• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

The growth accelerator period from a child's body into an adult body is a huge transition characterized by rapid growth in the near term. Body shape changes at this time of growth should be continually studied because they can result in different outcomes due to various variables. This study is basic study for the production of a junior brassiere patternmaking was conducted to separate the upper torso and breasts of adolescents by growth level. Analysis was conducted by age classification according to sales trends. In this study. 3D body shape data of Korean girls, Based on the 6th Size Korea data, analyzed statistically the upper body and breast according to the rate of growth. The results of this study represent the basis for the development of a junior brassiere to help lead a better life in regards to clothing. The study used 3D-data from girls aged 13 to 18. The analysis indicates that the upper body is in a different shape at age 15 with an increasing circumference, width and shoulder length of the chest; in addition, the sides are analyzed differently, suggesting that the brassiere configuration should be made differently at age 15. The breast form also showed different growth patterns at age 13 and the result was that the shape of the cup in brassiere should be configured differently depending on type.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2019

Purpose - This research is aimed to investigate the impact of the Information and Communication Technology (hereinafter ICT) development index and ICT investment on Indonesian economic growth. Research design, data and methodology - The data used consist of ICT development index, government expenditure on ICT sector, and economic growth from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015. Based on the Networked Readiness Index published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), Indonesia was ranked 80^th among 142 countries in 2012 and had climbed 64^th in 2014. This indicates that the businesses in Indonesia have adopted ICTs to increase productivity and expand their activities. Panel data regression analysis is performed to reveal the change of the impact over time in each of the provinces. Result - The ICT development index and government expenditure for ICT have a positive effect on the economic growth of all provinces, although the impact is different in each of the provinces. There is a digital gap between the provinces, especially the large digital gap occurring with DKI Jakarta. The provinces of Eastern Indonesia such as NTT and Papua are still relatively slow in development of ICT. Conclusions - ICT development index and allocation of local government expenditure for ICT have significant effect on economic growth. ICT development index has a bigger role in increasing economic growth.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

Conventional banks are often considered more efficient than Islamic banks because they have been operating for decades, but Islamic banks have shown rapid development recently. Therefore, this study mainly aims to compare the level of efficiency of conventional banks and Islamic banks and which ones have the best level of efficiency. This study employs panel data using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) as the data analysis technique. The data used is annual data from 13 conventional banks and 13 Islamic banks in Indonesia during the 2014-2019 period. The result shows no significant difference in the efficiency of conventional banks and Islamic banks. This result is presumably influenced by the small size of the bank and the total number of banks used in the study. The data used in the study is limited to the period from 2014 to 2019. The variables utilized are also limited to the availability of financial report data which is publicly published. This study provides additional empirical evidence regarding conventional banks' and Islamic banks' efficiency in Indonesian banking by using the latest data. While theoretically, Islamic banks are expected to be more efficient than conventional banks, this study did not find any strong support for the case in Indonesia during the observation period.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.129-150
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• 2024

This study utilized South Korean elementary and middle school student data to examine the longitudinal change trajectories of learning motivation types according to the longitudinal change trajectories of mathematics academic achievement. Growth mixture modeling, latent growth model, and multiple indicator latent growth model were used to examine various change trajectories for longitudinal data. As a result of the analysis, it was classified into 4 subgroups with similar longitudinal change trajectories of mathematics academic achievement, and the characteristics of the mathematics subject, which emphasize systematicity, appeared. Furthermore, higher mathematics academic achievement was associated with higher self-determination and higher academic motivation. And as the grade level increases, amotivation increases and self-determination decreases. This study suggests that teaching and learning support using this is necessary because the level of learning motivation according to self-determination is different depending on the level of mathematics academic achievement reflecting the characteristics of the student.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 1997

Densification behavior and grain growth of tool steel powder compacts during pressureless sintering, sinter forging, and hot isostatic pressing were investigated. Experimental data were compared with results of finite element calculations by using the constitutive model of Abouaf and co-workers and that of McMeeking and co-workers. Densification and deformation of tool steel powder compacts were studied by implementing power-law creep, diffusional creep, and grain growth into the finite element analysis. The shape change of a powder compact in the container during hot isostatic pressing was also studied. The theoretical models did not agree well with experimental data in sinter forging, however, agreed well with experimental data in hot isostatic pressing.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

