• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.337-354
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• 1989

In order to evaluate the noisy environment and hearing loss of workers served in noisy working environment, the author investigated 212 manufacturing industries located in Ulsan Industrial District that could be observed for 3 successive years from 1986 to 1988. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There was increased tendency in the number of workers served in noisy working environment and that of examined of hearing loss for three years. 2. In the noise level of working environment, the number of industries less than 89dB(A) was increased every year, while more than 90dB(A) was in decreasing tendency. 3. Mean hearing loss by frequency was the most prominent in 4,000Hz, the level of hearing loss was in increasing tendency yearly, and that of left eat was higher than right ear in almost all type of industry. 4. In 1986, the level of hearing loss by type of industry was highest in manufacture of electric and electronic, and followed by paper and plywood, and metal products in right ear: that was in the order of manufacture of electric and electronic, metal products and textile products in left ear. In 1987, that was in the order of manufacture of metal products, machinery and others in right ear, and metal products, machinery and food stuff in left ear in 1988, manufacture of others, food stuff and machinery in both ear. 5. In hearing loss by service duration, right ear of 5-9 years group was higher than that of less than 5 years in 1987, whereas in 1988, the longer in service duration, the higher in the level of hearing loss in both ear. 6. In 1986, 1987 and 1988, the prevalence rate of noise-induced hearing loss were showed increasing tendency as 0.4% ,0.8% and 1.5% , respectively, and manufacture of textile products was highest(1.0%) in 1986, machinery(1.2%) in 1987 and others(2.8%) in 1988. 7. The proportion of grade E in early loss index were 76.1% (1986), 78.2% (1987) and 80.5% (1988) in left ear, 75.9% (1986), 76.4% (1987) and 75.9% (1988) in right ear.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

Genetic variation in the domestic silkworm strains (Bombyx mori) and phylogenetic relationships between domestic silkworms and wild silkworms (B. mandarina) were investigated by using a portion of mitochondrial CGI gene sequences. Ten geographic strains of B. mori we sequenced were identical in the 410 bp-section of mitochondrial COI gene. This sequence was also identical to the homologous sequence of the four Gen-Bank-registered strains, but one strain of B. mori differed a single nucleotide (0.2%) from others. MtDNA homogeneity in the B. mori strains appears to be resulted from fixation into the mast frequent mtDNA type during the course of breeding for new strains, in which an extensive indoor rearing and removal of unwanted individuals were accompanied. In the comparisons between domestic and wild silkworms, some wild silkworms were closely related to domestic silkworms (0.2%-1.2% of divergence), but the others were not (2.7%-3.7% of sequence divergence). This result was also reflected in the phylogenetic analyses, showing two independent phylogenetic groups: one including all B. mandarina sequences and the other including both B. mandarina and B. mori sequences. Thus, domestic silkworms may have been derived from the ancestor of B. mandarina, which belongs to this group, alto-ough more extensive study will provide better understanding on this issue.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

This study focuses on the mediated effect of value of children with a purpose of examining the influence of maternal family-of-origin. A group of 247 mothers having young children in the age of 3 to 5 years participated in a survey which is consisted of the scale of family-of-origin experiences, parenting attitude and value of children. The study results show four aspects: First, family-of-origin experiences have positive effect on value of children. Second, maternal value of children also appears to be positive on parenting attitude. Third, family-of-origin experiences have positive effect on parenting attitude. Lastly, value of children shows mediated effect between family-of-origin experience and parenting attitude. In other words, having high level of positive awareness in family-of-origin experiences brings positive value of children, and the value of children brings positive effect on parenting attitude. Therefore, multilateral measures and methodical supports are needed to develop positive value of children, and consideration on father is required as a joint partner of rearing children.

• Korean Journal of Play Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.449-471
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• 2018

