• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

In the present study, effects of concentration of cryoprotectant solutions on the nuclear maturation of vitrifiedthawed porcine oocytes were examined. Oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5% FBS at $38^{\circ}$C in 5% $C0_2$ and air. The percentage of monospermy in the toxicity group and vitrification group (22.0 ${\pm}$ 3.0% and 31.5 ${\pm}$ 3.5%) was decreased compared with that of the control group (44.0 ${\pm}$ 4.0%). The percentage of in vitro development to blastocyst in the toxicity group and vitrification group (12.0 ${\pm}$ 2.5% and 14.8 ${\pm}$ 2.8%) was decreased compared with that of the control group (28.0 ${\pm}$ 3.0%, p<0.05). The survival and in vitro developmental rate of oocytes vitrification-thawed with EDS and EDT + TCM-199 medium supplemented with 0.1% PVA were 46.3 ${\pm}$ 3.0%, 54.5 ${\pm}$ 3.8% and 14.8 ${\pm}$ 2.5%, 16.4 ${\pm}$ 2.7%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group (28.0 ${\pm}$ 3.5%). The in vitro developmental rate of embryos vitrified with EDS and EDT supplemented PVA did not have a significant difference. The survival and in vitro developmental rate of vitrified-thawed morula and blastocyst embryos were 44.2 ${\pm}$ 3.5%, 17.3 ${\pm}$ 3.0% and 48.1 ${\pm}$ 4.2%, 18.5 ${\pm}$ 3.5%, respectively. Vitrified morulae and blastcyst embryos had a lower survival and developmental rates than their control counterparts.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2015

Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside, isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. It possesses a broad range of biological and pharmacological activity including anti-tumor, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant by acting as a free radical scavenger. Therefore, in this study, the effects of catalpol on blastocyst development, expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic index were investigated in porcine embryos. After in vitro maturation and fertilization, porcine embryos were cultured for 6 days in porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3) supplemented with catalpol (0, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}M$, respectively). Blastocyst development not significantly improved in the catalpol treated group when compared with control group. Otherwise, the intracelluar levels of ROS were decreased and the numbers of apoptotic nuclei were reduced in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated porcine blastocysts (P<0.05). On the other hand, blastocyst development was significantly improved in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group when compared with the untreated catalpol group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Otherwise, the intracellular levels of ROS in catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group were significantly decreased in the untreated catalpol group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Furthermore, the total cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the catalpol ($100{\mu}M$) treated group under $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$) induced oxidative stress, whereas numbers of apoptoic nuclei were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment of catalpol may have important implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality of porcine embryos through its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effect.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1997

Objective: To investigate effects of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation on the chromosome of the human immature oocytes. Design: Intact cumulus-enclosed immature oocytes were collected from unstimulated ovaries and divided into three groups, such as no treatment as control (group 1), only 1,2-propanediol (PROH)-treated (group 2), and cryopreserved oocytes (group 3). Oocytes in group 1, 2, and survived oocytes after cryopreservation in group 3 were cultured for 48 hours. Setting: Infertility Medical Center at the CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Patients: Oocytes were obtained from Patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Maturation rate, abnormality in chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: There was no effect of PROH only treatment on the chromosomal abnormalities in group 2 compared to control oocytes (41.4% and 31.8%, respectively). Whereas significantly increased abnormalities in chromosome (77.8%) were found in group 3. Conclusions: Human oocytes matured in vitro after cryopreservation at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage showed increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. These abnormalities may impair the capacity for further development of the embryos derived from frozen-thawed oocytes.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2012