Purpose - Multiple stakeholders-including politicians, investors, and the wider public-have questioned the value of investing in port infrastructure improvements and the contributions they can make to economic performance. Design/methodology - This paper presents an empirical study of 56 countries with seaports from the year 2006 to 2019 to determine how the quality of port infrastructure affects its contribution in terms of trade openness and economic growth. To this end, this study applies hierarchical multiple regression analysis with panel data to empirically examine the economic impact of port infrastructure quality on the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. After the 56 selected countries were categorized as developed or developing, a multi-group panel data analysis was conducted. Findings - The results of this study show that trade openness has a significant positive effect on the national economy. The findings also indicate that, although developing countries should expect greater economic growth after investing in port infrastructure, this relationship weakens as developing countries become richer. Originality/value - The findings of this study not only elucidate the relationship between trade openness and national economic growth, but they also emphasize the importance of trade openness and port infrastructure in national economic growth, particularly among developing countries.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.432-436
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• 2010

This paper investigates the productivity growth in Korean railway lines. The productivity growth is calculated by a process of measuring of pure efficiency change index(PECI), scale efficiency change index(SECI), and technical change index(TCI), using Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The data cover the period 1990~2007; 1990~2003 are the pre-structural reform years and the post-structural reform years are 2005~2007. The framework for the analysis is Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) of the to investigate the impacts of structural reform on productivity growth, respectively. The inputs considered are the length of operating line, the number of staff, the number of coach and wagon, and the outputs are the trains movement of passenger and freight, and the traffic of passenger and freight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.106-111
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• 2020

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the application of big data analysis technology is crucial in various industries. In this regard, considerable research is necessary to improve aquafarming productivity, particularly in fish culture, which is one of the primary industries in the world. In this study, a sample experiment using a flop was conducted to improve oyster productivity in fish farms, and a flush was installed in an environment similar to aquaculture farms. Thereafter, the temperature data of the water environment where the formation of burrows considerably improved were collected; the growth rate of burrow seeds was also measured. The gathered experimental data were examined by time series data analysis. Finally, a system that visualizes the analysis results based on big data is proposed. In accord with the results of this study, it is expected that more advanced research on the productivity improvement of oyster aquafarming will be performed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of climatic variables on tree-ring growth of Larix leptolepis distributed in Korea by dendroclimatological method. For this, annual tree-ring growth data of Larix leptolepis collected by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory were first organized to analyze yearly growth patterns of the species. To explain the relationship between tree-ring growth of Larix leptolepis and climatic variables, monthly temperature and precipitation data from 1950 to 2010 were compared with tree-ring growth data for each county. When tree-ring growth data were analyzed through cluster analysis based on similarity of climatic conditions, six clusters were identified. In addition, index chronology of Larix leptolepis for each cluster was produced through cross-dating and standardization procedures. The adequacy of index chronologies was tested using basic statistics such as mean sensitivity, auto correlation, signal to noise ratio, and expressed population signal of annual tree-ring growth. Response function analysis was finally conducted to reveal the relationship between tree-ring growth and climatic variables for each cluster. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics of Larix leptolepis and for predicting changes in tree growth patterns caused by climate change.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2015

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between tree-ring growth of Quercus acutissima and climatic variables by dendroclimatological method. Annual tree-ring growth data of Quercus acutissima collected by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory (NFI5) were organized to analyze the spatial distribution of the species growth pattern. To explain the relationship between tree-ring growth of Quercus acutissima and climatic variables, monthly temperature and precipitation data from 1950 to 2010 were compared with tree-ring growth data for each county. When tree-ring growth data were analyzed through cluster analysis based on similarity of climatic conditions, four clusters were identified. In addition, index chronology of Quercus acutissima for each cluster was produced through cross-dating and standardization procedures. The adequacy of index chronologies was tested using basic statistics such as mean sensitivity, auto correlation, signal to noise ratio, and expressed population signal of annual tree-ring growth. Response function analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between tree-ring growth and climatic variables for each cluster. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics of Quercus acutissima and for predicting changes in tree growth patterns caused by climate change.