• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.62-77
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to overcome the realistic pressure and the limit of school environmental education and to develop an environmental education program that can provide students, who live in an urban area, have difficulty in contacting with nature, with an opportunity to experience the nature in the school outdoor environment, which is their daily living space and is a ground of environmental education. First, I developed an analytical tool which can be used to determine the degree how the environmental education is related to the school outdoor environment with 8 categories(spaces). And I analyzed the 2007-79 curriculum of lower grade(1 and 2 grades) of the elementary school provided by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development by using the analytical tool and found out that this curriculum was suitable for the environmental education utilizing the school outdoor environment. According to this curriculum analysis, the studying subjects which could be suitable for the environmental education utilizing the school outdoor environment were extracted, and based on these subjects, an environmental education program was developed. The environmental education 'in' environment program were composed with 5 modules and 18 activity subjects suitable for students advancement phase, and these activities can be implemented with experiencing, understanding and expressing by using 5 senses. I also proposed a plan that can be used to apply this program continuously to the lower grades(1 and 2 grades) original experience activity class.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2005

Objectives: More than 80% of unintentional injury was related to risk-taking behaviors involved in child accidents. Therefore, diverse care and concerns on safety should be provided from teachers as well as parents to build child safety behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of safety concerns from students, teachers, and parents on elementary students' safety behaviors in Korea. Methods: The 5th and 6th grade students participated in this study in 14 elementary schools in Korea and the total number of students was 1,033. The study schools were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method throughout 7 metropolitan areas in Korea. Data were collected by the self-administered survey and the questionnaires were delivered to the vice-principals of the designated schools by ground postal service and the vice-principals conducted survey data collection. The questions on students' safety concerns, teachers' safety concerns, parents' safety concerns, safety practices, safety education, and demographics were included in the survey. All survey responses were encoded into SPSS program and t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were utilized. Results: The students taking accidents one time more per year were more than 60% and the two thirds of them recognized that their accidents were due to their risk behaviors. Parents' education on safety practices was more frequent than teachers' education; furthermore, teachers' concerns on safety behaviors were poorer than students' or parents' concerns. In terms of safety behaviors, the scores of fire and home-related safety behavior were high but the scores of traffic and bicycle, in particular, helmet wearing practice were low. Three concerns from students, parents, and teachers all were significantly related to children's safety behaviors. Conclusions: In conclusion, safety concerns from the close networks are the important indicator of child safety behaviors and, the safety training programs, therefore, for parents and teachers as well as for students need to be developed for improving children's safe behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2002

One of the prime objectives of school science is to help the children learn science concepts and conceptual schemes that will help them understand and interpret their environment. One of the basic scientific concepts is 'Change -everything existing in universe is changing always'. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of elementary and secondary students' conception of change. The subjects for this study were 489 students in Korea; 111 fourth graders, 95 sixth graders, 140 seventh graders and 143 ninth graders. Four items - mountain, river, ground, sea -were used for investigating students conception of change because representing the nature world in elementary and secondary level. The subjects were asked to check whether each item was changing and to explain each their check. Students' explanations were classified by whether they were sound understanding geologically, or not. The rate of responses that each item was changing was compared by grades and the rate of geological explanations was also compared by grades. Because students' conceptions of change might were effected by time scale, the additional questions that asked students whether the present status of four items were equivalent to the that of several points of time. As a result, the rate of scientific answers and patterns of explanations were similar by grade and the rate of geological understandings was relatively low. The frequencies of concept of change were more dropped as the point of time was closer to present.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2014

Developing computational thinking ability is crucial for those living in the 21st century. However, the current computational education system cannot satisfy this need. Current computational education tends to be limited to the teaching of the use of application programs or the teaching of the programming language. This is why the primary puzzle-based learning program was developed. This program promotes the development of the learner's computational thinking ability and understanding of the principles of the computer science as opposed to the fragmented, uniform programing education. In order to prove the effectiveness of this newly developed program, a 35-hour study was conducted to 41 students from grade 3 to 6 classrooms in Jeju Province. It was proved that this program brings positive changes in creativie problem-solving ability and problem-solving abilities in computer science. This paper is to provide the ground for the development of an educational program and to prove the effectiveness of thereof, and finally introduce the Primary Puzzle-Based Learning Program as the alternative computational education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of elementary gifted students' argumentation and examine the special features of argumentation founded in scientific inquiry. 28 students were selected in the special education center for the gifted in K National University. They were organized 8 groups of 3~4 students and engaged in scientific inquiry activity. The researcher wasn't involved in students' inquiry activity and argumentation except for the guiding and introducing their activity. In the first session, each group carried out the experiment 'Putting a heated can in the water' and then, the students discussed to probe their experimental results and build their explanation. In the second session, each group presented their experiment results and evidence from their experiment justifying their claims, and had questions from other groups. The protocol data during 8 groups' argumentations were analyzed using 'Rubric for Scientific Argumentation Assessment' (Yang et al., 2009) in three domains- the form, content and attitude. As a result, in form domain, almost groups were rated 2 points due to their argument without rebuttal on the subcategory of 'composition', but they got a good grade above 3 points in subcategory such as 'claim', 'ground', and 'conclusion'. In content domain, almost groups got points above 3 points. In attitude domain, there were some striking contrast between each groups. Six groups got good score more than 4 points on the subcategory of openness, but two groups, they alleged and got score below 3 point. While the 6 groups of all got 4 points in the aspect of participation, 3 groups got 3 points lower than because they only just asserted and not interact with other groups. Throughout the argumentation, two features were found that; as time goes by, arguments were refined; Students tended to use their prior to knowledge rather than evidence such as experimental data in making claims and conclusions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.505-514
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• 2010

