대조구 보다 엽록소 함량은 감소되었으나, 비엽중(S.L.W)과 기공개도가 증가되었고, 일중 순광합성량이 26% 증가되었다. 광량조절구는 대조구에 비해서 점무의병 이병율과 낙엽율이 현저히 감소되었다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2021

Background and objective: The nanobubbles remain stable in water, and it increased dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water that promotes the seed germination and the plant growth. We evaluated the seed germination and growth of sprouts (radish, wheat, and barley) and leafy vegetables (red mustard and pak choi) when irrigated with various DO of nanobubble water (NB). Methods: The oxygen NB was generated by surface friction and treated in 4 levels: NB 0% (control, DO 9.21 mg·L^-1), NB 20% (DO 15.40 mg·L^-1), NB 33% (DO 20.93 mg·L^-1), and NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1). Results: The root length of radish and wheat increased more in NB 33% than the control plot. The fresh weight increased in NB 33% compared to the control plot in radish and wheat, and both fresh and dry weight increased more in NB 20%, NB 33%, and NB 100% than the control plot of barley. The leaf length and width of red mustard decreased more in NB 33% and NB 100% than the control plot and NB 20%, which indicated the leaf compactness. The fresh and dry weight of shoot and root increased more in NB 100% than the control plot in red mustard. In pak choi, the shoot fresh weight increased more in NB 100% than the control plot. In leafy vegetables, the germination rate of red mustard in NB 100% was higher than the control plot, however, it was not significantly different between oxygen NB plots in sprout vegetables. Conclusion: The results showed that the root growth and biomass increased after applying NB 33% in sprout vegetables. The leaf growth properties as the number of leaves and leaf size were not significantly different or decreased in NB treatments compared to control plots, but NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L^-1) effectively increased the root growth and plant biomass in leafy vegetables.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2012

Reforestation is one of the most important ways to reduce erosion soil. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of jellyfish soil amendment on seedling growth for reforestation. 100g jellyfish soil amendment was applied into planting hole for the purpose of improvement of the Chamaecyparis obtusa seedling growth. Results showed that during growing period, mortality were 4.4% for the fertilized group and 8.3% for control group. The seedling average height and root diameter were 95.0 cm and 1.07 cm in fertilized group and 40.6 cm and 0.74 cm in control group. The fertilized group was found to be superior (by 1 to 5%) to control group in terms of mortality rate, seedlings height, and root diameter. The positive growth of the fertilized group can be due the increase in soil moisture and the higher availability of nutrients to the plants from jellyfish fertilizer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.354-357
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• 1999

Hypothyroidism was induced in three age groups (8 months, 1 year and 2 years) of Black Bengal goats by administering thiourea subcutaneously for 30 days. From fourth day onwards the animals were observed to be in hypothyroid state. For 8 months age group, a control group of similar age was taken. For the 1 year and 2 years age groups there was no control group but the values obtained on the pre-treatment day were considered as control values. For confirming the establishment of hypothyroidism, peripheral plasma triiodothyronine $(T_3)$ and thyroxine $(T_4)$ were estimated in all the animals before and during the treatment period by radioimunoassay. In the thiourea treated 8 months age group the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those in the control group during the treatment period. In all the thiourea treated groups the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels observed during the treatment period were significantly (p<0.01) lower than the pre-treatment levels. A nonsignificant loss in the body weight was observed in all the thiourea treated groups whereas there was a significant growth in the control group of animals. The study indicates that hypothyroidism has a negative effect on growth in goats.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2008

Utilization of carbon sources by Bacillus cereus D324, a biological control agent, and Pythium species, which causes rice seedling disease, was studied with the objective of increasing the efficacy of biological control by providing the biological control agent with specific beneficial carbon sources. D-galactose, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol were poor carbon sources for Pythium spp. growth but were good for B. cereus D324 growth. Growth in a growth chamber of rice seeds coated with B. cereus D324 amended with specific carbon sources, such as D-galactose and D-sorbitol, showed significantly enhanced seedling emergence compared to seeds coated only with B. cereus D324. Field trials showed that both seedling emergence and yield increased, when the above specific carbon sources were added to B. cereus D324 in seed coating formulations. This result indicated that amending seed coating formulations with specific carbon sources could significantly increase seedling emergence and yield in the field.