Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.1.025

Incorporating ground motion effects into Sasaki and Tamura prediction equations of liquefaction-induced uplift of underground structures  

Chou, Jui-Ching (Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University)
Lin, Der-Guey (Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University)
Publication Information
Geomechanics and Engineering / v.22, no.1, 2020 , pp. 25-33 More about this Journal
Abstract
In metropolitan areas, the quantity and density of the underground structure increase rapidly in recent years. Even though most damage incidents of the underground structure were minor, there were still few incidents causing a great loss in lives and economy. Therefore, the safety evaluation of the underground structure becomes an important issue in the disaster prevention plan. Liquefaction induced uplift is one important factor damaging the underground structure. In order to perform a preliminary evaluation on the safety of the underground structure, simplified prediction equations were introduced to provide a first order estimation of the liquefaction induced uplift. From previous studies, the input motion is a major factor affecting the magnitude of the uplift. However, effects of the input motion were not studied and included in these equations in an appropriate and rational manner. In this article, a numerical simulation approach (FLAC program with UBCSAND model) is adopted to study effects of the input motion on the uplift. Numerical results show that the uplift and the Arias Intensity (Ia) are closely related. A simple modification procedure to include the input motion effects in the Sasaki and Tamura prediction equation is proposed in this article for engineering practices.
Keywords
uplift; underground structure; liquefaction; FLAC; ground motion;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Liu, H. and Song, E. (2005), "Seismic response of large underground structures in liquefiable soils subjected to horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations", Comput. Geotech., 32(4), 223-244. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2005.02.002.   DOI
2 Madabhushi, S.S.C. and Madabhushi, S.P.G. (2015), "Finite element analysis of floatation of rectangular tunnels following earthquake induced liquefaction", Indian Geotech. J., 45(3), 233-242. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-014-0133-3.   DOI
3 Martin, G.R., Finn, W.D.L. and Seed, H.B. (1975), "Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading", J. Geotech. Div., 101(GT5), 423-438.   DOI
4 Puebla, H., Byrne, P.M. and Phillips, R. (1997), "Analysis of CANLEX liquefaction embankments: Prototype and centrifuge models", Can. Geotech. J., 34(5), 641-657. http://doi.org/10.1139/t97-034.   DOI
5 Sasaki, T. and Tamura, K. (2004), "Prediction of liquefactioninduced uplift displacement of underground structures", Proceedings of the 36th Joint Meeting US-Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects.
6 Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F. and Chung, R.M. (1985), "The influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluation", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 111(12), 1425-1445. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) 0733-9410(1985)111:12(1425).   DOI
7 Sinotech Engineering Consultants (Sinotech) (2012), Taiwan's Next Generation Attenuation Relationship for Ground Motion Project Report, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
8 Tamura, K. (2014), "Seismic design of highway bridge foundations with the effects of liquefaction since the 1995 Kobe earthquake", Soils Found., 54(4), 874-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.06.017.   DOI
9 Tobita, T., Kang, G.C. and Iai, S. (2011), "Centrifuge modeling on manhole uplift in a liquefied trench", Soils Found., 51(6), 1091-1102. http://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.1091.   DOI
10 Tokimatsu, K. and Yoshimi, Y. (1983), "Empirical correlation of soil liquefaction based on SPT N-value and fines content", Soils Found., 23(4), 56-74. http://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.23.4_56.   DOI
11 Watanabe, K., Sawada, R. and Koseki, J. (2016), "Uplift mechanism of open-cut tunnel in liquefied ground and simplified method to evaluate the stability against uplifting", Soils Found., 56(3), 412-426. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.04.008.   DOI
12 Yang, D., Naesgaard, E., Byrne, P.M., Adalier, K. and Abdoun, T. (2004), "Numerical model verification and calibration of George Massey Tunnel using centrifuge models", Can. Geotech. J., 41(5), 921-942. http://doi.org/10.1139/t04-039.   DOI
13 Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., Andrus, R.D., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J.T., Dobry, R., Finn, W.D.L., Harder, L.F., Hynes, M.E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J.P., Liao, S.C.C., Marcuson, III., W.F., Martin, G.R., Mitchell, J.K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M.S., Robertson, P.K., Seed, R.B. and Stokoe, II, K.H. (2001), "Liquefaction resistance of soils: Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(10), 817-833. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:10(817).   DOI
14 Boulanger, R.W. and Ziotopoulou, K. (2013), "Formulation of a sand plasticity plane-strain model for earthquake engineering applications", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 53, 254-267. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.006.   DOI
15 Ziotopoulou, K. and Boulanger, R.W. (2013), "Calibration and implementation of a sand plasticity plane-strain model for earthquake engineering applications", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 53, 268-280. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.009.   DOI
16 Ziotopoulou, K. and Boulanger, R.W. (2016), "Plasticity modeling of liquefaction effects under sloping ground and irregular cyclic loading conditions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 84, 269-283, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.02.013.   DOI
17 Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), (2001), Recommendations for Design of Building Foundations (in Japanese).
