• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.263-288
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• 2015

This study is to research the mediating effects of optimism and quality of relationship which interpersonal traumatic experience influences posttraumatic growth. It focuss on verifying the impact of interpersonal traumatic experience to optimism and quality of relationship and the influence of optimism and quality of relationship to posttraumatic growth. And also it is to verify dual mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Data for this study were collected through the use of a survey instrument completed by 405 interpersonal traumatic experience, 30-60 age group. Collected data were analysed by AMOS program, Structure Equation Model(SEM) was implemented to verify the mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Finally, Phantom Variable was utilized for verification of indirect influence of a multi mediating effects. The findings of this study were as follows, First, the result shows that the higher level interpersonal traumatic experience, the higher posttraumatic growth they have. Second, it shows that optimism and quality of relationship have partial mediating effect between interpersonal traumatic experience and posttraumatic growth. Third, it was analyzed that optimism and quality of relationship had double mediating effect. Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of intervene with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma. Theological, political and practical implications of this study are as follows. First, it has a series of significance in terms of that this study confirmed its influence considering the quality of relationship from interpersonal experience among relevant factors of traumatic accident, optimism among individual factors, quality of relationship among environmental factors based on 'the crisis of life and the theory of individual growth'. econd, even though optimism and quality of relationship were proved as major predictors for posttraumatic growth of those who experience interpersonal traumatic, psychological support center for traumatic experience is not operated systematically in Korea. Third, this study implies that it should intervene mainly with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma such as any abuses including sexual abuse, bullying, and divorce.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.241-265
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the historical origins of Latin American economic underdevelopment, by answering two research questions; 1)'Why is Latin America underdeveloped?' and 2)'How has colonial experience impacted on the economic growth in Latin America?' First, this essay analyzes long-term tendency of growth domestic product(GDP) per capita data. The data verify that current underdevelopment of Latin American economy is the result of economic stagnation during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when Latin America suffered political and economic instability before and after the independence from Spain and Portugal. It elucidates that colonial experience affected on the economic growth in Latin America. Second, this essay reviews key independent variables of the relationship between colonial experience and economic growth in Latin America. To do so, the study categorizes extant literature into two groups according to the type of its independent variables: 1)internal factor and 2)external factor. Finally, the essay surveys the role of institutions in Latin American economic growth and development. The survey confirms that the importance of institutions in the study of Latin American economic history. In addition, the essay suggests some tasks for further research in Latin American economic history; 1)the construction of basic economic data, 2)the substantialization of the role and characteristics of institutions, and 3)the expansion of research on institutions which overcomes ideological rigidity of existing institutional approach.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the levels of traumatic event experience, self disclosure, social support, and posttraumatic growth of intensive care unit nurses and their relationships. Methods: Participants were 142 nurses who had worked for more than 3 months in six general hospitals, J province from August 7 to September 25, 2020. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the program SPSS version 22.0. Results: The posttraumatic growth was found to correlate significantly with self disclosure (r=.23, p=.005), individual support (r=.54, p<.001), and organizational support (r=.32, p<.001). Factors influencing the participants of the posttraumatic growth were individual support (β=.46, p<.001) and organizational support (β=.21, p=.007). These factors explained 32.0% of the variance of ICU nurses' posttraumatic growth (F=14.13, p<.001). Conclusion: Efforts to support positive changes after traumatic event experience for ICU nurses are needed. We suggest to develop individual and organizational supportive programs for posttraumatic growth for ICU nurses and to investigate the effects of the programs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1123-1132
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• 2020

The aim of this paper is to understand the nature of transformation of the Chinese economy. China's approach to the process of economic development in the aftermath of the reforms in the late 1970's has been a success story and a phenomenon of great significance. It helped millions of people move out of poverty and achieve an acceptable standard of life. The economic policy of China was more effective than India's; we measured this effectiveness in terms of two fundamental approach: first, growth was fundamental for ensuring and increasing the wellbeing as it increases total output in China compare to India; second, growth was pro-poor in China, but not in India, during the period 2000-2011. In this paper, we seek to explain how China reduced extreme poverty through reforms, and this reform experience of China stands out for three reasons. The first is renewed thrust on the rural economy and private sector, second is decentralized planning, and third is investment in human resource development. This experience of China's reform success offers a significant lesson for most of the developing countries, especially India, since India has more similarities with China. Therefore, this experience is particularly insightful for India.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

