• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2017

Objective: Optimizing in vitro maturation (IVM) media to achieve better outcomes has been a matter of interest in recent years. The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to investigate the effects of different media on the IVM outcomes of immature oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. Methods: A total of 400 immature oocytes at the GV stage with normal morphology were retrieved from 320 infertile women aged $31{\pm}4.63years$ during stimulated intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. They were divided into groups of homemade IVM medium (I, n = 100), cleavage medium (II, n = 100), blastocyst medium (III, n = 100), and Sage IVM medium (IV, n = 100) and cultured for 24 to 48 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. ICSI was performed, and the rates of fertilization and embryo formation were compared across the four groups. Results: In the 400 retrieved GV oocytes, the total maturation rates showed significant differences in groups I to IV (55%, 53%, 78%, and 68%, respectively, p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the fertilization, embryo formation, or arrest rates of metaphase II oocytes across these groups. In all groups, GV maturation was mostly completed after 24 hours, with fewer oocytes requiring 48 hours to mature (p<0.01). Moreover, the rate of high-quality embryos was higher in group IV than in the other groups (p=0.01). Conclusion: The quality of the IVM medium was found to affect clinical IVM outcomes. Additionally, blastocyst medium may be a good choice in IVM/ICSI cycles as an alternative IVM medium.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigated the possibility of using mouse embryonic stem cell conditioned medium (ESCM) and embryonic stem cell medium (ESM) for in vitro maturation in the efficient in vitro production of blastocysts from porcine follicular oocyte. Depending on the concentration of supplement of ESCM added to the NCSU-23 solution did not affect 2-cell development rates and blastocysts development. However, in particular, the survival rate (10 days of culture) of blastocyst was significantly higher than that of the control group as the additive concentration (30%) increased (p < 0.05). The survival rate of blastocysts showed a similar tendency even with addition of ESM (30%) alone. On the other hand, the duration of the addition of these additives during IVM (0-44 h) was that the IVM I period (0-22 h) were more effective than the IVM II period (22-44 h). Thus, the effect of these additives is probably due to the combination of the various physiologically active substances of ESCM or the appropriate amino acids and vitamins of ESM. In particular, these additives were more effective during the first half (IVM I) of in vitro maturation. In summary, optimization of ESCM or ESM supplementation may improve in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and affect developmental competency. Therefore, if more efficient methods of adding ESCM or ESM to basal culture medium can be developed during in vitro maturation of porcine follicle oocytes, high quality blastocysts will be developed from low porcine follicular oocyte compared to other domestic animals.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (aLA) as an antioxidant that decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine embryonic development. Slaughterhouse derived bovine immature oocytes were collected and 4 different concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20 mM) of aLA was supplemented in bovine in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. After 20 hrs of IVM, maturation rates, levels of ROS and glutathione (GSH), and further embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) was investigated according to aLA concentrations. Maturation rate was significantly higher in 10 mM group than other groups (80.5% vs. 62.9, 73.9, 64.2%; P<0.05). In the levels of ROS and GSH in matured oocytes as an indicator of oocyte quality, significantly better results were shown in 5 and 10 mM groups compared with other 2 groups. After IVM, significantly higher rates of blastocyst formation were shown in 10 mM groups in both of PA (27.9% vs. 18.8, 22.3, 14.2%; P<0.05) and IVF (32.6% vs. 23.9, 27.3, 16.2%; P<0.05) embryos. In addition, significantly more cell total cell number and higher inner cell mass ratio in 10 mM PA and IVP blastocysts showed developmental competence in 10 uM groups. Therefore, based on the entire data from this study, using $10{\mu}M$ of aLA confirmed to be the optimal concentration for bovine oocyte maturation and embryonic development.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 염소 난자의 체외배양 시 혈청과 호르몬 첨가의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 체외성숙 효율, 유전자발현 및 체외수정 후 배발달율을 조사하였다. 본 실험에서는 기본 체외성숙 배양액에 10% gBS, 10% gFF를 첨가하여 혈청유무에 따른 효과와 FSH를 조합하여 체외성숙 효율을 조사한 결과, 처리구 모두 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 성숙률을 보였다. 특히 gBS와 FSH를 조합하였을 때 처리구 중에서도 77.8%로 유의적으로 가장 높은 체외성숙 결과를 보였다. 또한, 각 처리구로부터 얻은 성숙 난자를 이용하여 체외수정 배발달 효율을 조사한 결과 모두 유의적으로 향상되었으며 특히 gBS와 gFF에 FSH를 혼합 처리한 두 그룹이 우수한 결과를 보였다. 난자의 성숙과 관련된 BMP15와 GDF9의 mRNA 발현량을 비교한 결과, 처리구간 특이점이나 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과 염소 난자의 체외성숙에 관한 추가적인 실험이 필요할 것으로 생각되나, gBS, gFF 및 FSH 첨가가 성숙 효율 향상에 도움이 됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 1990

