• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2002

본 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 전자선의 처리는 돈육의 냉장, 냉동 중 일반세균과 중온균의 증식 억제에 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 전자선의 조사량이 증가할 수록(1.5에서 3.0 kGy로) 그 효과는 더욱 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 사용한 전자선 1.5와 3.0 kGy는 그 조사량이 매우 낮은 수준이므로 조사량을 증가시키면 살균효과는 증대될 것으로 예상된다. 반면 전자선의 처리가 지방의 산패를 촉진한다는 결과는 충분히 예상한 결과였고 본 실험에서도 전자 건의 조사량이 증가할수록(1.5에서 3.0 kCy로) 산패는 더욱 촉진되었다. 따라서 전자선 처리의 살균 효과를 극대화하기 위하여는 전자선을 조사하여도 돈육의 산패도는 전자선을 조사하지 않은 돈육의 수준으로 유지시킬 수 있는 방법이 필수적으로 연구되어야 할 것이다. 이러한 방법으로는 전자선의 조사 속도를 조절한다든지 공기조절 포장 방법($N_2$, $CO_2$) 과의 병용 등을 들 수 있을 것이다. 전자선을 식품에 활용하는 작업은 그 유용성이 무궁 무진 할 수 있으므로 앞으로도 그 활용이 기대되며 우선적으로 해결해야 할 문제는 전자선 조사에 의 한 지방의 산패를 억제 할 수 있는 방법을 강구하는 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The effects of adding goldenrod leaf powder (GLP) and goldenrod stem powder (GSP) (0.1% and 0.5%) to raw ground pork on antioxidant activity were examined. The following six treatment groups were used: Control (without antioxidant), GLP1 (with 0.1% GLP), GLP2 (with 0.5% GLP), GSP1 (with 0.1% GSP), GSP2 (with 0.5% GSP) and AS (with 0.05% ascorbic acid). The chemical compositions, pH values, instrumental color, conjugated diene (CD), free fatty acids (FFA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value were measured during 15 d of storage at chilled temperatures. The addition of GLP and GSP showed no effect on moisture, protein and fat contents of the samples. However, adding 0.5% GSP increased the ash contents of ground pork (p<0.05). The pH values of treated samples decreased until day 7, and then increased thereafter. The addition of GLP and GSP decreased the $L^*$ and $a^*$ values and increased the $b^*$ value (p<0.05). The CD, FFA and TBARS value of the control were higher (p<0.05) than samples containing GLP and GSP. The addition of GLP and GSP resulted in a significant decrease in CD, FFA and TBARS values. Overall, this study demonstrated that GL and GS could be used as an antioxidant of raw ground pork.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.408-429
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• 2024

The color, lipid oxidation, heme iron (HI) and non-heme iron (NHI) contents, metmyoglobin content and Soret band of myoglobin of ground pork subjected to supercritical CO₂ treatment under different conditions, or to heat treatment (40℃, 2 h) and subsequent storage at 4℃ were evaluated during 9-day period. Supercritical CO₂ treatment significantly increased CIE L^* and CIE b^* values of ground pork during subsequent storage, while the HI content was slightly affected. In general, CIE a^* value and metmyoglobin content were decreased. Supercritical CO₂ treatment for 2 h could increase the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value, while treatment for 1 h or less had no effect. The NHI content could be increased only after treatment at above 40℃ or 17.2 MPa for 2 h. The Soret band of myoglobin was shifted to longer wavelength. Increasing treatment temperature from 35℃ to 45℃ could increase CIE L^*, CIE a^*, CIE b^* and TBARS values, HI and NHI contents of the ground pork, while decreasing metmyoglobin content. As the treatment pressure increased from 13.8 MPa to 20.7 MPa, CIE b^* and TBARS values were decreased, while the NHI and metmyoglobin contents were increased. However, the other parameters were unchanged. Extending exposure time from 0.5 h to 2 h could increase CIE L^*, CIE b^* and TBARS values, HI contents, while decreasing CIE a^* value and metmyoglobin content. Correlation analysis showed that the TBARS value was significantly and negatively correlated with the HI content or metmyoglobin content in samples treated at 40℃ or above for 2 h.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2006

Ground pork was irradiated with an electron beam (e-beam) at a dose of 0, 1.5, 3, 5 and 10 kGy and the changes in various functional and other associated properties of salt-soluble proteins extracted from the pork were evaluated. Irradiation did not affect turbidity and the disulfide content of pork salt-soluble protein, but the content of sulfhydryls and the hydrophobocity of salt-soluble protein increased. This indicates that protein degradation occurred when the pork was e-beam irradiated and that the sulfhydryls and hydrophobic moieties buried inside the proteins were exposed to the outside environment. However, these degraded protein molecules did not form large protein aggregates through disulfide bridges. The emulsifying capacity of the pork increased with irradiation, which could be the result from increased hydrophobicity of pork salt-soluble protein. Water holding capacity of pork was not affected bye-beam irradiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2014

