• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.585-594
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was to determine the bacterial diversity and monitor the community dynamic changes during storage of vacuum-packaged sliced raw beef as affected by Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus. Methods: L. sakei and L. curvatus were separately incubated in vacuumed-packaged raw beef as bio-protective cultures to inhibit the naturally contaminating microbial load. Dynamic changes of the microbial diversity of inoculated or non-inoculated (control) samples were monitored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0 to 38 days, using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Results: The DGGE profiles of DNA directly extracted from non-inoculated control samples highlighted the order of appearance of spoilage bacteria during storage, showing that Enterbacteriaceae and Pseudomonas fragi emerged early, then Brochothrix thermosphacta shared the dominant position, and finally, Pseudomonas putida showed up became predominant. Compared with control, the inoculation of either L. sakei or L. curvatus significantly lowered the complexity of microbial diversity and inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria (p<0.05). Interestingly, we also found that the dominant position of L. curvatus was replaced by indigenous L. sakei after 13 d for L. curvatus-inoculated samples. Plate counts on selective agars further showed that inoculation with L. sakei or L. curvatus obviously reduced the viable counts of Enterbacteraceae, Pseudomonas spp. and B. thermosphacta during later storage (p<0.05), with L. sakei exerting greater inhibitory effect. Inoculation with both bio-protective cultures also significantly decreased the total volatile basic nitrogen values of stored samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, the results proved the benefits of inoculation with lactic acid bacteria especially L. sakei as a potential way to inhibit growth of spoilage-related bacteria and improve the shelf life of vacuum-packaged raw beef.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.106-112
• /
• 2012

In order to understand the growth and ecophy -siological response of ginseng to global warming condition, we cultivated one and two year ginseng seedlings in control (ambient $CO_2$ + ambient temperature) and global warming treatment (elevated $CO_2$ + elevated temperature) from March 2010 to July 2011. Shoot appearance and initiation of flowering were advanced by 3-4 days in global warming treatment than in control. However, timing of fruit setting and seed ripeness was similar in both control and global warming treatment. Shoot length was longer in global warming treatment than in control, and also the number of leaves was much in global warming treatment. Fresh root weight was not different between control and global warming treatment. Photosynthetic rate was higher in global warming treatment than at control. Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were higher in two year seedlings than in one year seedlings at control, but was not different between seedling age of ginseng in global warming treatment. Water use efficiency was higher in one year seedlings than two year seedlings at control and global warming treatment. These results demonstrated that Korean ginseng more or less positively responds to global warming situation.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.78-81
• /
• 2011

Soft rot caused by Rhizopus oryzae occurred on unshiu orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) sampled from commercial markets in Jinju, Korea, 2010. The first symptom of soft rot on orange is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on orange was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on potato dextrose agar was $30^{\circ}C$ and growth was still apparent at $37^{\circ}C$. Sporangiophores were $6{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Sporangia were globose and $40{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and $4{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and $85{\sim}120\;{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and the ITS sequence analysis, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on unshiu orange in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.531-535
• /
• 2016

Phlomis umbrosa and Dipsacus asperoides are distinct species, even though they have a similar appearance. Dipsacus asperoides is used as a Chinese medicinal plant for and has bone strengthening and fracture healing but Phlomis umbrosa has no effect on bone growth. Recently, these plants were used in children's food to improve their bone growth, without distinction in food. Intakes of Dipsacus asperoides in food may be dangerous, because it has never been used in food and its safety has never been tested in humans. We developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to distinguish these plants in food. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantification, accuracy and precision. In 5 of 17 samples, we identified Dipsacus asperoides, containing loganin $0.19-14.45{\mu}g/mL$, sweroside $0.13-4.61{\mu}g/mL$ and akebia saponin D $0.59-19.29{\mu}g/mL$. The developed method might be useful to identify Dipsacus asperoides in adulterated food.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2012

In July and August 2011, a disease suspected to be Rhizopus soft rot was observed on peach (Prunus persica var. vulgaris) at the Wholesale Market for Agricultural Products, Jinju, Korea. The first symptom of soft rot on peach is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on peach was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on PDA was $30^{\circ}C$and growth was still apparent at $37^{\circ}C$Sporangiophores were 6~20 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Sporangia were globose and 35~200 ${\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and 5~10 ${\mu}m$ in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and 85~120 ${\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and molecular identification, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prinsen Geerligs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on peach in Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2017

