• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out in order to study the changes of morphological characters of growth and thatch accumulation in perennial ryegrass as affected by the different levels of soil compaction and coring depth. Soil compactions were treated with 10, 20, 30 and 40kg power roller and artificial core depth were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0cm under the ground, respectively. And, artificial core space were fixed 84.5% in all soil compaction levels. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Relationship between number of tillers and root weight was positive significant difference for soil compaction levels. 2. Relationships between shoot dry weight and thatch weight, and number of tillers were positively significant difference for artificial core depths. It may indicate that thatch accumulation depend on the growth of shoot, and increase of shoot dry weight as growth progressed may due to increase of number of tillers, respectively. 3. Soil compaction level of 20kg was greatly influenced on the growth of shoot in all artificial soil depths. Thus, shoot dry weight and number of tillers were obtained the highest value, but thatch and root weight were obtained the lowest values at the soil compaction level of 20kg. It was suggested that soil compaction of 20kg is very suitable rolling factor for turf maintenance. 4. Thatch weight was positively significant difference for the interaction of soil compaction levelXcoring depth.5. Thatch weight was positive significant correlated with root weight, and negative significant correlated with number of tillers by increase of soil compaction levels.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2014

The four species of the family Dendrophylliidae are newly recorded in Korea: Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) cumingii Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848, Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti Cairns, 2001, Cladopsammia eguchii (Wells, 1982), and Cladopsammia gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848). The two genera of Balanophyllia and Cladopsammia, to which the four species belong, are newly recorded in Korea. They were collected from the subtidal zones in Jeju-do Island, Korea by SCUBA diving from 1987 to 2012. This study aims to identify the four dendrophyllid species based on external and internal morphological characters including growth form, size, budding, and color of colonies, shape and size of corallites, columella, theca, and septa. Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) cumingii is distinguished by its solitary growth form, small and low subturbinate corallite with enlarged calice, and expanded basal part, exsert first and second septa, and Pourtal$\acute{e}$s plan. Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) vanderhorsti is characterized by its quasi-colonial growth form, subturbinate corallites with compressed calice, thick theca, and Pourtal$\acute{e}$s plan. Cladopsammia eguchii is characterized by its phaceloid growth form of compressed corallites basally united with common coenosteum, flat spongy columella, thick theca, and Pourtal$\acute{e}$s plan. Cladopsammia gracilis is distinguished by its phaceloid growth form of corallites basally united with common coenosteum, and pronounced Pourtal$\acute{e}$s plan forming flower patterns.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.482-486
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• 2004

Benzyladenopurine (BA), a synthetic chemical commonly used for bean sprout culture, should be minimized for wellbeing foods or not be applied. The study was done to check the effect of different BA concentrations treated during 5 hour imbibition on growth and morphological characters of mungbean sprouts. The mungbean seeds of 3 cultivars (Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) were imbibed for 5 hours in the solutions with different BA concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) before 3 hour aeration. On the 6th day after culture, the mungbean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Regardless of cultivars the composition rate of hypocotyls of longer than 7cm was decreased with increased BA concentration over 50 ppm while the reverse result was true in the rate of shorter than 4cm. In the rate of 4 to 7cm. cv. Owoolnogdu showed the highest rate in its 50 ppm concentration although cv. Keumseongnogdu and Zhong Lu 1 showed similar result to the above two rates. Formation rate and its number of lateral roots were largely changed around 50 ppm concentration but the roots was not formed in over its 75 ppm concentration. Hypocotyl and root lengths of all the cultivars were shortened with increased BA concentration. In the diameter of middle part of hypocotyl, 3 cultivars showed nearly the same responses as the rate of 4 to 7cm hypocotyls. Hypocotyl and total fresh weights per sprout were heavier in BA treated sprouts than in no treated ones but the weights of the former sprouts were not influenced by its different concentrations.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2005