Ground lean pork was irradiated by an electron beam or X-rays to compare the effects of two types of radiation generated by a linear accelerator on the quality of Bologna sausage as a model meat product. Raw ground lean pork was vacuum packaged at a thickness of 1.5 cm and irradiated at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 kGy by an electron beam (2.5 MeV) or X-rays (5 MeV). Solubility of myofibrillar proteins, bacterial counts, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were determined for raw meat samples. Bologna sausage was manufactured using the irradiated lean pork, and total bacterial counts, TBARS values, and quality properties (color differences, cooking yield, texture, and palatability) were determined. Irradiation increased the solubility of myofibrillar proteins in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Bacterial contamination of the raw meat was reduced as the absorbed dose increased, and the reduction was the same for both radiation types. Differences were observed only between irradiated and non-irradiated samples (p<0.05). X-ray irradiation may serve as an alternative to gamma irradiation and electron beam irradiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a combined treatment regarding antimicrobial food ingredients and high pressure processing (HP) on the inactivation efficiency of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into ground pork. Ethanol extracted from garlic, leeks, onions, and ginger powder was prepared. Half of the prepared powder was irradiated at 5 kGy to see the effect of pasteurization before addition. The prepared food ingredients were added into radiation-sterilized ground pork (1%, w/w), and inoculated with E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The samples were vacuum-packed and applied with HP at 0.1 (control), 300, 450, and 600 MPa. Microbial log reduction increased with the increase of pressure up to 600 MPa. With minor exceptions, overall efficiency of HP treatment with regards to inactivation of pathogens increased. Inoculated microorganisms showed approximately 7-8 Log reductions by 600 MPa, except for L. monocytogenes treated with garlic (5.7 Log reductions). The E. coli reduction in ground pork mixed with ethanol extracted garlic showed the highest efficiency (1.86) compared to leeks (1.25-1.31), onions (1.17-1.44), and ginger (1.50-1.82) when treated at an HP of 450 MPa. There was no evidence for the advantage of pasteurization concerning the food ingredients before addition of antimicrobial food ingredients and HP. Results demonstrate that the combination of antimicrobial food ingredients and HP treatment may help improve the efficiency of sterilization in meat systems.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.959-964
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of the addition of natural plant materials on the color and lipid oxidation of ground pork. Ground pork was blended with 0.3% (w/w) of cactus, fennel seed, orange peel, and rosemary, respectively, and stored for 8 days at $2^{\circ}C$. The pH, meat color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and metmyoglobin (MetMb) contents were measured. A gradual increase in pH was noted with increases in the storage time. The Hunter a (redness) value decreased until 6 days of storage, and evidenced no noticeable changes there after, and the cactus evidenced significantly higher a values than other groups over time (p<0.05). The TBARS formation was effectively inhibited by the addition of rosemary for 6 days of storage, reflective of strong antioxidative activity (p<0.05). The antioxidative activity on the lipid oxidation of cooked pork patties was noted in the following order: rosemary, fennel seed, cactus, and orange peel. The MetMb contents increased according to storage period, and no significant differences were noted among the meat patties.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.651-659
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• 2015

본 연구는 민들레 추출물이 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 분쇄돈육은 돈육등심과 지방에 냉수 10% 첨가(대조군), 민들레 잎 추출물 10% 첨가(DL), 민들레 뿌리 추출물 10% 첨가(DR), 그리고 전체 부위 추출물 10% 첨가(DW)하여 네 종류를 제조하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 대조군, DL, DR 및 DW가 각각 2,07, 6.49, 3.85 및 5.77 mg/100 g으로 DL이 다른 분쇄돈육들보다 더 높았다. 명도($L^*$) 및 황색도($b^*$)는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 적색도($a^*$)는 DL이 가장 높았다. pH는 대조군이 가장 높았고, VBN 함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. TBARS는 대조군, DL, DR 및 DW가 각각 0.52, 0.20, 0.31 및 0.24 mg MA/kg으로 DL에서 가장 낮았다. 생육 및 가열육의 수분, 단백질, 지방 및 회분함량은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 분쇄돈육의 수율, 보수력, 수분 보유율, 지방 보유율 및 직경 감소율은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 총 유리아미노산 함량은 2,343.65~2,395.39 ppm으로 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 맛, 조직감, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 풍미는 DL이 가장 우수하였다. 민들레 추출물 첨가의 경우, 다른 부위보다 잎 추출물의 첨가가 총 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높으며, 적색도와 관능적 풍미를 개선하고, 지방산화를 억제하는 것으로 나타나, 육제품의 천연 항산화제로 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

The antioxidant potential of mistletoe (Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi; VAL) extract in uncooked pork patties was evaluated. Three concentrations of VAL extract (0.1 [T1], 0.5% [T2] and 1.0% [T3]) along with 0.02% ascorbic acid as a positive control (V) were added to ground pork and pork patties were prepared. Incorporation of VAL extract decreased (p<0.05) the pH of the pork patties throughout the storage time and reduced (p<0.01) the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values after day 14 of storage. Total plate counts of the VAL extract-treated samples and V-treated samples were also significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of the control (C) throughout the storage period. In addition, odor scores of the VAL extract-treated patties were lower than those of the C- or V-treated samples on 3rd day of the storage period. These results demonstrated that the VAL extract acts as a natural antioxidant in uncooked pork products.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2001

마쇄한 마늘과 50% ethanol의 마늘 추출액을 분쇄돈육에 첨가하여 4$^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 pH, POV가와 TBA가의 변화를 조사하였다. 분쇄돈육은 가열하지 않은 생육과 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 가열한 가열육으로 나누어 실험하였다. 마쇄한 마늘과 마늘 추출액을 분쇄돈육에 첨가하였을 때 저장 중 과산화물가와 TBA가는 마늘첨가량이 많을수록 현저한 감소로 지질의 산화 억제 효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 10% 마늘 추출액은 마쇄 마늘을 20% 첨가하였을 때와 거의 비슷한 효과를 보였다. 효과는 저장 중 4-6일째까지 가장 컸고 그 후에는 점차적으로 감소하였다. pH는 전반적으로 6일까지는 대체적으로 감소하였다가 그 이후 증가하였다. 마쇄한 마늘과 ethanol 50%의 마늘 추출액을 분쇄돈육에 첨가했을 때 약간의 pH 증가를 보였다. 생육과 가열육 모두 pH, 과산화 물가와 TBA가에서 비슷한 영향을 주었으나 생육보다 가열육에서 더 많은 변화를 보였다.