• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.165-181
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• 2014

In the past decade, different types of underreamed ground anchors have been developed for substructures requiring uplift resistance. This article introduces a new type of umbrella-shaped anchor. The uplift behavior of this ground anchor in clay is studied through a series of laboratory and field uplift tests. The test results show that the umbrella-shaped anchor has higher uplift capacity than conventional anchors. The failure mode of the umbrella-shaped anchor in a large embedment depth can be characterized by an arc failure surface and the dimension of the plastic zone depends on the anchor diameter. The anchor diameter and embedment depth have significant influence on the uplift behavior. A finite element model is established to simulate the pullout of the ground anchor. A parametric study using this model is conducted to study the effects of the elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle of soils on the load-displacement relationship of the ground anchor. It is found that the larger the elastic modulus and the shear strength parameters, the higher the uplift capacity of the ground anchor. It is suggested that in engineering design, the soil with stiffer modulus and higher shear strength should be selected as the bearing stratum of this type of anchor.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.701-714
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• 2017

The effect of nearby cohesionless sloping ground on the uplift capacity of horizontal strip plate anchor embedded in sand deposit with horizontal ground surface has been studied numerically. The numerical analysis has been carried out by using the lower bound theorem of limit analysis with finite elements and linear optimization. The results have been presented in the form of non-dimensional uplift capacity factor of anchor plate by changing its distance from the slope crest for different slope angles, embedment ratios and angles of soil internal friction. It has been found that the decrease in horizontal distance between the edge of the anchor plate and the slope crest causes a continuous decrease in uplift capacity of anchor plate. The optimum distance is that distance between slope crest and anchor plate below which uplift capacity of an anchor plate has been found to decrease with a decrease in normalized crest distance from the anchor plate in presence of nearby sloping ground. The normalized optimum distance between the slope crest and the anchor plate has been found to increase with an increase in slope angle, embedment ratio and soil internal friction angle.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

In metropolitan areas, the quantity and density of the underground structure increase rapidly in recent years. Even though most damage incidents of the underground structure were minor, there were still few incidents causing a great loss in lives and economy. Therefore, the safety evaluation of the underground structure becomes an important issue in the disaster prevention plan. Liquefaction induced uplift is one important factor damaging the underground structure. In order to perform a preliminary evaluation on the safety of the underground structure, simplified prediction equations were introduced to provide a first order estimation of the liquefaction induced uplift. From previous studies, the input motion is a major factor affecting the magnitude of the uplift. However, effects of the input motion were not studied and included in these equations in an appropriate and rational manner. In this article, a numerical simulation approach (FLAC program with UBCSAND model) is adopted to study effects of the input motion on the uplift. Numerical results show that the uplift and the Arias Intensity (Ia) are closely related. A simple modification procedure to include the input motion effects in the Sasaki and Tamura prediction equation is proposed in this article for engineering practices.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2019

This study tries to reveal and compare uplift rates in the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, based on absolute ages from coastal terrace on the coast. The uplift rate in the East Coast from previous study ranges from 0.258 to 0.357 m/ka with a median rate of 0.262 m/ka and shows an increase trend from north to south. Median uplift rate of 0.082 m/ka with minimum and maximum rates of 0.053 m/ka and 0.127 m/ka, respectively, is calculated in the South Coast from previous and this studies. The uplift rate in the West Coast from 3 absolute ages in this study is 0.082~0.112 m/ka with a median rate of 0.090 m/ka. Based on these uplift rates in the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, it can be concluded that since MIS 5, the East Coast has experienced 3 to 4 times faster uplift rate than the West and South Coasts. However, this study suggests that more discussion on whether these uplift rates are long-term tectonic movement associated with tilted warping movement since the Tertiary or short-term tectonic movement associated with isostatic rebound due to sea level change since the Last Interglacial is needed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

압축공기에너지 및 고압 천연가스 등의 고압 유체의 지하저장을 위한 저장공동 상부 암반의 융기에 대한 안정성 검토를 위한 간이해석기법을 개발하고 그 적용사례를 소개하였다. 본 해석기법은 저장공동 상부에 원통형의 파괴모델을 가정하고 한계평형해석을 실시함으로써 융기에 대한 안전율을 계산한다. 원통형 파괴면에 작용하는 마찰저항력 계산에는 Mohr-Coulomb 강도기준식을 대신하여 Hoek-Brown 강도기준식을 적용함으로써 무결암의 강도특성 뿐만 아니라 암반 상태도 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 다양한 암반 조건에서의 적용사례 및 암반 강도 정수의 민감도 분석 결과, 저장공동 상부 암반의 융기는 Mohr-Coulomb 강도기준식에 보다 민감함을 확인하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3C호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