Plant flowering should be mainly affected by temperature and daylength. The study was carried out to measure the effect of temperature during winter on growth and floret flowering of Orostachys japonicus grown under 2 hour night break. Temperature was controlled above $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ as heating boilers were run below them to compare the natural temperature. Night-break treatment was done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 4 weeks to check growth, morphological and flowering related characters. Plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were increased in heating temperatures of > $10^{\circ}C$ compared to natural temperature although similar in the two heating ones. Leaves and bracts, florets, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights showed the same response as the above morphological and flowering related characters. Florets were more formed but less flowered with higher temperatures. Anthesis rates of individual plant were 100% in natural temperature, 25% in > $10^{\circ}C$ heating temperature but none in > $20^{\circ}C$ heating temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.497-503
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• 1990

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the growing characters, yield and quality of burley tobacco (1988 : Burley 21, 1989: Burley 21 and KB101) during successive two years. The effect of added nitrogen fertilizer on the growth characters at topping stage was different according to growing years. Potassium rate had no effect on the growth characters. The effects of nitrogen and potassium rates on the nitrogen conteut of leaf during growth stage were great, while the effects on the potassium content were not large, relatively. As compared with Burley 21, KB101 showed high yield, and the productivity in nitrogen-reduced condition was high. The yield and quality were increased when nitrogen applied to 22.75kg/l0a, but the yield was not increased and the quality was decreased when nitrogen applied above 22.75kg/l0a. Neither potassium rate nor potassium/nitrogen application ratio had effects on the yield and quality, while the quality was somewhat decreased when potassium/nitrogen ratio was small. When the nitrogen fertilizer being applied above 22.75kg/l0a, there were no advantageous effects on the yield and quality, It is sufficient that the potassium application is about 35.0kg/l0a, and the scheme of reducing of potassium rate may be considerable.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2005

Lateral roots of soybean sprouts should deeply affect their quality and marketability. The study was done to compare the effects of ocher, chitosan, corn kennel, tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into their 10% solutions and cultured for 6 days. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths;>7 cm (A), 4 to 7 cm (B), < 4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Composition rate of A was the lowest in Junjery of the three cultivars, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. This results was the most distinct in hard rubber tree leaf extracts (HRTLE) of the five treatments. In HRTLE treatment, lateral root formation rate were formed in almost of Sowonkong although reduced in order of Pungsannamulkong and Junjery. However, there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Lateral roots per sprout were the lowest in HRTLE treatment of the 5 treatments. In all treatments except the chitosan treatment, the roots were most formed in Sowonkong but least in Junjery. Sprout length adding hypocotyl and root was the shortest in Junjery compared to the other two cultivars. and was the longest in tea leaf extract treatment but the shortest in HRTLE treatment. The result in total fresh weight of sprouts was similar to that of the sprout length.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

Growth characters and productivities of corn varieties were compared to provide the basic data to the famers that in order to select the good corn varieties at Deakwanryoung district of Korea. Currently cultivated 8 recommended corn varieties and Suwon 19ho as check variety were used in this experiment and experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Resarch results obtained at Deakwanryoung branch (sea love 800m) of National Livestock Research Institute in 1999 are summarized as follows. Culm lengths of DK501 and GL4899 among corn varieties were shorter as 180cm and 198cm, respectively and rest of varieties were more or less 230cm and no difference among varieties. Inflorescence height was lower in varieties showing low culm length, and inflorescence heights of PK3525 and DK729 were higher about 10～15cm than those of other varieties. Stem diameters of all varieties except DK501 were thicker compared to check variety, Suwon 19ho and P3144W was thickest. Leaf numbers of late maturing DK729 and G4743 were higher as average 12 and 12.3 per plant, respectively. Silking dates among varieties were ranged from August 10 to 20 showing 10 day difference and DK501 was earliest as August 10 and G4743 was latest as August 20. Ear rates of early silking varieties were more than 46% and late silking varieties were less than 40%(P>0.1). Dry matter and TDN yield of P3351 was highest as 24,710 and 17,470kg/ha respectively, and DK729 and G4743 were second and third in order. In conclusion. early and medium maturing variety. P3352 with high yield and good growth characters was desirable at Deakwanryoung district of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2022

