• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.279-281
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• 2003

This study is intended to give information on agricultural nonpoint source pollution and transport related to fertilizer application and irrigation practice. Field-simulated soil columns were set up and leaching studies on fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus were performed. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the leachate showed different trends in each column and nonpoint source pollution in agricultural areas may be expected to depend on planted crops, soil conditions, and climate as well as irrigation and fertilizing management.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E2호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

A report by the national research council in the United States suggested that many lung cancer deaths each year be associated with breathing radon in indoor air. Most of the indoor radon comes directly from soil beneath the basement of foundations. Recently, radon released from groundwater is found to contribute to the total inhalation risk from indoor air. This study presents the quantitative assessment of human exposures to radon released from the groundwater into indoor air. At first, a three-compartment model is developed to describe the transfer and distribution of radon released from groundwater in a house through showering, washing clothes, and flushing toilets. Then, to estimate a daily human exposure through inhalation of such radon for an adult. a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model is developed. The use of a PBPK model for the inhaled radon could provide useful information regarding the distribution of radon among the organs of the human body. Indoor exposure patterns as input to the PBPK model are a more realistic situation associated with indoor radon pollution generated from a three-compartment model describing volatilization of radon from domestic water into household air. Combining the two models for inhaled radon in indoor air can be used to estimate a quantitative human exposure through the inhalation of indoor radon for adults based on two sets of exposure scenarios. The results obtained from the present study would help increase the quantitative understanding of risk assessment issues associated with the indoor radon released from groundwater.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Selection of appropriate liner type would be the most important factor to prevent groundwater contamination by leachate from waste management site. This report introduces the IWEM (Industrial Waste Management Evaluation Model) developed by US EPA to evaluate the potential pollution of groundwater under the waste management unit and to suggest an appropriate type of liner, and provides with the results of IWEM application to a coal-ash landfill site in Korea as a case study. IWEM uses a standard method using a database, a decision-making process based on site characteristics, and the user-friendly input-and-output system. Authors evaluate this model to be applicable in Korea provided that the database is replaced into local data.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.12-27
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• 2003

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.75-82
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• 1994

Groundwater in waste landfills can be contarninated by leachates produced from wastes and flow down toward rivers. These accidents are easily discovered in uncontrolled landfill sites. In this study, applications for controlling groundwater pollution and protecting river pollution were studied using installation of cut-off walls around the waste landfill. Analyses for the efficiency and applicability of the cut-off wall were made under environmental, economical anc technical considerations. Cut-off walls were installed at the upgradient and the downgradient. prediction analyses for the hydraulic head distribution over the site were made for concerning with the final cover and without the final cover. Also, the hydraulic head distribution was predicted with well-pumping on both cases, upgradient cut-off wall and downgradient cut-off wall.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.472-472
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• 2004

Numerous studies on urban groundwater have been carried out in many other countries. Urban groundwater shows a unique hydrologic system because of complex urban characteristics such as road pavement, sewers and public water supply systems. These urban facilities may change the characteristics of groundwater recharge but contaminate its quality as well. There have been several researches on urban groundwater in Seoul. Seoul has been industrialized very rapidly so that the city has large population. The recent population in Seoul amounts to more than ten millions, corresponding to a very high density of about 17, 000 people/km$^2$. Therefore, many factors affect the groundwater quality and quantity in Seoul. Nowadays, groundwater in Seoul is being extracted for construction, industrial use, and drinking and so on. There are 15, 714 wells in Seoul and its annual usage is 41, 425, 977m$^3$(in 2001). Therefore, systematic studies are needed to properly manage and use the groundwater in Seoul. The purposes of this study in progress are to identify geochemical characteristics of groundwater in Seoul and to determine the extent of groundwater contamination and its relationship with urban characteristics. For this study, groundwater was sampled from more than 400 preexisting wells that were randomly selected throughout the Seoul area. For all samples, major cations together with Si, Al, Fe, Pb, Hg For 200 samples among them, TCE, PCE, BTEX were also analyzed by GC. Our study shows that groundwater types of Seoul are distributed broadly from Ca-HCO$_3$ type to Ca-Cl＋NO$_3$ type. The latter type indicates anthropogenic contamination. Among cations, Ca is generally high in most samples. In some samples, Na and K are dominant. The dominant anions change widely from HCO$_3$ to Cl＋NO$_3$. The anion composition is considered to effectively indicate the contribution of distinct anthropogenic sources. In addition, major ions are positively proportional to total dissolved solid (TDS) except K and NO$_3$. Thus, we consider that TDS may be used as an effective indicator of the extent of pollution. However, the increase of TDS may result from increased water-rock interaction. To determine the extent of groundwater contamination, it is needed to figure out the baseline water quality in Seoul. Furthermore, detailed geochemical studies are required to find out pollution sources and their corresponding hydrochemical parameters.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.148-149
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• 2004

