• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.261-274
• /
• 2019

This paper aims to develop an appropriate methodology for establishing an investment strategy for 'demonstration of artificial rainfall technology using UAV' and that include establishment of a technology classification, set of indicators for technology evaluation, suggestion of final key technology as a whole study area. It is designed to complement the latest research trend analysis results and expert committee opinions using quantitative analysis. The key indicators for technology evaluation consisted of three major items (activity, technology, marketability) and 10 detailed indicators. The AHP questionnaire was conducted to analyze the importance of indicators. As a result, it was analyzed that the attribute of the technology itself is most important, and the order of closeness to the implementation of the core function (centrality), feasibility (feasibility). Among the 16 technology groups, top investment priority groups were analyzed as ground seeding, artificial rainfall verification, spreading and diffusion of seeding material, artificial rainfall numerical modeling, and UAV sensor technology.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2010

Off-road transportation sector including construction equipment, ground support equipment in airport, cargo handling equipment and agroforestry machinery have not calculated as emission source classification in 1A3e2. In this study, the statistics of oil consumption for construction, aviation, shipping and agroforestry are separated for this sector by oil type. And the greenhouse gas emission by off-road transportation emission factor in 1996 & 2006 IPCC Guidelines are calculated and compared with each other. As a result, the nationwide $CO_2$ equivalent emission from off-road transportations by the emission factor of 1996 & 2006 IPCC Guidelines are calculated as 4,919 kton/yr and 5,530 kton/yr in 2007. The contribution ratio of off-road transportation emission by this study is estimated as 5.5% to the subtotal emission from on-road transport sector.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2019

More than 64% of Korea's land is occupied by mountain regions, which have terrain characteristics that make it vulnerable to mountain disasters. The trails of Taebaeksan Mountain National Park-the region considered in this study-are located in the vicinity of steep slopes, and therefore, the region is vulnerable to landslides and debris flow during heavy storms. In this study, a slope stability model, which is a deterministic analysis method, was used to examine the potential occurrence of landslides. According to the soil classification of the detailed soil map, the specific weight of soil, effective cohesion, internal friction angle of soil, effective soil depth, and ground slope were used as the parameters of the model, and slope stability was evaluated based on the DEM of a 1 m grid. The results of the slope stability analysis showed that the more hazardous the area was, the closer the ratio of groundwater/effective soil depth is to 1.0. Further, many of the private houses and commercial facilities in the lower part of the national park were shown to be exposed to danger.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.119-140
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study was based on the occurrence of a coffee roasting process-related disorder(bronchiolitis obliterans; published by NIOSH in the US) among workers exposed to chemicals called diacetyl in a coffee processing facility. Flavorings added to coffee contain diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, all of which are subject to exposure in a number of food manufacturing processes, including coffee roasting, grinding, and packaging. Therefore, this study aims to review the toxicity to workers related to food processing and food additive manufacturing to prevent occupational diseases. Methods: We surveyed the related literature, domestic and international references, and the status of relevant domestic and foreign professional organizations. The present situation of workers was investigated by reviewing literature on the safety and health of workers in the coffee roasting process using domestic and foreign literature and presentations. Expert advisory opinions were reflected, and experts were consulted by participating in domestic and overseas academic conferences. Results: Most of the fragrance materials for coffee were harmful and hazardous substances according to the GHS classification, and research was carried out through a second external consultation. A literature review on the measurement of air pollutant emissions from coffee roasters and the estimation of air pollutant emissions during coffee roasting examined the characteristics of pollutants emitted during coffee roasting. Conclusions: Two chemicals identified as causing bronchiolitis obliterans in the coffee roasting process are believed to explain why the disease is difficult to treat. This information can be used effectively in the future prevention of this disease. Future studies should clearly identify the potential for toxicity of alpha-diketones and the bases of OELs in relation to the occurrence of obstructive bronchiolitis, including measurement of various organic compounds and alpha-diketones from ground coffee, as well as various coffee grinds and coffee bean varieties. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the current understanding of the dose-response relationship between alpha-diketone and lung disease in workers involved in coffee roasting.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2018

Healthcare technology has been growing and fostering cooperation between industry, university and hospitals as growth engines in korea. So, the medibio research institutes in hospital have been constructed to promote research and industrialization centering on healthcare technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cases of research institutes in hospitals, and search the characteristics of building organization of medibio research laboratory facilities. Case study is investigated by floor plan, homepage and site visits about five research institutes selected in research-driven hospitals. The facility title and size of research laboratory is originated from site area and research building location. The building function include not only the research lab and business office reflecting on the development platform, and but assembly and meeting room in the ground level. Laboratory floor plans have three types, rectangular, rectangular+linear and linear type, one is traditional and efficient, the others are people and friendly. And building core types are correlated with lab space unit modules, single and double side core are shown in rectangular type. All the laboratories are open lab, composed with laboratory bench and research note writing desk facing the lab service and enclosed lab-support area. And they have communication space looking as warm and cozy common area for the innovation, convergence and collaboration. As the high risk of contamination and high standard for safety and security, equipment and facilities are well managed with biological environment including BSC, fume hood, PCR classification, eye washing and emergency shower.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.549-559
• /
• 2021