This instrumental case study analysed the play engaged in during play therapy sessions provided for a child suffering from tension, embarrassment, and anxiety. The client, a 4-year-old girl, was referred to play therapy due to high levels of difficulties in expressing her thoughts, and her refusal to engage in group activities at a child care center. Child initiative play therapy and the consultation with the mother focused on building her child rearing skills and helping her create a facilitating environment for her child were employed as the therapeutic intervention. The teacher's weekly report focused on child behaviors at the child care center were continued during the sessions. 12 play therapy sessions were provided and there was a follow-up session after one month. The process of the play therapy itself and the themes thus revealed were analyzed on the basis of Erikson's developmental theory and the findings provide implications for mental health professionals.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the developmental characteristics and genetic diversity of seven populations of two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)) raised in South Korea. Regarding the developmental characteristics of the species, we observed no statistically significant difference in the weight of the nymphs in the six populations we tested. After molting, although weight differences were observed between the populations in each stage of the developmental period, the average weight for each developmental stage was constant. We also analyzed mitochondrial COI gene sequences (DNA barcoding region) of the reared crickets collected from five insect farms and two national insect rearing facilities and the resultant sequences were analyzed together with the 12 sequences from foreign countries specimens obtained from public data. We detected six haplotypes from 111 specimens, indicating a low intraspecific genetic distance (~1.8%). The most dominant haplotype was overwhelmingly haplotype 1, which was found in all South Korean specimens and four specimens from China, Indonesia, and Germany. These findings indicate that the low genetic diversity of South Korean specimens can be explained by the fact that the G. bimaculatus population imported for feed from Japan in the early 2000s became a maternal group that spread throughout cricket farms in South Korea. In order to breed healthy cricket strains, it is necessary to increase genetic diversity by importing them from other countries through appropriate quarantine procedures.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 2001

This study analyzed the services as operated by the Child Health Telephone Service Center. The Center is a toll free service operated as part of the community services of the Korean Academic Society of Child Health Nursing. The aim of the study was to describe the concerns of child caregivers regarding child health care as discussed during telephone counseling. Specific objectives were as follows: 1. To analyze the activities of the Center. 2. To describe the characteristics of caregivers who made phone calls for counseling services and also the characteristics of their children. 3. To analyze the content of the counseling sessions. 4. To analyze counseling content according to the characteristics of the caregivers and their children. Data used for the study were obtained from the counseling records for the period from Sept. to Dec. 1999, as kept by the three counselors at the Center. The total number of calls was 8,261 and that consisted of 15,150 questions. The total questions were merged into 13,236 by eliminating those questions which overlapped or were of similar content. The final 13,236 questions were used for the final analyses. Almost of the callers (98.4％) were mothers. Among them 89.6％ were between 25 and 35 years of age. Geographical distribution of the callers covered the whole nation. The largest numbers who made the calls were from the Seoul metropolitan area (36％), followed by 28％ from Kyung Gi Province, and 20％ were from the Kyung Sang area. Among 8,261 callers, 72.8％ were first users. Sex of the babies and children in question for counseling was about even for males and females and ages ranged from one month to six years. The largest group (62.5％) was the less than six month age group. The finalized 13,236 questions/problems were categorized into 11 problem areas. They were in order of frequency, physical problems, feedings and nutrient concerns, information on child rearing, growth and development, guidance on utilization of child care facilities, elimination problems, sleeping concerns, immunization related concerns, behavior problems, injury and accidents, and safety measures. The most frequent problems for counseling were physical signs and symptoms (27.3％), followed by feeding and nutrients, information on child rearing, and growth and development. Of physical problems, abnormal gastrointestinal signs and symptoms were the most frequent concern and skin problems were next at 25％ and 23.3％ respectively. Loose bowels, vomiting and constipation were the most frequent gastrointestinal problems. Atopic dermatitis had the highest frequency at 53.3％ with diaper rash being the second highest among the skin problems. About 80％ of the growth and developmental category were physical development concerns related to physiological, body growth, and motor and sensory development. This study constitutes the activity report for the first year of the Center. The findings correspond with literature reports on child health problems and parents educational needs. One recommendation from this study is that since the services of the Center are carried out only by telephone, the psychology of the counselees and the counselor relationship must be considered for better services.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1005-1016
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of mothers on their children's oral health and their concern for that by socio-demographic characteristics and the relationship of their awareness of methods of dental-caries prevention to their practice of the methods. Methods : The subjects in this study were 337 guardians of preschoolers at kindergartens and daycare centers. A self-administered survey was conducted from April 25 to May 27, 2011, and the collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS 18.0. Results : 1.Self-rated concern for children's oral health, 87.7 percent and 12.1 percent replied, "So-so." Whether they were working or not and whether they were mainly responsible for child rearing made significant differences to that(p<.05). 2. As to subjective awareness of their children's oral health, the largest group of the mothers answered "So-so." (44.9%) The second replied that their children were in good oral health(40.5%), and the third group in poor oral health(14.2%). 3. The relationship between self-rated concern for their children's oral health and awareness of methods of caries prevention, statistically significant differences were found according to toothbrushing education and sealant(p<.05). There were no statistically significant differences in practice, but application of fluoride was the least. 4. The relationship between self-rated awareness for their children's oral health and awareness of the preventive methods of caries, there were statistically significant gaps in awareness of toothbrushing education(p<.05). In practice, statistically significant gaps were found in practice of toothbrushing education and sugar-intake restriction(p<.01). 5. In regard to the correlation between awareness and practice of the preventive methods of caries, awareness of all the factors involving toothbrushing education, sealant, application of fluoride and restriction of sugar intake had a significant positive correlation to practice of them. Better awareness led to better practice. Conclusions : In order to ensure children's successful oral health care, more authentic education of how to prevent dental caries should be offered by experts such as dental hygienists and dentists. Especially, detailed information on application of fluoride, restriction of sugar intake and pit and sealant should be provided for mothers to help their children to stay away from dental caries.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze womens' health problems using Green & Kreuter's 1991 PRECEDE model and to develop a model for a womens' health care center located in the community. The subjects were recruited from Wonju City. 1. The results showed that 23% of the sample population felt there was a need for a womens' health care center. The mean number of health problems was 3.1. The prevalence rate, was 44.4%, and the rate for an artificial abortion, was 36.4%. Also 30.5% did not have a health examination in the past year. Women using the hospital for medical care accounted for 45% of the sample, while 40% used the drugstore. The average score on the HPLP was 2.41, and this was influenced by self-efficacy, family support, sexual role, and health locus of control. There are a few educational programs in the city provided by the Wonju Health Center and by community health nurse practitioners. 2. The nursing center, as defined in North America, is a nurse-anchored system of primary health care delivery or neighborhood health center. Centers offer various services ranging from primary care to the more traditional such as education, health promotion, wellness screening, and coordination of services by advanced practice nurses. For examples in Sweden MCH centers provide total services for childbearing women and their families, sexual counseling and education for adolescents, and screening by midwives for cervical cancer. 3. The developed model combines purpose, target population, organization, and services, and is related to health resources. The purpose is primary health care and promotion of the quality of life. The target population can be grouped according to the life cycle, (premarriaged age group, the childbearing/child rearing age group, and middle aged and elderly women) and focuses on self-help. The organization of the center includes an advisory committee to plan and evaluate, and a health services team that will be multidisciplinary to provide health care, counseling education, and research. The model development suggested that a variety of women's health care centers are needed to insure adequate management of women's health. Follow-up research using PROCEED is needed to analyze health outcomes. Also a health nursing specialist system is required to develop health promotion, and improve the quality of life of women.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 1998