Bovine oocytes obtained from follicles(2~5mm) of ovaries after slaughter were cultured in TCM 199 medium with 10~20% heat-inactivated estrus cow serum(ECS) for 25~27 hr, at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air. At the end of culture period, some oocytes were stained with 1% acetoorcein and examined for the evidence of oocyte maturation. The remainder were used to assess the potential of in vitro fertilization(IVF) with frozen-thawed spermatozoa and subsequent development in media with or without bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co-culture. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The maturation rate of oocyte in vitro in TCM 199 medium with 15% ECS group(76.3) was superior to 10% ECS group(68.3%) and 20% ECS group(64.5%). 2. The IVF rates of oocytes matured in vitro, and formation rate of male and female pronuclei were 63.6%(77/121) and 93.5%(72/77), respectively. The incidence of polyspermy was very low(2.4%). 3. Of 73 oocytes fertilized in vitro and cultured in TCM 199 medium with 10% fetal calf serum for 7 days, 41(56.3%) were cleaved over 2-cell and only 1(2.4%) was developed beyond the 16-cell stage. 4. Of 76 oocytes co-cultured with BOEC, 58(76.3%) were cleavaged and 23(39.7%) were developed to morula and blastocyst stage. The results of this study indicate that co-culture with BOEC deserved a positive effect on the IVF oocyte development through the 16-cell block.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2020

The maturation and spawning of white crocker Pennahia argentatus were investigated using samples collected in the Southern Sea of Korea from January to December 2018. We analysed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonad-osomatic index (GSI), total length (TL) at 50% group maturity. The spawning period was May to July. Fecundity varied between 71,627 and 888,041 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and TL of the fish was expressd in the fecundity equation as F=0.2198TL^4.2784 (r²=0.8423). The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50% for the size group 19.33 cm (total length, TL).