The Arctic Circle's huge amounts of fossil fuels and mineral resources are being developed and subjected to active construction projects. Global efforts are continuing to actively respond to climate change, but the dependence on fossil fuels remains high. This study reports a preliminary survey conducted in Alberta, Canada, where oil sand resources are actively developed. A land cover map was prepared using satellite imagery to reduce the cost and time of surveying a wide area. Results likely useful to resource development projects such as ground surface temperature and snow cover distribution were derived by using the obtained image classification results. It is expected that the results of the present research and analysis will be used to establish strategies for the successful promotion and operation of projects to develop resources in the Arctic.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.583-593
• /
• 2023

For a holistic and precise assessment of safety benchmarks within a construction venture, it's paramount to delineate between the intrinsic features of the construction and its real-time, on-site performance metrics. In this study, we delved into genuine accident instances to discern the interplay between these construction attributes and on-ground performance determinants in relation to safety mishaps, employing the binomial logit analytical framework. Our scrutiny underscored that construction expenditure profoundly modulates the likelihood of fatal occurrences. Notably, variables pertinent to on-site safety protocols wielded considerable influence over both fatal mishaps and accidents implicating multiple personnel. These revelations intimate that while ascertaining the safety quotient of a construction initiative, a mere classification and recalibration based on fiscal dimensions can elucidate much. Yet, a comprehensive safety appraisal necessitates transcending quantitative indices, such as frequency of mishaps or casualty rates, to encapsulate the multifaceted interventions and strategies adopted at the construction locale.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2024

Determination of jointed rock mass properties plays a significant role in the design and construction of underground structures such as tunneling and mining. Rock mass classification systems such as Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Mass Index (RMi), Rock Mass Quality (Q), and deformation modulus (Em) are determined from the jointed rock masses. However, parameters of jointed rock masses can be affected by the tunnel depth below the surface due to the effect of the in situ stresses. In addition, the geomechanical properties of rocks change due to the effect of metamorphism. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to apply correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between rock mass properties and some parameters related to the depth of the tunnel studied. For this purpose, the field work consisted of determining rock mass parameters in a tunnel alignment (~7.1 km) at varying depths from 21 m to 431 m below ground surface. At the same excavation depths, thirty-seven rock types were also sampled and tested in the laboratory. Correlations were made between vertical stress and depth, horizontal/vertical stress ratio (k) and depth, k and Em, k and RMi, k and point load index (PLI), k and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), Em and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), UCS and PLI, UCS and BTS. Relationships were significant (significance level=0.000) at the confidence interval of 95% (r = 0.77-0.88) between the data pairs for the rocks taken from depths greater than 166 m where the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress is between 0.6 and 1.2. The in-situ stress parameters affected rock mass properties as well as metamorphism which affected the geomechanical properties of rock materials by affecting the behavior of minerals and textures within rocks. This study revealed that in-situ stress parameters and metamorphism should be reviewed when tunnel studies are carried out.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 1979

