• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2021

In recent years, Vietnam's economic growth rate has been attributed to the growth of many well-managed industries within Southeast Asia. Among them is the civil construction industry. Construction projects typically take a long time to complete and require a huge budget. Many socio-economic variables and factors affect total construction project costs due to market fluctuations. In recent years, crucial socioeconomic development indicators of construction reached a fairly high growth rate. Also, most infrastructure and construction projects have a high degree of complexity and uncertainty. This makes it challenging to predict the accurate project price. These challenges raise the need to recognize significant factors that influence the construction price index of civil buildings in Vietnam, both micro and macro. Therefore, this paper presents critical factors that affect the construction price index using the fuzzy extent analysis process in an uncertain environment. This proposed quantitative model is expected to reflect the uncertainty in the process of evaluating and ranking the influencing factors of the construction price index in Vietnam. The research results would also allow project stakeholders to be more informed of the factors affecting the construction price index in the context of Vietnam's civil construction industry. They also enable construction contractors to estimate project costs and bid rates better, enhancing their project and risk management performance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2015

The present study investigated the effects of Lysophospholipid (LPLs, LIPIDOL$^{TM}$) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Hanwoo heifers. A feeding trial was performed for 120 days until slaughter using a herd of 24 Hanwoo heifers. Eight heifers were assigned to each of 3 experimental groups (control, 0.3% LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ and 0.5% LIPIDOL$^{TM}$). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics were investigated. Significantly improved nutrient digestibility was found in the LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ treatment group compared to the control (p<0.05). No significant effect by LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ supplementation on growth performance was observed (p>0.05). However, interestingly, greater carcass weight was detected in the treatment of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ where less daily gain was found. Although not a significant effect, greatly decreased back-fat thickness and increased loin area were detected in the treatment of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$. In meat characteristics, LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ increased intramuscular fat and tenderness. Therefore, the present study results suggest that the inclusion of LIPIDOL$^{TM}$ in the diet of Hanwoo heifers can improve carcass performance and meat quality by increasing the carcass index and the meat quality index. The results also suggest that a level of 0.3% might be more efficient than 0.5% with regard to economic effectiveness.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.21-44
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• 2006

Measuring and evaluating the business performance plays a very important role in managing business. It is because business performance, in any types of industry, can be evaluated and managed properly only when the measurement of its performance is estimated, and because its performance can be improved through an efficient and effective management. Therefore it is essential to build up the performance evaluation system to raise management efficiency of the foodservice industry, to reinforce competitive power of the food service industry. This study tried to propose a novel point of prospective and method in which the performance evaluation in any family restaurant should be illuminated and be performed. In this study, BSC provided the main conceptional framework for evaluating the performance of a family restaurant, and evaluation items of BSC four prospectives - financial, customers, internal business process, and learning and growth-were adjusted so as to be fitted into the business field. Furthermore, this study verified the validity of the proposed performance evaluation method through specific case analyses and used AHP to quantify its validity objectively. Finally, this study found the fact that non-financial prospectives, compared to financial prospectives, should be more importantly considered as the performance evaluation index of the family restaurants. Especially, the study showed that the proportion of performance evaluation indexes related to Customers prospective and Learning and Growth prospective revealed very highly, therefore variables such as customer satisfaction index, per employee productivity, education and training, customer response rate, employee satisfaction index should be emphasized as key factors at the process of selecting indexes and measuring their performance evaluation of the food service industry.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1996.12a
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• pp.265-295
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• 1996

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between various business portfolio properties (particularly technological properties) and chaebol′s performance using data on the 50 largest chaebols in Korea. In addition to the traditional indexes to measure diversification such as entropy index we calculated inter-industry technological similarity using R&D expenditure data by industry and 1990 Input-output Table in Korea, and obtained chaebol-level technological relatedness and internal transaction proportion from chaebols′business profile, inter-industry technological similarity and 1990 input-output table. We applied factor analysis on 13 business portfolio property indexes and showed that they could be grouped into 3 dimensions, diversification scope, inter-business relatedness and degree of vertical integration. In this paper, using 50 largest chaebols′financial data (1989-1994), we analyzed empirically the effect of business portfolio properties on ROS (Return On Sales) which is conventional index for firm performance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness is not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI (Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and f[ are significant and positively related to the deepened variable. Third, the interaction term between TR and VI is significant and negatively affects TFP growth, meaning that TR and VI are substitutes. These results suggest strategic directions on restructuring business portfolio. As VI is increased, chaebols will get more profit. A higher level of either TR or W will increase TFP growth rate. but increase in both TR and VI will have a negative effect on TFP growth. To summarize, certain business portfolio properties such as VI and TR can be considered "resources" themselves since they can affect profit rate and productivity growth. VI and TR have a synergy effect of change in profit rate and productivity growth. VI increases ROS and productivity growth, while TR increases productivity growth representing a technological synergy effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.471-475
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• 2017