Purpose: Precocious puberty is defined as breast development before the age of 8 years in girls. The present study aimed to reveal the diagnosis of Korean girls referred for precocious puberty and to compare the constitutional and endocrinological features among diagnosis groups. Methods: The present study used a retrospective chart review of 988 Korean girls who had visited a pediatric endocrinology clinic from 2006 to 2010 for the evaluation of precocious puberty. Study groups comprised fast puberty, true precocious puberty (PP), pseudo PP, premature thelarche, and control. We determined the height standard deviation score (HSDS), weight standard deviation score (WSDS), and body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) of each group using the published 2007 Korean growth charts. Hormone tests were performed at our outpatient clinic. Results: The PP groups comprised fast puberty (67%), premature thelarche (17%), true PP (15%), and pseudo PP (1%). Advanced bone age and levels of estradiol, basal luteinizing hormone (LH), and peak LH after gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing were significantly high in the fast puberty and true PP groups compared with the control group. HSDS, WSDS, and BMISDS were significantly higher in the true PP group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The frequent causes of PP were found to be fast puberty, true PP, and premature thelarche. Furthermore, BMISDS were significantly elevated in the true PP group. Therefore, we emphasize the need for regular follow-up of girls who are heavier or taller than others in the same age group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 1993

This study was performed to estimate the effect of plaque control on the progress of the repair pattern of the alveolar bone surface after bone surgery. In this experiment six mongrel dogs were used, four of them were as experimental group and others were as control. In the case of experimental group, dental floss ligature was tied over the neck of crown for permiting of plaque accumulation during one week before surgery and oral hygiene procedures were not performed. In control group, all the surgical intervention was done as same procedure with experimental except oral hygiene program. After surgery plaque was controlled during one week with using the chlorhexidine brushing. Animals were sacrificed at 1,2,4,6 weeks after osseous surgery. The results were as follows : 1. The alveolar bone defects were covered with regenerated epithelium at one week, matrix change of granulation tissue on subcutaneous area was observed, and new bone formation was initiated from the surface of the bone defects. 2. The connective tissue arrangement revealed more dense, new bone formation by osteoblasts was active at 2 weeks and proliferation of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone tissue were evident at 4 weeks, and almostly recovered to normal condition at 6 weeks. 3. In experimental group, inflammatory reaction was persistent in early stage and bone repair was delayed compared to control group. 4. In control group, matrix change of granulation tissue was initiated from one week, regeneration of gingival epithelium and maturation of subcutaneous conective tissue and new bone formation were evident at 2 weeks, so almost normal bone regeneration was observed at 4,6 weeks.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to choose more effective neuro-protective acupuncture point and to verify the effect of acupuncture in promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis as a result of its neuro-vasculo-regenerative effect in middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. Methods : By TTc staining we chose the most effective acupuncture point with neuro-protection. We randomly divided into four groups: Such as (1) sham group(with sham-operation), (2) sham+acupuncture group(with sham-operation), (3) middle cerebral artery occlusion group, (4) MCAO+AT group. Acupuncture procedure was performed for four days. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent, according to the manufacturer's instructions, and was purified using an RNAeasy mini kit. Immuno-histochemistry was performed using primary antibody mouse anti-BrdU, NeuN, Dcx, and VEGF. Results : We found that $ST_{36}$ had the more neuroprotective effect than $LI_{11}$ and $SP_3$. The microarray analysis revealed that 54 genes were more expressed neurogenesis pathway in MCAO+AT group compared with MCAO group(fold changes greater than or equal to twofold change). 11 genes were more expressed angiogenesis pathway. And 7 genes were more expressed VEGF pathway. Immuno-histochemistry revealed that cell proliferation, cell migration and cell maturation were increased. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that acupuncture on $ST_{36}$ had neuro-protective and neuro-restorative effect in ischemic brain injuries. And its mechanism might be related to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis. These results suggest that acupuncture have potential benefits for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2020

Objective: The feasibility of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger in normal responders is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the number of mature oocytes, the number of good-quality embryos, and the live birth rate in normal responders triggered by GnRHa alone, GnRHa and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; a dual trigger), and hCG alone. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the infertility clinic of a university hospital. Data from 200 normal responders who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection with a GnRH antagonist protocol between January 2016 and January 2017 were reviewed. The first study group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by GnRHa alone. The second study group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by both GnRHa and low-dose hCG (a dual trigger). The control group consisted of patients with cycles triggered by hCG alone. Results: The groups were comparable in terms of demographics and cycle characteristics. The numbers of total oocytes retrieved and metaphase II oocytes were similar between the groups. The total numbers of top-quality embryos were 3.2±2.9 in the GnRHa group, 4.4±3.2 in the dual-trigger group, and 2.9±2.1 in the hCG group (p=0.014). The live birth rates were 21.4%, 30.5%, and 28.2% in those groups, respectively (p=0.126). Conclusion: In normal responders, a dual-trigger approach appears superior to an hCG trigger alone with regard to the number of top-quality embryos produced. However, no clinical benefit was apparent in terms of live birth rates.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1983

