• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2009

적심 및 rootone 처리가 고추 10품종의 발근력에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 모두 정상적으로 발근되었으나 품종간에 큰 차이를 보였다. 즉 'Gukbo'와 'Chungyang' 등은 발근력이 낮은 반면, 대목 이용 가능성이 높은 'Geumsang' 등은 매우 높았다. 발근촉진제 rootone 처리는 모든 품종의 발근을 현저히 증가시켜 높은 실용성을 보여주었다. 또한 적심에 따른 발근 지연 현상은 rootone 처리로 거의 완벽하게 보완될 수 있었다. 선발된 대목 10품종과 접수 3품종을 적심과 IBA 단용 또는 병행처리 후 발근력을 검토한 결과, 대목 중에서는 'Tantan'이 가장 높았고, 'Konesian Hot'과 'Wonkwang 1호'도 높았다. 또한 공시된 10개 대목은 대면적에 일반재배 되는 품종인 'Manita', 'Chungyang', 'Nokkwang'보다 발근력이 높았다. IBA 처리는 발근력을 다소 향상시켰으나 rootone 처리에 비해 효과가 뚜렷하지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.806-812
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• 2003

Attempts have been made to establish relationship between the response to ACTH challenge in female calves, growth and first lactation performance. A total of 19 Holstein calves weighing 100 kg i. v. were given 0.50 IU of ACTH/kg $BW^{.75}$ (EXACTHIN inj., Richter G., Budapest) at 60 days of age. Serial blood samples were taken at times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and analyzed for cortisol, glucose insulin and FFA levels. From challenge series the area under the curve from time of administration and the following 5 h were calculated. Negative, and mostly loose relationship between response to ACTH challenge for cortisol, insulin, or FFA and ADWG during growth have been established (p>0.05) with positive one for glucose. Bivariate coefficients of correlation varied within the range from -0.35 to 0.15. Estimations reveal negative correlation between the length of first lactation and cortisol or insulin (r=-0.80, p<0.001 and r=-0.45, p<0.10, resp.) Close association between cortisol or insulin and actual first lactation milk yield was found (r=-0.48, p<0.10; r=-0.64, p<0.01, resp.). Close relationship between the response to ACTH challenge and milk protein yield was present only for insulin (r=-0.59, p<0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.282-291
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• 1999

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Kimchi and screened for bacteriocin. A total of 99 strains showed antimicrobial activity when grown on solid media, yet only 10 showed antimicrobial activity in liquid media. Strain H-559, identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity and was active against pathogenic bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus as well as other lactic acid bacteria. The antimicrobial substance produced by L. lactis subsp. lactis H-559 was confirmed to be a bacteriocin by the treatment of $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and protease type Ⅸ and ⅩIV. The bacteriocin activity remained stable between pH 2.0 and pH 11.0 and during heating for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The bacteriocin production started in the exponential phase and stopped in the stationary phase. L. lactis subsp. lactis H-559 showed the highest bacteriocin activity at a culture temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, and an inverse relationship between the bacteriocin productivity and mean growth rate at different culture temperatures was observed. The mean growth rate and bacteriocin productivity of L. lactis subsp. lactis H-559 increased as the initial pH of the media increased.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.136-150
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• 2014

Although multiple transcription factors (TFs) have been characterized via mutagenesis to understand their roles in controlling pathogenicity and infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, if and how forkhead-box (FOX) TFs contribute to these processes remain to be characterized. Four putative FOX TF genes were identified in the genome of M. oryzae, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that two of them (MoFKH1 and MoHCM1) correspond to Ascomycota-specific members of the FOX TF family while the others (MoFOX1 and MoFOX2) are Pezizomycotina-specific members. Deletion of MoFKH1 (${\Delta}Mofkh1$) resulted in reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination, abnormal septation and stress response, and reduced virulence. Similarly, ${\Delta}Mohcm1$ exhibited reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination. Conidia of ${\Delta}Mofkh1$ and ${\Delta}Mohcm1$ were more sensitive to one or both of the cell cycle inhibitors hydroxyurea and benomyl, suggesting their role in cell cycle control. On the other hand, loss of MoFOX1 (${\Delta}Mofox1$) did not show any noticeable changes in development, pathogenicity, and stress response. Deletion of MoFOX2 was not successful even after repeated attempts. Taken together, these results suggested that MoFKH1 and MoHCM1 are important in fungal development and that MoFKH1 is further implicated in pathogenicity and stress response in M. oryzae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

The most commonly grown economical and flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yellow Special A was used in pot-culture tests in order to study Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosponic acid) effects on accelerating maturity of tobacco leaves in relation to the most adequate level of the chemical useful for field growing, nitrogen level in soil for the most pronounced response, and the most suitable spray period during the growth stages of pre-, post- and topping periods. The following conclusions, thus, were obtained from the present studies; 1. 500ppm Ethrel spray was reconfirmed to be adequate in the practical applications, although the extent of yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was increased as the Ethrel level increased. The highest leevel treated resulted in causing chemically damaged lesions on leaves and early defoliation. 2. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper yellowish tinge to them than those without treatment, while different levels of the chemcial had less influence on the tinge. 3. An adequate level of nitrogen supply to plants favored the Ethrel response, whereas either very low or high level of nitrogen in the soil lowered the chemical effect on accelerating the yellow-ripening. When carbohydrates versus total nitrogen ratio became relatively high, the condition brought out some outstanding Ethrel effects. 4. Chlorophyll level of leaves increased as soil applications of nitrogen level increased, and that also increased carotenoid level of the tobacco leaves. Ethrel-treated leaves showed deeper orange tinge than those without treatment, while the highest level of nitrogen application showed the deepest orange tinge to tobacco leaves. 5. Pre-topping treatment (12 days before topping and flowering) resulted in almost no Ethrel response, and that treatment right on the day of topping, showed response of yellow-leaf ripening at nearly bottom-half leaves of a tobacco plant. The post-topping treatment (12 days after topping) made plants showing full response of Ethrel from bottom to the top leaves of tobacco plant in accelerating the leaf maturity. 6. The extent of Ethrel responses on accelerating yellow-ripening of tobacco leaves was discussed for the modifying influences brought about by certain environmental factors. Discussions were also made about the possible practical applications (particularly for pre-rice planting) and quality difference that may be caused by such growth environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2009