This study aims to suggest the methodology to improve to estimate back-calculated fish growth parameters using weighted average. It is to contribute to correct errors in the calculation of back-calculated growth equation with unequal numbers of sample by age. If the numbers of sample were evenly collected by age, each back-calculated length at age was equal between arithmetic and weighted averages. However, most samples cannot be evenly collected by age in reality because of different catchability by fishing gear and limitation of environment condition. Therefore, the estimation of back-calculated length by weighted average method is essential to calculate growth parameters. There were some published growth equations from back-calculated length using a simple arithmetic average with different numbers of samples by age when searching for back-calculated growth equations from 91 relevant papers. In this study, the process of deriving growth equation was investigated and two different average calculations were applied to a fish growth equation, for example of Acheilognathus signifer. Growth parameters, such as $L_{\infty}$, k and $t_0$, were estimated from two different back-calculated averages and the growth equations were compared with growth performance index. Based on the correction of back-calculated length using weighted average by age, the changes by female and male were -14.19% and -5.23% for $L_{\infty}$, and 59.28% and 18.91% for k, respectively. The corrected growth performance index by weighted average improved at 7.05% and 2.46% by female and male, respectively, compared to the arithmetic averages.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.587-595
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.50-74
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify a determent of mastery approach goal and performance approach goal using a basic concept of goal orientations and goal setting theory, and to evaluate a preference of goal achievement index as a balance score card (BSC). The study model proposed had a adoptable level of goodness of fit index(.94) and root mean square residual(.08). The meditating variable, goal contribution, totally mediated the impact of goal commitment, Y-theory human behavior, and self-efficacy but organizational resource contribution for pursuing goal orientation. Moreover, goal contribution significantly determined mastery approach goal(p<.01) and performance approach goal(.05). In standardized effects, the most powerful antecedent of mastery approach goal and performance approach goal were in order of organizational resource contribution(.27/.28), goal contribution(.21/.17), self-efficacy(.07/.06), and Y -theory human behavior and goal commitment(.05/.05), respectively. Moreover, goal contribution had a more powerful impact on mastery approach goal(.21) rather than performance approach goal(.17). In the preference of BSC, all job types preferred learning and growth index in first. In the second preference, medical doctors and pharmacists chose financial results, nurses customer service, and office managers internal processes. Each job type reflected its' own preferred BSC index to that of the other job types. In comparing a preference of four BSC index of each own job type, it was statistically different at p<.001. In conclusion, one who emphasize organizational goal contribution in pursuing goal orientation has a more strong orientation toward mastery approach goal rather than performance approach goal. A hospital should overcome and harmonize the different preferences of four BSC index since the differences might cause organizational conflicts among job types with having each unique professional norm.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.39.1-39.12
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• 2016

Background: The current study investigates the anti-stress effects of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) extracts (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) on serum antioxidant biomarkers, immune response, immunological organ growth index, and expression levels of acute phase proteins (APPs); ovotransferrin (OVT), ceruloplasmin (CP), ceruloplasmin (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid-A (SAA) mRNA in the immunological organs of 63-d-old male black-meated Silkie fowls subjected to 21 d chronic heat stress at $35{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Results: The results demonstrated that clove extract supplementation in the diet of Silkie fowls subjected to elevated temperature (ET) improve growth performance, immune responses, and suppressed the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD); reduced serum malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations when compared with fowls raised under thermoneutral condition (TC). Upon chronic heat stress and supplementation of clove extracts, the Silkie fowls showed a linear increase in GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and TXNRD activities (P = 0.01) compared with fowls fed diets without clove extract. ET decreased (P < 0.05) the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. However, the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus increased significantly (P < 0.05) which corresponded to an increase in clove supplemented levels. The expression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP, and SAA mRNA in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus were elevated (P < 0.01) by ET compared with those maintained at TC. Nevertheless, clove mitigates heat stress-induced overexpression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP and SAA mRNA in the immune organs of fowls fed 400 mg clove/kg compared to other groups. Conclusions: The results showed that clove extracts supplementation decreased oxidative stress in the heat-stressed black-meated fowls by alleviating negative effects of heat stress via improvement in growth performance, antioxidant defense mechanisms, immunity, and regulate the expression of acute phase genes in the liver and immunological organs.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2023

To evaluate the fire risk of combustible materials, Chung's equations VII, VIII, and IX were newly established. The fire risk index-IX (FRI-IX) and fire risk rating (FRR) were calculated. Ginkgo, dawn redwood, toona, lime, walnut, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were selected as test specimens. The combustion characteristics were evaluated using a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1. After combustion, the fire performance index-VII (FPI-VII) of the specimens, varied between 15.15 and 182.53 s²/kW, as determined by Chung's equations, and the fire growth index-VII (FGI-VII) varied between 0.0023 and 0.0165 kW/s². The fire performance index-VIII (FPI-VIII) based on PMMA varied between 0.29 and 3.45, and the fire growth index-VIII (FGI-VIII) varied between 2.88 and 20.63. The FRI-IX, which is the fire risk rating, showed dawn redwood has a very high fire risk, with FRI-IX values of 71.14 (fire risk rating: G). Therefore, wood with a large amount of volatile organic compounds and a low bulk density showed a high value of FRI-IX by lowering FPI-VII and FPI-VIII and increasing FGI-VII and FGI-VIII.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

Investigations were made on population biology of Pampus echinogaster (Basilewsky, 1855) in the coastal areas of Korea, Yellow Sea, between August 2005 and July 2006. Population structure was not significantly different between male and females. Monthly variation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of both sexes defined spawning period extending from March through July. A similar pattern was also observed in change at maturity stages. For males and females GSI was positively correlated with hepatosomatic index (HSI). Fecundity, ranging from 41,250 to 103,610 eggs, was related to body size, indicating that body size is the useful determinant of fecundity. The sexual maturity ($L_{50}$) was estimated as 14.98 cm TL for males and 19.32 cm TL for females. Parameters of growth estimated by the modified von Bertalanffy growth function model showed that the values of $L_{\infty}$ and K for combined data were 39.12 cm TL and 0.65 $yr^{-1}$. The growth performance index of this study (2.75) was higher than that of the previous study (2.45). This difference could be attributed to sampling method. The recruitment patterns indicated one normally distributed group. Percentage of the recruitment was 51.04% in the spawning season and the highest in August (19.78%).