종전에는 Brassica napus에서 성분이 개량되지 않은 유채의 일반 품종들의 Winter type만을 대상으로 춘파성 정도를 분류하고 추태로서 분류기준을 삼았으나 본 시험에서는 같은 B. napus인 Summer type까지를 포함하고 성분이 개량된 양질유ㆍ양박 품종을 공시하여 임실여부로서 분류기준을 삼는 새로운 분류를 시도하여 춘파성 정도를 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현재 목포지장에서 보유하고 있는 양질유ㆍ양박 유채(Brassica napus) 품종 및 육성계통들은 8단계 group으로 춘파성 정도를 분류할 수 있었고 춘파성 정도 제Ⅶ group는 Summer type의 계통들이 이에 속하였으며 이들 계통은 Oro, Midas 등의 Summer type의 품종과 교배하여 선발된 계통들이었다. 2. 춘파 파종기에 따른 성숙기변화는 춘파시기가 늦을수록 성숙기는 지연되는 경향이었고 춘파성 정도가 높음에 따라 생육일수와 적산온도가 줄어드는 경향이었다. 3. 춘파성 정도와 내한성 관계는 춘파성 정도가 높을수록 내한성이 낮았으며 춘파성 정도와 초성간에는 춘파성이 높을수록 초성에서 I형에 가깝고 주경의 신장이 분지보다 빈약한 바 이들 모든 상호관계는 고도의 부상관으로 나타났다. 4. 월동에 안전한 추파재배용계통은 춘파성 정도가 낮은 0, I, II group로서 공시품종중 59 품종이 이에 속하였다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.30-30
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• 2001

The culture of preantral follicles has important biotechnological implications through its potential to produce the large quantity of oocytes for embryo production, transgenesis research, conservation of rare breed, and a potential source of ovarian genetic material. The present study was conducted to establish the optimal conditions of in vitro culture for intact bovine preantral follicles; and to examine the developmental ability of oocytes derived from the in vitro-grown preantral follicles; and to investigate the effects of various concentrations of FSH and LH on these processes. Bovine preantral follicles (150 $\pm$ 1.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), surrounded by theca cell, were isolated enzymetically and mechanically from ovarian cortical slides in Leibovitz L-15 medium containing 1 mg/$m\ell$ collagens and 0.2 mg/$m\ell$ DNase I and cultured for 25 days in the presence of different concentrations of bovine FSH and LH in $\alpha$MEM medium with insulin, transferrin, and selenite. The survival was tested by frypan Blue and Hematoxylin. The survival and growth rates of follicles were higher in FSH treatment groups than these in control (P<0.001), but there were no significant differences between the LH treatment groups and the control. In 25 days, the survival and growth rates of follicles in FSH and LH treatment group (50%, 300$\pm$1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) were higher than in FSH treatment group (40%, 244$\pm$0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and the control group (25%, 160$\pm$ 1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Fifty-five percent of healthy antral follicles were obtained, and 60% of the oocytes complete meiotic maturation to the metaphase II stage. Twenty-two percent of the mature oocytes underwent cleavage, and 9% developed to the blastocyst stage. In this study, in vitro-grown oocytes (111 $\pm$ $1.5mutextrm{m}$), under our culture conditions, were not equivalent in size to the in vivo-grown oocytes (130$\pm$1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). Therefore, these results suggest that bovine preantral follicles with intact theca cell can grow to the antral stage in 25days, and that oocytes from those follicles can acquire the meiotic competence and normally undergo fertilization and development to the blastocyst stage. However, the developmental capacity of in vitro-grown oocytes is presumably not comparable to those of the in vivo counterparts.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권1호통권90호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2002