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary zinc level on growth performance and immune function in normal (Experiment 1) and immunologically challenged (Experiment 2) weanling pigs. Treatments consisted of the following: i) a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 36.75 mg/kg total Zn, ii) basal diet+60 mg/kg added Zn as $ZnSO_{4}$, iii) basal diet+120 mg/kg added Zn as $ZnSO_{4}$. Each diet was fed to six pens of four pigs per pen (Exp. 1) or six pens of three pigs per pen (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, the dietary zinc level had no effect on average daily growth (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), or feed conversion ratio (FCR). Concentrations of tissue and serum zinc were not affected. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was not affected by dietary treatments. Supplementation of 120 mg/kg Zn decreased (p<0.05) the antibody response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) on d 7 compared with pigs fed the basal diet, but not on d 14. In Exp. 2, LPS challenge had no effect on ADG, ADFI and FCR in the entire trial (from d 0 to 21). LPS challenge significantly decreased ADG and ADFI (p<0.01) from d 7 to 14, but FCR was not affected. LPS challenge increased PBLP (p<0.05) and serum concentration of interleukin-1 (IL-1) (p<0.01), whereas the antibody response to BSA and serum concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were not affected. Supplementation of Zn did not affect ADFI and FCR from d 7 to 14, but there was a trend for ADG to be enhanced with Zn supplementation (p<0.10). Supplementation of Zn tended to increase PBLP (p<0.10). Dietary treatment had no effect on the antibody response to BSA or concentrations of serum IL-1 and IL-2. Results indicate that the level of Zn recommended by NRC (1998) for weanling pigs was sufficient for optimal growth performance and immune responses. Zn requirements may be higher for pigs experiencing an acute phase response than for healthy pigs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4793-4799
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• 2012

Hypoxia is commonly featured during glioma growth and plays an important role in the processes underlying tumor progression to increasing malignancy. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of rat C6 malignant glioma cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions by cDNA microarray analysis. Compared to normoxic culture conditions, 180 genes were up-regulated and 67 genes were down-regulated under hypoxia mimicked by $CoCl_2$ treatment. These differentially expressed genes were involved in mutiple biological functions including development and differentiation, immune and stress response, metabolic process, and cellular physiological response. It was found that hypoxia significantly regulated genes involved in regulation of glycolysis and cell differentiation, as well as intracellular signalling pathways related to Notch and focal adhesion, which are closely associated with tumor malignant growth. These results should facilitate investigation of the role of hypoxia in the glioma development and exploration of therapeutic targets for inhibition of glioma growth.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

Leuconostoc citreum is one of the representative strains of Leuconostoc spp. that show fast growth rates in fermented vegetables. Sequential experimental designs including the Plackett-Burman design, fractional factorial design, steepest ascent analysis, central composite design and response surface methodology were introduced tooptimize and improve the medium for Leuconostoc citreum. Fifteen medium ingredients were examined and glucose (20 g/l), yeast extract (12.5 g/l), sodium acetate trihydrate (6.12 g/l), potassium phosphate (42.55 g/l) and dibasic ammonium citrate (4.12 g/l)were chosen as the best components to give a critical and positive effect for cell-growth. The biomass was increased to 2.79 g/l (169%), compared to the 1.65 g/l in MRS medium.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 1993

Yield and plant constituent responses of forage sorghum cultivars have usually been compared in uniform defoliation management test. However the influence of harvest time on differential response of cultivars needs more precise definition. Therefore this study with sorghum-sorgo-sudan hybrid cv. NC+Sweet Leaf, and Super Su 22 and Sorghum-Sorghum hybrid cv. Pioneer 931 was carried out under two defoliation regimes, namely defoliation at heading stage of each variety and defoliation on the same calendar date in response to heading stage of early variety. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Three harvests were taken by early variety with 80 days and two harvests by late variety with 94 days from sowing to heading. 2. Dry matter and TDN yield tend to be higher when the plants are cut at ear emergence stage of late variety. 3. Crude protein content was similar for the same growth growth stage of 1st growth and 1st regrowth, and rather big different between varieties. 4. Considering only dry matter and TDN yield, it is recommendable to cut two times at ear emergence stage of late variety and also three times at ear emergence stage of early variety in view point of utilization period extension and distribution of forage products.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2001

Recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) has demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human, but the relatively low response rates observed in clinical trials. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate therapeutic activities of IL-2 for the establishment of therapeutic applications. At the onset of the experiment, normal C3H/HeN mice were injected with $3{\times}10^6$ RD-995 tumor cells, murine ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, subcutaneously. Beginning on day 25, experimental groups were treated with a 5-day course of IL-2 (subcutaneous injection of 30,000 IU every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that RD-995 tumor grew progressively in control mice. Subcutaneous IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 treated mice were observed compared with the control mice.