18 Ardeshiri-Lajimi, S., Yazdani, M. and Assadi-Langroudi, A. (2016), "A Study on the liquefaction risk in seismic design of foundations", Geomech. Eng., 11(6), 805-820. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.6.805.   DOI
19 Bao, X., Xia, Z., Ye, G., Fu, Y. and Su, D. (2017), "Numerical analysis on the seismic behavior of a large metro subway tunnel in liquefiable ground", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 66, 91-106. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.04.005.   DOI
20 Beaty, M. and Byrne, P. M. (1998), "An effective stress model for predicting liquefaction behaviour of sand", Geotech. Earthq. Eng. Soil Dyn., 75(1), 766-777.
21 Byrne P.M. (1991), "A cyclic shear-volume coupling and porepressure model for sand", Proceedings of Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
22 Castiglia, M., de Magistris, F.S. and Napolitano, A. (2018), "Stability of onshore pipelines in liquefied soils: Overview of computational methods", Geomech. Eng., 14(4), 355-366. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397949-0.00004-2.   DOI
23 Itasca Consulting Group Inc, (2011), FLAC Version 7.0, Software, https://www.itascacg.com/software/flac.
24 Chian, S.C. and Madabhushi, S.P.G. (2012a), "Effect of buried depth and diameter on uplift of underground structures in liquefied soils", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 41, 181-190. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.05.020.   DOI
25 Chian, S.C. and Madabhushi, S.P.G. (2012b), "Effect of soil conditions on uplift of underground structures in liquefied soil", J. Earthq. Tsunami. 6(4), 1250020. http://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431112500200.   DOI
26 Chou, J.C. (2010), "Centrifuge modeling of the BART transbay tube and numerical simulation of tunnels in liquefying ground", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.
27 Chou, J.C., Kutter, B.L., Travasarou, T. and Chacko, J.M. (2011), "Centrifuge modeling of seismically induced uplift for the BART transbay tube", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 137(8), 754-765. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000489.   DOI
28 Han, Y. and Liu, H. (2016), "Failure of circular tunnel in saturated soil subjected to internal blast loading", Geomech. Eng., 11(3), 421-438. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.3.421.   DOI
29 Japan Road Association (JRA), (1996), Design Specifications for Highway Bridges, Part V Seismic Design, Japan (in Japanese).
30 Kang, G.C., Tobita, T. and Iai, S. (2014), "Seismic simulation of liquefaction-induced uplift behavior of a hollow cylinder structure buried in shallow ground", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 64, 85-94. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.05.006.   DOI
31 Kang, G.C., Tobita, T., Iai, S. and Ge, L. (2013), "Centrifuge modeling and mitigation of manhole uplift due to liquefaction", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 139(3), 458-469. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000769.   DOI
32 Koseki, J., Matsuo, O. and Koga, Y. (1997), "Uplift behavior of underground structures caused by liquefaction of surrounding soil during earthquake", Soils Found., 37(1), 97-108. http://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.37.97.   DOI