과증식된 아데노이드가 악골의 성장에 영향을 미치는가에 대한 대답은 아직도 논란의 여지가 많다. 일부에서는 구호흡의 병력을 가진 환자에서 좁은 안면 폭경, 돌출된 치아, 안정시 입술의 이개, 전안면고경의 증가, 큰 수평피개와 감소된 수직피개를 보이는 아데노이드 안모(adenoid face)라는 특징적인 안모형태를 가진다고 보고하였다. 반면에 일부에서는 과증식한 아데노이드를 지닌 환자 중 적은 수에서만이 이러한 소견을 나타내면서 아데노이드와 두개악안면 성장과의 관련성을 부인하였다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 비호흡을 하며 측모두부규격방사선사진 상에서 과증식된 아데노이드가 보이지 않는 정상교합자를 대조군으로 하고 구호흡을 하며 아데노이드가 과증식된 환자들을 실험군으로 하여, 골 연령(bone age)별로 비교함으로써 각 시기마다 구호흡과 악골 형태간의 연관성 여부를 관찰하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다; 1. 악골의 형태에 있어서 실험군과 대조군간의 유의차는 남자에서는 CVMI 3과 CVMI 4(사춘기 전후)에 가장 많이 나타났으며, 여자에서는 CVMI 1부터 유의차를 보였다. 2. 실험군 하악골이 남자는 CVMI 4부터, 여자는 CVMI 5부터 하방에 위치하고 있었다. 3. 남자는 CVMI 3부터, 여자는 CVMI 1부터 실험군이 대조군보다 큰 전안면고경을 보였으며, 이는 주로 전하안면고경의 차이에 의해 발생되었다. 4. 아데노이드는 대조군 남자에서는 CVMI 2(10.58 ${\pm}$ 1.07세, 사춘기 성장 직전)에 최대크기를 보였고, 대조군 여자에서는 CVMI 1(6.92 ${\pm}$ 0.53세)부터 아데노이드의 크기가 감소하였다.였다. 3. 상하순의 돌출도 모두 유의성 있는 감소를 나타내었다. 4. 상악 전치의 치관은 통계적으로 유의할 만한 후방이동(7.08 ${\pm}$ 2.14 mm, p<0.01)을 보였고, 상악 전치의 치근에서는 통계적으로 유의할 만한 수직고경의 감소(2.38 ${\pm}$ 1.15 mm, p<0.01)를 보였다. 5. 상악 구치의 치관, 치근 모두에서 통계적으로 유의할 만한 전방이동(2.48 ${\pm}$ 0.99 mm, 2.05 ${\pm}$ 0.91 mm,p<0.01)을 보였다.다.olus의 변화는 동해내에서 대마난류의 세기가 반복되었음을 지시하고 있다./3 수준으로 높다. 결론적으로 풍부한 화학물질들을 함유한 제주해류는 남해 및 동해의 생지화학적 과정들에 있어 상당히 중요함을 시사한다.다. 수조 상층수 중 Cu, Cd, As 농도는 모든 FW, SW수조에서 시간이 지남에 따라 일관성 있게 감소하였고, 제거속도는 Cu가 다른 원소에 비해 빨랐다. 제거속도는 FW 3개 수조 중 FW5&6에서 세 원소 모두 가장 느렸고, SW 3개 수조 중에서는 SW1&2에서 가장 빨랐다. SW와 FW간 제거속도 차이는 세 원소 모두 명확치 않았다 Cr은 FW에서 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 SW에서는 실험 초기에 감소하다 24시간 이후에는 증가 후 일정한 양상을 보였다. Pb은 FW에서 전반적으로 감소했지만 SW에서는 초기에 급격히 증가 후 다시 급격히 감소하는 양상을 보였다 Pb 또한 Cu, Cd, As와 마찬가지로 SW1&2에서 제거속도가 가장 빠르게 나타났다. FW 상층수 중 Hg는 시간에 따라 급격히 감소했고,