In this study, we stored frozen shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at $4^{\circ}C$ during 12 days and investigated the effect of chitosan coating with natural preservatives (0.05% carvacrol, 0.05% thymol) on the growth of microorganism (mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., $H_2S$ producing bacteria) and physiological characteristics (total volatile basic nitrogen and pH) and sensory evaluation (appearance, odor and general acceptance). Chitosan coating with natural antimicrobial compounds (0.05% carvacrol and 0.05% thymol) had inhibited the growth of all the target microorganism and showed the significant antimicrobial activity (p < 0.05) to mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria and $H_2S$ producing bacteria until 12 day (the last day of this study). These treated groups had showed the significant difference (p < 0.05) in total volatile basic nitrogen and all the sensory characteristics but not in pH. Therefore, chitosan coating combined with natural antimicrobial compounds (0.05% carvacrol and 0.05% thymol) showed the effective antimicrobial activity on major spoilage microorganism on shrimp and could be used to elongate the shelf life of refrigerated shrimp.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.796-801
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to establish a system for mutation breeding by irradiation of gamma-ray in $Rosa$ $hybrida$ Hort. The rooted cuttings of two roses, 'Spidella' and 'Cabernet' were irradiated with different gamma-ray doses (0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150 and 170 Gy) from a $^{60}Co$ source to reveal an optimal dose for induction of mutants. The irradiated plants were planted in a greenhouse, and investigated on the appearance of petal color mutants and shoot growth by gamma ray dose. The 50% lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of plant were 110 Gy for 'Spidella' and 150 Gy for 'Cabernet', respectively. The 50% decrease dose of shoot length was observed at 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella', and 110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet'. Solid, chimeric and mosaic petal mutants with various colors were induced from pink petal of 'Spidella' and red petal of 'Cabernet' when 30-170 Gy dose was irradiated. The mutants obtained from 'Spidella' had white, ivory, pinky ivory, light pink and deep pink petal colors. The mutants obtained from 'Cabernet' had pink, deep pink, purple red (magenta), orange red and purple petal colors. It was suitable to irradiate 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella' and 90-110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet' for the induction of various mutants considering plant survival rate, shoot growth and mutant occurrence rate.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.636-643
• /
• 1999

Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic birth defect in which at least abnormally develop two structures derived from the ectoderm. It is usually inherited in autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern. Oral manifestations are oligodontia, anodontia, dysmorphic teeth(conical shape), decreased occlusal vertical dimension and alveolar bone. Extraoral signs may include decreased or absent sweat glands, sparse and fine hair, saddle nose, hearing loss and decreased production of body fluids including saliva. Most affected children require extensive dental treatment to restore their appearance and help the development of a positive self image. The patient's overclosed profile was due to a decreased vertical dimension. The use of overdenture is to preserve erupted teeth, to accomodate the newly constructed occlusal plane, to improve retention and stability of denture and to maintain the remaining alveolar bone. The restoration of vertical dimension improved the child's speech, swallowing, and eating. Growth continue until the age of approximately 18. As child grows, replacement dentures will have to be fabricated primarily to accomodate increasing vertical dimension and changing dentition. Implants may be indicated later if the alveolar bone is adequate. Periodic recall visits are advised, to monitor the dentures during periods of growth and development, and eruption of the permanent teeth.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2009

In Korea, Red pine(Pinus densiflora) stands at a very important place, historically, culturally, and emotionally and it is one of the tree species that can produce domestic timber as forest resources economically. The growing space for Red pine forest in Korea is gradually reducing while the space for deciduous tree forests including oak series is gradually increasing. Thus, it is required that the research work should be done on renewal for pine forest retention and its related forest management practices. This research aims at developing stable, sustainable management forests and inducing nature renewal by grasping growth environment and succession process through the pattern of stand and structure analysis of the red pine(Pinus densiflora) for central region. The pine forests in central region were classified into four communities, such as Acer pseudo-sibolianum, Quercus acutissima, Lindera erythrocarpa, and Pinus densiflora and they are showing different characteristics by pattern according to their growing district. There appeared a lot of red pines in the upper layer, but there existed high weight of broad-leaved forest tree species, such as oak series in the middle layer and the appearance of the red pine was meager in the lower layer. Therefore, it appears that the red pine has a high influential ecological strength in terms of correlativity; however, if the red pine in tree layer is dead by aging in nature state with the lapse of time, it is considered that oak species, such as Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, and Quercus serrata will be dominant below sub-tree layer. In addition, there appear differences in characteristics and growth pattern of the red pine forest depending on stand pattern, so it is considered that a differential application method should be employed in the pine forest management.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.704-710
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities and sensory properties of a sauce containing tea extract and garlic vineger against raw fish. The sauce was evaluated antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus which is considered as one of the major food borne pathogens. As a result, the sauce inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus distinctly. In addition, the sauce with soy sauce and Kochujang showed the restricted growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in sliced raw flatfish. Sensory evaluations were measured by 7-point hedonic scale using sliced raw flatfish with the sauce mixed with Kochujang and soy sauce. The score of texture in the sauce with Kochujang was significantly higher than that of regular Chokochujang (p<0.05). Moreover, total preference including appearance, texture, aroma and taste were significantly higher in the sauce with soy sauce than those of regular soy sauce (p<0.05). Consequently, the soy sauce with tea extract and garlic vinegar may enhance the satisfaction of consumer and antimicrobial activity that against V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, resulting in potential reduction the outbreaks of food borne pathogens.