• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty and to identify the rearing attitudes of mothers with chronically ill children, and to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty and the rearing attitude of these mothers. The subjects of this study consisted of 133 mothers with chronically ill children, registered at 2 university hospitals in Seoul. Data was collected from April 1 to May 31, 1996. The Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale(28-item 4 point scale) and the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (49-item 5 point scale) were used. Data was analyzed by Cluster analysis, ANOVA MANOVA and t-test. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high (Mn 2.48). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components slightly differed unpredictability(2.72), lack in clarity(2.58), vagueness (2.52) and lack of information(2.04) . The degree of perceived uncertainty of mothers with ill children revealed to be influenced significantly by the age of the ill children, duration of illness after the diagnosis, and the experience of hospitalization. 2. Among the rearing attitudes : moderatlely high affective(Mn 3.98) and resrictive(Mn 3.58) attitudes of mothers toward their ill children were identified. Mothers tend to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.38) and less rejection(Mn 2.81). 3. Mothers' rearing attitude were correlated with the degree of perceived uncertainty in illness ; mothers in the Low Perceived Uncertainty Group (Mn 1.99) revealed the highest affective (Mn 4.08), the lowest resrictive(Mn. 2.72) attitudes and tendency to give positive evaluations of their childrens' behaviors (Mn 3.54) compared to the High Perceived Uncertainty Group(Mn 3.26) and Moderate Perceived Uncertaity Group(Mn 2.57). 4. The degree of perceived uncertainty, the duration of illness after the diagnosis and the experience of hospitalization revealed to be significantly influential to the rearing attitude of mothers with chronically ill children. From the above results, it can be concluded that predicting and controlling mothers' uncertainty are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions and normal growth & development of the chronically ill children.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.884-891
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• 2022

Objective: Free-range systems have been increasingly available to the consumer due to increased demand for more sustainable meat-products. In the current study, the effect of free-range (FR) and cage system (CS) was explored on growth performance, meat quality and oxidation products in Italian White breed rabbits during the growing-fattening phase (5 to 13 weeks of age). Methods: Forty rabbits were randomly allotted to two treatment groups according to the rearing system, and each treatment group was replicated five times with four subjects in each replicate (20 rabbits per treatment-group). All rabbits fed the same diet as pelleted, and under FR system, no additional feeds were available to animals. Results: Rearing system had significant effect on rabbit growth performance, where CS group resulted in higher final body weight (p<0.045) and gain (p<0.029) and better feed efficiency (p<0.025) compared to FR rabbits. Most carcass traits were not affected by rearing system; however, a reduction of abdominal fat content (p<0.015) and meat lipids (p<0.034) was observed in FR rabbits. Rearing system had no effects on meat fatty acid profile, whereas meat from FR rabbits resulted less susceptible to lipid and protein oxidation compared to caged animals. Conclusion: In overall, FR system could be suggested as a substitute for conventional caged system because of FR system preserved rabbit meat from oxidation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.454-464
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the intention of pregnancy and the child rearing attitudes of mothers with infants. The data was collected from 138 mothers by means of an interview and questionnaire in a period from April 1 to April 30, 1997, when they came to have their infants vaccinated at one hospital and one health care center. The collected data was analyzed by means of the SPSS Program using percentage, means and standard deviation in each area and the ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows : 1. It showed that the mother's degree of intention of pregnancy was 3.90(±1.49) among the possible score of 0∼5 and the score of child rearing attitudes was 70.1 among the possible score of 20∼100. The mom score of the items was 3.50(±.36) among the possible score of 0∼5. 2. There was a significant relation between the intention of pregnancy and child rearing attitudes. It was mildly positive but was significant (r=.21, p＜0.05). 3. There was a significant relation between the period from marriage to the time of pregnancy and the intention or pregnancy(F=.57, p<0.05). Also, it was found out that the group of mothers who became pregnant later than 12 months after marriage wanted after pregnancy more than the group of women who were pregnant within 12 months after marriage(F=11.30, p<0.01). 