In this study, we focused on the experience of interpersonal trauma among university students majoring in counseling psychology to understand the meaning of the trauma they experienced, and analyzed the process of their growth as counselors. To that end, we conducted a survey on interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic growth, and interviewed final six students in a face-to-face interview, and analyzed the collected data using the method of qualitative case study. As a result, the trauma and subsequent growth experience have been categorized into 38 semantic units, 15 subcategories and 5 categories, including 'Times of pain', 'A life of dealing with complex emotions alone', 'An experience of understanding and being understood', 'Attempts to change and new meanings' and 'Worries and expectations of growth as a counselor'. The results of this study are meaningful in providing basic information and educational materials needed for the intervention of students majoring in counseling psychology who have experienced trauma.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.21-30
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the moderating effect of mindset types on experience and perceived quality in virtual reality (VR) contexts and identify the relationships among mindset types, experience, perceived quality, attitude, and purchase. Research design, data and methodology: Using a survey, a total of 250 participants were recruited from South Korea. Participants were asked whether they have been VR users who had experienced VR before participating in the survey. We used the partial least squares method to test the hypotheses based on structural equation modeling. Results: The results show that experience, including spatial, reality, and sensory experiences, has positive effects on perceived quality. Additionally, the mindset moderates the relationship between experience and perceived quality such that consumers with experience are more likely to have greater perceived quality when they have a growth mindset compared to those with a fixed mindset. The VR context's perceived quality exerts positive effects on attitude toward the VR context, while attitude has positive effects on purchase intention. Conclusion: We suggest that the consumer's mindset might work as an essential moderating factor that influences the relationship between experience and perceived quality. Our findings can help marketers plan promotion strategies more effectively and cater to the different objectives of their contexts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.406-419
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• 2017

This study is to explore the essence and meaning of part-time job experience, in particular, to deduce growth experience through part-time jobs. This study is based on time-experience of phenomenological research method developed by the van Manen. For this research, the research data was collected by reviewing high school student part timer in Gyeonggi-do, those who had experience of average of two-year part time work or currently at work, and by undertaking in-depth interviews with seven of them from the March to April of 2017 with the agreements of the participants of this study. Time-experiences, i.e. part-time job experiences of youths, can be arranged as the following subjects. 'the feeling necessity part-time job and seeking it', 'adapting hard life of part-time', growth-experiencing through part-time work..The necessities for part-time job are feeling up consumption needs, aidsing domestic economy, pursuing independence, social and leisure life, self growth and preparing for the future. Adapting of part-time jobs are mastering, enduring, skillfuling work related to work adatation, and enduring ostracizing of old members, stopping and lasting, building bonds related to relationship adaptation. Growth-experiencing through part-time work are formig rational management for money, mental growth, preparing for the future. Based on these findings, the suggestion and limitation of the study were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 1997

This study aims at drawing implications for Korea's urban growth management policies from U.S.A's experience on this issue. This study analyzes two types of contradictions in planning and implementing urban growth management policies: 1) value conflicts in goal setting and 2) contradictions among different level of governments (local, province, nation). As mentioned by Campbell (1996), there are three types of conflicts in objective values (efficiency, equity, and environment protection): property contradiction between economic growth and equity, resource conflict between efficiency and environment protection, and development conflict between equity and environment protection in urban growth management policies. In implementing urban growth management three types of conflicts in goal values should been taken into consideration. Contradictions among local governments, province, and central government are also found in implementing growth management policies. The lessons from the United State are as follow: 1) growth management plans are initiated by the local government and during the planning process adjacent local governments review a local government's growth management plans and give inputs for the plan, 2) local government and State work together for growth management planning and specially, the State provides technical and financial assistance to local government, and 3) the State plays leading roles in local government's planning and implementing of growth management policies with carrot and stick policy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

The online shopping industry in China has experienced rapid growth, particularly in the infant goods sector, which is considered highly promising in terms of its growth potential. This growth can be attributed to the Chinese market's increasing economic power, the implementation of new policies concerning marriage and childbirth, changes in family structure, and evolving and diverse consumer demands for infant products. While the infant clothing industry has emerged as a significant player in the Chinese market, there is still a lack of sufficient academic research on the online shopping environment specific to China's infant clothing industry. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of online experiential marketing on brand loyalty and purchase intention among Chinese consumers of children's wear. The study findings indicated that the emotional experience, action experience, and relationship experience encountered by consumers during online interactions had a positive and significant impact on brand loyalty. Both perceptual experience and cognitive experience had a positive and significant influence on consumers' willingness to make a purchase. The study also revealed that brand loyalty had a positive and significant effect on consumers' purchase intention. The perception of online experiential marketing, brand loyalty, and purchase intention varied based on individual attributes, and gender was found to moderate the relationship between online experiential marketing and brand loyalty.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Current research and practice have increasingly sought to focus on approaches to facilitate innovation due to its expanding growth of the experience economy over the past decade. Normally, customer experience design aims to maximize the effectiveness of positive experience with a brand or company's touchpoints when customers make a purchase as well as use a certain product or service. In order to design a product or service that can provide varying levels of experiences, there needs more beneficial design process strategies to help resolve the changing nature of customer experience. Design process is one such approach that provides designers as well as researchers across various academic disciplines as an integral source of creativity, driving innovation and growth. In this regard, this study aims to look specifically at the nature of customer experience and attempts to understand what extent that design process in both practice and theoretical perspective can assist in customer experience improvement. As a further consequence, this study will focus on implementing the idea of circular design into the customer experience process, namely the Circular CX Design Process-which is expected to increase effectiveness and efficiency in addressing customer needs and demands as well as delivering positive experiences at various touchpoints along the customer journey.