Mungbean is used for not only seed but sprout, so, consumption of mungbean has been on the rise in Korea. Life cycle of mungbean tends to be short among Legume. For that reason, Mungbean can be harvested for various cropping system and season per regions and farmers regardless of sowing date and harvesting date. So, Prior research is needed about growth characters and life cycle of mungbean per sowing period. Mungebean cultivar 'Dahyun' and 'Sanpo' supplied by Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency(KOAT) is cultivated in wagner pot. Sowing period is proper time of seeding in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do that is major cultivation region of mungbean in korea from early May to mid July every 2 weeks. Length at maturity stage tends to increase from early May(sowing date: 4^th May) to early July(sowing date: 5^th July), but after that, It tends to decrease from mid July(sowing date: 19^th July). Number of branches and nods shows a similar trend. Length of pod has no tendency and no difference per sowing date. Number of pod per plants has also no tendency per sowing date. Test plots sowing in late May has the most number of pods.(Sanpo 22.9pods, Dahyun 16.8) Number of seeds per pod tends to increase to late May and Test plots sowing in mid July has the most number of seed per pod. In case of sowing at early May, Days of emergence is 7d. its summation of temperature is 132.2℃. After that, it tends to decrease to mid June. After mid June, Days of emergence is fixed to 3d. Average temperature growing up in this season, Summation of temperature from sowing to emergence takes the lowest point in test plots sowing in mid June.(Sanpo 88.6℃, Dahyun 88.6) Days of flowering tends to fasten from early May to mid July. Two cultivar shows same level. Days of maturity tends to fasten to mid June, after that tends to slow. In case that many research results about growth characters and life cycle mungbean per sowing period are drawn, it is expected that it result in increase of cultivation area and income of farmer.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 1996

To establish appropriate seed production system in Angelica gigas. Germination of seeds with different bolting years and the growth characters of plants originated from these seeds were in­vestigated. Seed weight from 1st year bolting plant was highest. In germinability according to seeds with different bolting years, seeds from 1st year bolting plant were higher than seeds from 2nd, 3rd years bolt­ing one. In growth characters of plants originated from seeds with different bolting years, as the bolting years became late, root growth increased and top growth decreased, therefore T/R ratio decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of growth and maturity and to clarify the function of supernodulating characters, excessive nodules and high biological nitrogen fixation rate (BNF), on maturity in response to different planting time in supernodulating soybean mutants. Two supernodulating soybean mutants, Sakukei4 and SS2-2, and their parent cultivars, Enrei and Shinpaldalkong2, were planted on May 24 and June 15, 2004. The degrees of the shortening of growth days by the planting time delay were 18 to 22 days in four cultivar, and there were no significant differences among the cultivars. However, four cultivars showed the different maturity properties. Sakukei4, mutated from Enrei, showed later maturity than that of Enrei, and 882-2, mutated from Shinpaldalkong2, showed earlier maturity than that of Shinpaldalkong2. The plant and nodule dry weights at R6 stage of Sakukei4 showed the smallest decrement and those of SS2-2 was showed the largest decrement by the delay of planting time. The photosynthetic rates of Sakukei4 during the late reproductive growth period were slowly decreased, however those of SS2-2 were steeply decreased in two planting time treatments. Overall, the growth of Sakukei4 was decreased slowly, however the growth of SS2-2 was decreased sharply according to the delay of planting time. The percentage of seed yield of Sakukei4 in June planting plot compared with May planting plot at R8 stage was $92\%$, which was the lowest decreasing rate of yield among the cultivars, and in the case of SS2-2, it was in $76\%$, the highest one. These results indicated that the responses of supernodulating mutants by the delay of planting time were very similar to the wild types. This means supernodulating characters in supernodulating soybean mutants might not affect to the maturity property. Additionally, the maturity property could be considered as an important characteristics to decide or to select on the developments of supernodulating soybean mutants, which have a low productivity by an excessive nodules, especially.