4. There was a significant relation between the period from marriage to the time of pregnancy and child rearing attitudes(F=4.14, p<0.05), It showed that the child rearing attitudes of the group of women who became pregnant later than 12 months after marriage was positive(F=11.42, p<0.01). Also, in case that the both the husband and wife decided on the pregnancy, the child rearing attitudes were more positive (F=7.15, p< 0.05). In conclusion, when the intention of pregnancy was stronger, the subjects' child rearing attitudes were more positive. Also when both the husband and wife decided on the pregnancy, the attitudes were more positive. So it seems that both husband and wife should discuss and agree upon pregnancy, having a sufficient period during which both the spouses prepare for the intention of pregnancy. Additionally, it is suggested that when the husband and wife are doing family planning, it would be beneficial to use a program of 'Woman's Intention on Pregnancy' during this process.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of coping with marital conflict and child-rearing stress among mothers of young children. The participants were 166 mothers of children who were between 3 years and 7 years of age, living in the North Kyongsang Province. Paired t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation and partial correlation analyses were conducted for this study. The results of this study were as follows. (1) In those situations where the participants experienced marital conflict and child-rearing stress, they were more likely to use an avoidance coping strategy than an approach coping strategy. (2) Among the mothers who were experiencing marital conflict or child-rearing stress, the group that suffered a higher level of stress was more likely to employ an avoidance coping strategy. However, there were no differences in the approach coping behavior by the level of stress. (3) When the level of marital conflict and child-rearing stress were controlled, approach coping behavior with marital conflict was still moderately correlated with approach coping behavior with child-rearing stress.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of affectionate child-rearing behavior on children's self esteem. The sample group was composed of 200 forth and sixth grade elementary school students. The statistics used for this data were frequency, percentile, averages, standard deviation, Cronbach's alpha, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major findings of the research were as follows: First, the scores of affectionate child-rearing behavior(3.60), global self-worth(3.58), social acceptance(3.46) and behavior conduct(3.28) were higher than the mean scores. On the contrary the scores of cognitive ability(2.95), physical ability(2.94) and physical appearance(2.85) were lower than the mean scores. Second, there were significant differences in cognitive ability based on gender(p＜.01) and global self-worth based on grade(p<.05). Third, the influence of affectionate child-rearing behavior on children's self esteem was found to be significant due to the sub-areas of self-esteem. Affectionate child-rearing behavior affects all sub-areas of self-esteem. Affectionate child-rearing behavior affects cognitive ability(p<.001), physical ability(p＜.01), physical appearance(p＜.01), social acceptance(p＜.001), behavior conduct(p＜.01) and global self-worth(p＜.001). In addition, gender(p＜.01) affects cognitive ability and grade(p＜.05) affects global self-worth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.53-69
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• 2009

Having developed a parent education program for guidance of internet-using children, we evaluated the effectiveness of this program. The program consisted of five two-hour sessions. It was test-run with nineteen participants, which included mothers of elementary school children. In the evaluation of the program, we employed so-called 'pretest-posttest control group design' which compares the difference in the parenting sense of competence, parents' sense of role satisfaction, parents' sense of insecurity, and parents' rearing attitudes between the experimental group and the control group. Program evaluation revealed that the parenting sense of competence and role satisfaction increased in the group that participated in the program compared to the non-participating group. Furthermore, the parents' sense of insecurity decreased and democratic rearing attitudes were fostered in the participating group.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.57-74
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find which variable has the biggest effect on the school life adjustment of elementary school students among family strength, self-esteem, and the mother's rearing attitude. Second, the study observes how the elementary school student's self-esteem has a moderating effect regarding the rearing attitudes of their mothers and their school life adjustment. Five hundred forty-five fifth and sixth graders from an elementary school in Cheonan, are the participants of this study. The key research findings of this study are as follows: First, among the rearing attitudes of the mothers, family strength, and self-esteem, the variable that showed the greatest relationship with positive school life adjustment was family strength followed by self-esteem. Second, The self-esteem of the elementary school students showed a 1% moderating significant effect between the rearing attitudes of the mothers and school life adjustment. In the high self-esteem group of elementary school students, the moderating effect of self-esteem showed a higher level of school life adjustment when the students perceived that their mother had an affectionate rearing attitude, but showed a lower level of school life adjustment if they perceived their mother's rearing attitude as rejective or overprotective. Therefore, this study suggests that a focus on increasing self-esteem and family strength along with the affectionate rearing attitude of mothers is needed for the positive adjustment of elementary school students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.701-709