This study aims to explore group inquiry using science writing heuristic in elementary school science. We observed and examined what elementary students experienced in their science classes and moreover how they used their data to support their claims in the view point of scientific epistemology. The research question of this study is 'what is the result of coherence measurement for figuring out the relationship between argument and ground in group inquiry activity?'. To solve the study question, one fifth-grade class at an elementary school was selected. Four lessons in group inquiry using a worksheet of science writing heuristic were videotaped and transcribed. It was found that the hours of group inquiry when students can discuss meaningfully occupied approximately 37 to 45%. When measuring coherence in each lesson by developing a scale from one to five to estimate the coherence of the work sheet designed, the total average was 3.424. It implicated that students had their claims supported by some of their evidences. Although the figure was not enough to assist that they found strong bonds between their claims and data, they started to move forward to epistemological approach in their science lab works.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.338-345
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• 2003

A 65-year-old man was admitted due to low grade fever, dry coughing, and dyspnea on exertion. The chest radiograph and CT scan showed diffuse ground glass opacities and small nodules in the both lung fields resulting in a diagnosis of severe interstitial pneumonia. Conservative treatment with antibiotics and bronchodilators decreased the symptoms, but the dyspnea and cough reappeared when he returned home. An inspection of his house revealed the presence of fungi under the wallpaper. His symptoms disappeared completely after these were removed. His clinical course raised the suspicion of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and these fungi believed to be the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The histological findings of a lung specimen by video-assisted thorachoscopy were compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The fungi were identified as Alternaria.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2014

This study is on the development of 150PS inboard type of compact water jet propulsion system. The water jet is composed of intake, impeller, diffuser, reverse bucket and main shaft. Components of water jet have been manufactured through precision processing after sand casting. Development of water jet propelled engine has been finally completed by processes which are design, production and inspection on each component. The water jet performance characteristics show that 0.29 m3/s of maximum flow rate and 37 m/s of flow velocity have been secured in the ground test pool. Field test was performed by 21ft test ship that water jet propulsion equipment developed in this study was installed. As a result, the weight of hull, engine and other parts of the ship has been almost 1.2 ton and 45 km/h of maximum sailing speed has been recorded with 3700 rpm of engine in the domestic coast test.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.562-570
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• 2019

To develop natural-tasting fish paste from the pufferfish Lagocephalus wheeleri, steamed pufferfish paste (SPP) was prepared and its optimal processing conditions, quality metrics, and shelf-life characteristics were examined. SPP was produced by thawing golden threadfin Nemipterus virgatus surimi (FA grade), then adding 10% unwashed pufferfish surimi (PS), 1.5% salt, 8.0% wheat starch, 0.25% calcium carbonate, 0.25% sugar, 0.75% sorbitol, 0.25% polyphosphate, and 12.0% pufferfish hot-water extract (Brix 10°). The meat was ground with a Stephan mixer, molded at low temperature (18℃, 10 h), vacuum packed in a laminated plastic film bag, heat treated with hot water (95℃, 50 min), and cooled. As the amount of PS added increased, the whiteness, gel strength, and shear strength of the SPP decreased slightly. However, the SPP folding test showed no deterioration in the texture. In the sensory evaluation, the SPP received a higher rating for taste, smell, and overall taste than commercial Japanese pufferfish Kamaboko. The total amino acid content of the SPP was 10,262.6 mg/100 g; the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine, and arginine. The free amino acid content was 133.0 mg/100 g; the major amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, and lysine.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the physical properties of powders made from agricultural byproducts, including rice straw, peanut husks, and garlic stems, to manufacture a new organic filler used for making paperboard. These materials were collected individually, and then we measured their chemical compositions. The byproducts were ground with a laboratory grinder and fractionated with 60-, 100-, and 200-mesh sieves to make many grades of organic fillers. After the grinding and fractionation, the yield, mean particle size, and particle size distribution of each grade were measured. Particle shapes were also investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The organic filler made from rice straw had the highest yield of the largest particle size group and higher contents of cellulose and hemicellulose than those made from peanut husks and garlic stems. The rice straw also showed more regular particle shapes and a lower aspect ratio than the other agricultural byproducts.