To substitute fromzed and freeze-dried food for live food in the development of the artificial seedling production of bivalve larvae, the dietary value of live T. suecica was compared with those of freeze-dried T. suecica, frozed T. suecica, live T. suecica (50%)+frozen T. suecica (50%), and live T. suecica (50%)+freeze-dried T. suecica (50%) in the rearing of oyster (Crassotrea gigas) and hen clam (Mactra chinensis) larvae, and manila clam (Tapes philipninarum) spats. Oyster larvae fed live T. suecica showed the highest growth (shell hight $231.9^{\mu}$m) and survival rate (72.6%) and those fed freeze-dried T. suecica showed the lowest growth (shell height $168.9^{\mu}$m) and survival rate (35.3%). However, in the hen clam larvae, there were not significantly different among diet group in growth and survival rate. The small spats of manila clam fed live t. suecica or live T. suecica (50%)+freeze-dried T. suecica (50%) showed higher growth and survival rate than those fed other diet group. In the case of large spats of manila clam, live T. suecica and live T. suecica (50%)+frozen T. suecica (50%) showed better growht. But, survival rates were not different among diet groups. Dietary valuse of frozen and dried T. suecica were different on species and growth stage, and frozen and freeze-dried T. suecica can be partially used as substitute food for T. suecica live T. succica in shellfish hatchery.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

To study the possible use of probiotics in fish farming, The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB I-3 (MB I-3) against the fish pathogenic bacterium Listonella anguillarum were evaluated. The inhibitory effects of MB I-3 against vibrios were investigated by the double layer method and the co-culture. The results showed that MB I-3 inhibited the growth of pathogenic vibrios including Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio furnissii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Extracellular substances obtained from the cultural supernatant of MB I-3 by ethyl acetate extraction showed inhibitory effects on L. anguillarum. The antibacterial substance of MB I-3 was evaluated to destroy the cell membrane of L. anguillarum in electron micrographs. The probiotic effects of MB I-3 was tested by exposing olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fry to L. anguillarum with or without MB I-3. The cumulative mortality of olive flounder fry infected with L. anguillarum was 24% in the group with MB I-3, while it was 46% in the control group without MB I-3. These results indicate that MB I-3 has potential applications as a probiotic for the control of fish pathogenic vibrios in fish rearing system.