• 지구물리
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2005

울산 도시지역 지하수의 수질 특성을 파악하기 위하여 216개의 일반 수질분석과 168개의 VOCs 분석이 이루어졌으며, 이를 주거․상업지역, 공업지역, 농업지역, 산림지역으로 구분하여 토지이용과 지하수 수질과의 관계를 분석하였다. 전반적으로 보아서 남구 태화강 저지대 일대 주거․상업지역 지하수에서 과거 해수의 영향에 의해서 Na와 Cl의 함량이 높다. NO3는 농업지역, VOCs는 공업지역 지하수에서 높은 함량을 보이기도 하지만, 토지용도별 지하수의 수질오염 특성 구분은 어렵다. 아직까지 연구지역 지하수의 오염은 우려할만한 수준은 아니나, 도시화가 계속 진행되고 있기 때문에 계속적인 관찰이 요구된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.525-539
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• 2020

본 연구지역은 피혁 제조공정에서 발생된 고형폐기물, 처리용수 및 유류 저장용기 등이 매립되어 있는 지역이다. 피혁폐기물 매립으로 발생된 침출수에 의한 오염영역을 파악하기 위하여 토양·지하수 오염도 조사 및 전기비저항탐사를 수행하였다. 토양오염 분석 결과 TPH와 아연 항목에서 토양오염 우려기준을 초과하였으며, 침출수 및 지하수의 경우 6가 크롬 항목이 지하수 정화기준을 초과하는 것으로 파악되었다. 전기비저항탐사는 토양·지하수 오염특성 및 확산경로를 파악하기 위하여 쌍극자배열법으로 전극간격이 5 m인 총 10개의 측선을 설정하였다. 토양·지하수 오염도 조사의 결과와 저비저항이상대가 비교적 잘 일치하였다. 따라서 본 연구지역과 같이 폐기물 매립에 따른 불규칙한 지층분포와 토양·지하수가 복합적으로 오염된 지역에서 전기비저항탐사를 병행하면 오염원에 의한 수직?수평적인 확산경로, 오염영역 및 향후 오염 예상지역에 대한 모니터링을 계획하는데 있어서 유용한 조사기법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.152-152
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• 2021

The importance of groundwater has long been recognized, but the ground water potential to become contaminated as a result of human activities has only been recognized in recently. Before 1980 it was thought that soils served as filters, preventing harmful substances deposited at the surface from migrating into groundwater. Today it is known that soils have a finite capacity to protect groundwater. It can be contaminated from divers sources. Therefore, Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to pollution is essential for the protection and management of groundwater and land use planning. In this study, we used DRASTIC and AVI for groundwater vulnerability to contamination assessment. the different methods were applied to the southern coastal sedimentary basin of Benin and DRASTIC method was modified in two different steps. First, we modified DRASTIC by adding land use parameter to include the actual pollution sources (DRASTIC_LcLu) and second, classic DRASTIC weights was modified using Shannon's entropy (Entropy weight DRASTIC). The reliability of the applied approaches was verified using nitrate (NO3^-) concentration and by comparing the overall vulnerability maps to the previous researches in the study area and in the world. The results from validation showed that the addition of landcover/land use parameter to the classic DRASTIC helps to improve the method for better definition of the vulnerable areas in the basin and also, the weight modification using entropy improved better the method because Entropy weight DRASTIC_LcLu showed the highest correlation with nitrate concentration in the study basin. In summary the weight modification using entropy approach reduced the uncertainty of the human subjectivity in assigning weights and ratings in the standard DRASTIC.