본 논문은 액상화 지반에서의 지반-지하 중공구조물 상호작용에 따른 구조물의 rocking현상을 조사하기 위해서 수행한 원심모형실험에 관하여 서술하고 있다. 지진이 발생하였을 때 지반이 강한 진동에 노출되면 상대밀도가 낮은 느슨한 모래지반에서는 액상화가 발생하며, 액상화된 지반보다 작은 단위중량을 가진 지하 중공구조물은 부상한다. 지하 중공구조물이 부상하는 동안에 구조물의 동적 거동과 구조물의 부상량에 대한 원지반의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 원지반의 상대밀도를 다르게 모델지반을 제작하였고, 아크릴 박스를 이용하여 트랜치를 제작하여 모형실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 액상화된 원지반의 측방유동 및 주변지반의 전단변형에 의해 야기되는 지하 중공구조물의 rocking현상이 지하 중공구조물의 부상량의 규모에 크게 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.435-448
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• 2024

지진 시 발생하는 지반의 액상화는 터널, 관로, 맨홀, 지하 탱크 등 지중 구조물에 큰 피해를 초래한다. 이러한 액상화에 의한 피해는 지중 구조물의 부상(uplift)이 주요 원인인 것으로 나타났으며, 현재까지 설계 실무에서는 지중 구조물의 이러한 상향 변위를 충분히 고려하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 개착식 터널을 대상으로 하여 한계평형법 기반의 analytical solution을 제안하였다. 이를 활용하여 토피고, 액상화 심도, 지반개량, ledge 유무에 대한 민감도 분석을 시행하였다. 안전율 변화를 통해 안전율에 대한 각 요소들의 기여도를 합리적으로 도출할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 현재 모델 내 다수의 가정과 불명확성이 존재하며, 이에 대한 적합 여부에 대한 검토는 여전히 과제로 남아있다. 하지만, 보수적인 접근 방식을 통해 상당 부분의 불확실성이 완화된 것으로 판단되며, 지중 구조물의 uplift 거동 특성을 고려한 안정성 평가 방법이라는 점에서 의미가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1218-1231
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• 2008

Recently the energy dependence of LNG resource is being increased. So the enlargement of LNG storage is constructed in the coastal area. Most of LNG tanks are constructed below the ground level, and thus the hydraulic uplift pressure could be a problem against the weight of tank structure. Specifically, the settlement of foundation soil in the LNG tank is also important in the aspect of safety. The low temperature around LNG tank is induced the ground freezing and hence increasing the soil volume and earth pressure. The additional lateral earth pressure due to ground freezing could be applied to the LNG tank. In this study, the stability of LNG storage tank was evaluated with consideration of freezing earth pressure by using computer program TEMP-W.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the applicability of proper embedded depth of fillings by examining the uplift resistance using spiral foundation and top base foundation. As a result of the model test, the maximum uplift resistance increased with the embedded depth. The maximum uplift resistance of each region was found to be 50cm depth. The spiral foundation was 335.14N of Sancheong, 312.32N of Seongju, 403.94N of Wanju, and the top base foundation was 745.06N of Sancheong, 1028.82N of Seongju and 950.76N of Wanju. The yield point after the elastic section in the stress-displacement graph of the top base foundation was calculated as the maximum uplift resistance. For this reason, farmers do not actually use top bases foundation. Therefore, it was considered that the additional load increase due to slip connector will not occur. Model test results show that the maximum uplift resistance increases with the purlinss installed under the ground. Therefore, additional comparative studies through purlins installation will be needed.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2012

Previous investigations have demonstrated that strong earthquakes can cause severe damage or collapse to storage tanks. Theoretical studies by other researchers have shown that allowing the tank to uplift generally reduces the base shear and the base moment. This paper provides the necessary experimental confirmation of some of the numerical finding by other researchers. This paper reports on a series of experiments of a model tank containing water using a shake table. A comparison of the seismic behaviour of a fixed base system (tank with anchorage) and a system free to uplift (tank without anchorage) is considered. The six ground motions are scaled to the design spectrum provided by New Zealand Standard 1170.5 (2004) and a range of aspect ratios (height/radius) is considered. Measurements were made of the impulsive acceleration, the horizontal displacement of the top of the tank and uplift of the base plate. A preliminary comparison between the experimental results and the recommendations provided by the liquid storage tank design recommendations of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering is included. The measurement of anchorage forces required to avoid uplift under varying conditions will be discussed.