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• 2004

A cultural model can change as times go by within one ethnic group. For example, a strong familism has existed for a long time throughout a history of Korea, but it is, just like most social values, now in the midst of a rapid change. Accordingly, Koreans' belief about family values and responsibility for supporting their old parents are changing, too. Especially, supporting parents was one of the highly-estimated traditional values, but it seems to no longer exist. However, one's own rearing experience might be a moderator of association of his or her familism with the ebbing value. Therefore, we aim to address the following research question: What is the relations among college student's familism, their own rearing experiences, and their beliefs about supporting old parents. A total of 155 college students participated in this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS. T-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings are that college students' beliefs in supporting parents are significantly influenced by their familism and rearing experiences: Those with a strong familism and warm rearing experience have solid beliefs in supporting parents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.299-308
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• 2015

This study investigated the differences of the ego-resilience and disagreement in parents' rearing attitude according to the levels of the smartphone addiction of adolescents. To conduct this study, 317 adolescents participated in the survey. The major findings of the study was as follows: First, the smartphone addiction rate was 21.1%, which the high risk group rate was 5.3% and potential risk group rate was 15.8%. Second, ego-resilience was indicated to be lower in the high risk user group than the potential risk user group and the general user group, and disagreement in parents' rearing attitude was indicated to be higher in the high risk user group than the general user group, thereby having indicated to have statistically significant difference. The results of this study, it could be known that ego-resilience and agreement of parents' rearing attitude was significant factors to prevent smartphone addiction of adolescents.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze women's health problems using Green & Kreuter's(1991) PRECEDE model and to develop health education program for women's health. The subjects were recruited women from Wonju city 18 years or older. 1. The results showed that about 50% of the women were satisfied with their lives as women, 23% of the sample felt there was a need for a women's health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1 and the prevalence rate, 44.4%. 2. We developed on educational program according to group differences related to health problems, diagnosis of disease, variables influencing health promotion behavior, and programs which each group wanted. Also we stressed self-efficacy and self-help group for the management of individual health to all groups. 3. The diagnoses of diseases that were experienced premarital over the past year were gastritis, bronchitis, spinal disk, and fracture, for the childbearing/rearing group, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, cervical cancer and cystitis and nephritis and arthritis and for the middle-aged/elderly group arthritis, gastritis, vaginitis and cervicitis, and spinal disk. Of the sample 30.5% did not have a health exam in the past year, and only 10% of the premarital group, 12.5% of the childbearing/child-rearing group, and 18.3% of the middle aged-elderly group were concerned about their health and did something for their health. 4. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41. the HPLP was scores according to group were found to have significant differences. self-efficacy, family functions, health attention and were considered important variables in the premarital group, in the childbearing/child-rearing group self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, and health perception and power others locus of control and then for the middle aged-elderly group self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception. 5. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. The premarital group requested the educational programs on diet, health exercise, family health and stress management. Also the childbearing/child-rearing group wanted programs on diet, family health, stress management, and health exercise, and the middle-aged/elderly group wanted that of family health, diet, climacteric changes stress management and health exercise. The program suggested that this program should be applied to women in the community to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research with PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes, also, a women's health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life for women.