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 xanthine(X)-xanthine oxidase(XO) system하에서 돼지 난자의 체외성숙과 체외수정에 대한 catalase의 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 돼지 난포난자가 X 또는 XO하에서 배양되었을 때, 난포난자의 성숙율은 다른 배양시간에도 불구하고 catalase 첨가 유무에 따른 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그렇지만, X-XO-catalase system하에서 배양한 경우 유의적으로 높은 성숙율을 얻었다(P<0.05). 퇴행난자의 비율은 배양기간이 늘어남에 따라 증가되었으며, 배양 120시간에서는 catalase 첨가시보다 무첨가시에 유의적으로 높았다. 다른 한편으로, 단위발생 난자들이 배양 72시간에 높은 비율로 관찰되었지만, 다양한 배양시간에서 catalase 첨가유무에 따른 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 또 다른 실험에서, 동결-응해된 돼지 정자가 체외수정을 위해 X-XO system으로 처리되었다. 난자투명대에 대한 정자침입율은 none (P<0.05), XO, X+XO하에서 체외수정시 catalase 무첨가시보다 첨가시에 높게 나타났다. 다른 한편으로, 돼지정자가 none, X, XO, X+XO로 처리되었을 때, lipid peroxidation은 catalase 첨가시보다 무첨가시에 높은 비율로 나타났으며, 그 결과 정자침입과 lipid peroxidation에서의 변화가 상반되는 양상을 보였다. 그렇지만, 모든 조건하에서 정자의 sulfhydry (-SH) group의 함량은 catalase 첨가시에 높게 측정되었다. 난자의 투명대에 대한 정자의 접착 정도는 salt-stored 돼지 난자에 대한 정자접착을 통해서 평가되었으며, control group의 경우 X, XO, X+XO group에 비해 높은 정자접착율이 관찰되었다. 그렇지만, catalase 첨가유무에 따른 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 X-XO-catalase system에 대한 난포난자와 정자의 노출이 돼지에서의 체외성숙과 체외수정을 촉진시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.269-274
• /
• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of fibroblast co-culture on in vitro maturation (IVM) of prepubertal mouse preantral follicles. The intact preantral follicles were obtained from the ovaries of 12-14 day old mice and these were cultured individually in ${\alpha}$-minimal essential medium (${\alpha}$-MEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), $100mIU/m{\ell}$ recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, $100{\mu}g/ml$ penicillin and $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ streptomycin as base medium for 12 days. A total of 200 follicles were cultured in base medium co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) (MEF group) (n=100) or only base medium as control group (n=100). Survival rate of follicles on day 12 of culture were significantly higher in the MEF group of 90.0%, compared with 77.0% of the control group (p=0.021). Follicle diameters on day 6 and 8 of the culture period were significantly larger in the MEF group than those in the control group (p=0.021, p=0.007, respectively). Estradiol levels in culture media on day 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of the culture period were significantly higher in the MEF group (p=0.043, p=0.021, p=0.006, p<0.001 and p=0.008, retrospectively). Our data suggest that MEF cell co-culture on IVM of mouse preantral follicle increases survival rate and promotes follicular growth and steroid production.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.263-267
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine toxic effect of sucrose and trehalose prior to cryopreservation on nuclear maturation and embryonic development in immature bovine oocytes. All cryoprotectant was prepared in tissue culture medium 199-HEPES (TCM 199-HEPES) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Immature oocytes were exposed to 1.2M ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.1M sucrose or 1.2M EG and 0.1M trehalose for 3 min and then were exposed to 3.2 M EG and 0.25 M sucrose or 3.2 M EG and 0.25 M trehalose for 1 min. Oocytes treated with cryoprotectants were exposed to 0.25 M sucrose or 0.25 M trehalose for 5 min and then 0.1 M sucrose or 0.1 M trehalose for 5 min. Depending on type of sugar added to cryopreservation solution, oocytes were allocated to sucrose group and trehalose group, respectively. Oocytes exposed to TCM 199-HEPES with 10% FBS were considered as control. Oocytes were cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 0.01 IU/ml luteinizing hormone, and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ estradiol for 24 h in $39^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$. Nuclear maturation was assessed by staining oocytes with 1% aceto-orcein. Oocytes were fertilized in vitro and were cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 5 mM sodium pyruvate, and antibiotics in $39^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst, and cell number in blastocyst were assessed. Metaphase II rates were not different among experimental groups regardless of type of sugar. The cleavage rate of trehalose group (73.3%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of sucrose group (62.8%) and control group (60.8%). The blastocyst rate was significantly higher in trehalose group (p<0.05). Mean cell number in blastocyst were not different among experimental groups, although cell number of blastocyst in trehalose group was significantly higher on day 7 (p<0.05). In conclusion, sucrose and trehalose were not toxic to immature bovine oocytes prior to cryopreservation. In particular, trehalose was more effective on embryonic development.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2009

목 적 : 어린시기에 genistein과 같은 식물성 에스트로겐의 섭취가 사회적 관심사로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 어린 쥐에서 genistein에 노출이 사춘기 개시 및 생식기관에 미치는 영향을 알아 보았다. 방 법 : 이유기(3주령) 암컷 흰쥐를 저용량 genistein (10 mg/kg/day), 고용량 genistein (100 mg/kg/day), 대조군의 세 그룹 (각 그룹 당 n=6)으로 나누고 첫 번째 질구 개방이 확인되는 날까지 농도별로 각각 경구 투여하였다. 질구 개방일을 확인하고 생식 기관의 무게를 측정하며 난소와 자궁에서 $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$, PR 유전자들의 발현양상을 RT-PCR을 이용해 비교하였고, 난소와 자궁의 구조적 이상을 확인하기 위해 조직학적 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 고용량 genistein 투여군은 저용량군 및 대조군에 비해 질구 개방일이 유의하게 촉진되었다. RT-PCR결과, $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$, PR의 전사활성은 genistein에 노출된 쥐들의 난소와 자궁에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 그라프 난포와 황체는 genistein 투여군의 난소에서만 발견되었고, 대조군의 난소에서는 1차, 2차 난포들과 작은 미성숙 난포들만이 관찰되었다. Genistein 처리군의 자궁에서도 내막층 근막층 및 상피층이 과다성장상태였으나 대조군에서는 모든 세포층과 분비선이 미약하게 발달하였다. 결 론 : 결론적으로, 사춘기 이전 시기에 비교적 단기간의 genistein 노출이라도 미성숙 암컷 흰쥐에서 생식 내분비 활성을 일으켜 조기 사춘기와 성 스테로이드 호르몬 수용체의 발현 양상 변화를 초래할 수 있으며, genistein의 노출이 아동기 성성숙에 미치는 영향에 대한 더욱 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.