According to Soil Taxonomy which has been developed over the past 20 years in the soil conservation service of the U. S. D. A, Soils in Korea are classified. This system is well suited for the classification of the most of soils. But paddy field soils have some difficulties in classification because Soil Taxonomy states no proposals have yet been developed for classifying artificially irrigated soils. This paper discusses some problems in the application of Taxonomy and suggestes the classification of paddy field soils in Korea. Following is the summary of the paper. 1. Anthro aquic, Aquic Udipsamments : The top soils of these soils are saturated with irrigated water at some time of year and have mottles of low chroma(2 or less) more than 50cm of the soil surface. (Ex. Sadu, Geumcheon series) 2. Anthroaquic Udipsamments : These sails are like Anthroaquic, Aquic Udipsamments except for the mottles of low chroma within 50cm of the soil surface. (Ex. Baegsu series) 3. Halic Psammaquents : These soils contain enough salts as distributed in the profile that they interfere with the growth of most crop plants and located on the coastal dunes. The water table fluctuates with the tides. (Ex. Nagcheon series) 4. Anthroaquic, Aquic Udifluvents : They have some mottles that have chroma of 2 or less in more than 50cm of the surface. The upper horizon is saturated with irrigated water at sometime. (Ex. Maryeong series) 5. Anthro aquic Udifluvents : These soils are saturated with irrigated water at some time of year and have mottles of low chroma(2 or less) within 50cm of the surface soils. (Ex. Haenggog series) 6. Fluventic Haplaquepts : These soils have a content of organic carbon that decreases irregularly with depth and do not have an argillic horizon in any part of the pedon. Since ground water occur on the surface or near the surface, they are dominantly gray soils in a thick mineral regolith. (Ex Baeggu, Hagseong series) 7. Fluventic Thapto-Histic Haplaquepts : These soils have a buried organic matter layer and the upper boundary is within 1m of the surface. Other properties are same as Fluventic Haplaquepts. (Ex. Gongdeog, Seotan series) 8. Fluventic Aeric Haplaquepts : These soils have a horizon that has chroma too high for Fluventic Haplaquepts. The higher chroma is thought to indicate either a shorter period of saturation of the whole soils with water or some what deeper ground water than in the Fluventic Haplaquepts. The correlation of color with soil drainage classes is imperfect. (Ex. Mangyeong, Jeonbug series) 9. Fluventic Thapto-Histic Aeric Haplaquepts : These soils are similar to Fluventic Thapto Histic Haplaquepts except for the deeper ground water. (Ex. Bongnam series) 10. Fluventic Aeric Sulfic Haplaquepts : These soils are similar to Fluventic Aeric Haplaquepts except for the yellow mottles and low pH (<4.0) in some part between 50 and 150cm of the surface. (Ex. Deunggu series) 11. Fluventic Sulfaquepts : These soils are extremely acid and toxic to most plant. Their horizons are mostly dark gray and have yellow mottles of iron sulfate with in 50cm of the soil surface. They occur mainly in coastal marshes near the mouth of rivers. (Ex. Bongrim, Haecheog series) 12. Fluventic Aeric Sulfaquepts : They have a horizon that has chroma too high for Fluventic Sulfaquepts. Other properties are same as Fluventic Sulfaquepts. (Ex. Gimhae series) 13. Anthroaquic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts : These soils have mottles of low chroma in more than 50cm of the surface due to irrigated water. The base saturation is 60 percent or more in some subhroizon that is between depth of 25 and 75cm below the surface. (Ex. Jangyu, Chilgog series) 14. Anthroaquic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts : These soils are similar to Anthroaquic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts except for the low chroma within 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Weolgog, Gyeongsan series) 15. Anthroaquic Fluventic Dystrochrepts : These soils have mottles that have chroma of 2 or less within 50cm of the soil surface due to artificial irrigation. They have lower base saturation (<60 percert) in all subhorizons between depths of 25 and 75cm below the soil surface. (Ex. Gocheon, Bigog series) 16. Anthro aquic Eutrandepts : These soils are similar to Anthroaquic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts except for lower bulk density in the horizon. (Ex. Daejeong series) 17. Anthroaquic Hapludalfs : These soils' have a surface that is saturated with irrigated water at some time and have chroma of 2 or less in the matrix and higher chroma of mottles within 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Hwadong, Yongsu series) 18. Anthro aquic, Aquic Hapludalfs : These soils are similar to Anthro aquic Hapludalfs except for the matrix that has chroma 2 or less and higher chroma of mottles in more than 50cm of the surface. (Ex. Geugrag, Deogpyeong se ries)

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.245-282
• /
• 2016

Currently, the whole world is being swept away by spiritual movements seeking divinity in oneself. Yet there are terror attacks, religious disputes and other conflicts continuously taking place on larger and larger scales as well as expanding further and further throughout the world. Interreligious harmony seems like a distant ideal. What is the ultimate cause of religious conflicts? Is interreligious communication truly that difficult? Even among different cultures, said cultures' varieties of ritual expressions, and various religious doctrines, there are points of general common to be appreciated if a deep perspective is adopted. When we find the common ground and understand each other's difference, it will be easier to communicate since everyone will be learning from each other. What could serve as common ground for different religions? Many scholars speak about the state of 'oneness' that is claimed by mysticism throughout a large array of religions. This state of oneness is typically not achieved overnight, but it serves as a prospective state which is pluralistically inclusive. This "religion of enlightenment" emphasizes the process of reaching comprehensive interreligious agreement would be characterized by a deep religious perspective. If superficial religious perspectives focuses only on faith to attain blessings and engage in blind belief, then, by contrast, deep religious perspectives emphasize inner divinity, the true self, orthe higher self. The words, 'superficial religious perspective' and 'deep religious perspective' were defined for personal convenience by O Gang-nam, a scholar of comparative religion. Consequently, this classification is a relative binary concept lacking hard and fast rules with regards to distinctions. But the concept of superficial religious perspectives and deep religious perspectives has its advantage in allowing clearer and easier discussion about religions because it could embrace all aspects of religious life and the development of various religious sentiment. In this way, the terms surface religious perspectives and deep religious perspectives will be used in limited framework. I both borrow this concept and reconsider it by referring to other scholars' methods of classification. From that point, I explore and these views in relation to religious experience. How does religiosity develop, maturity of religious faith take place, deep awareness of truth reveal itself, or an attitude of open-mindedness arise? After these states are realized, is interreligious agreement possible? Most religious studies scholars point out 'religious experience.' They say people could develop their faith from superficial religious beliefs into a more mature and deeper faith through religious experience while continuously aspiring towards enlightenment and practicing their religion in daily life. This study will try to examine aspects of superficial religious perspectives and deep religious perspectives represented in each religion and also explore criticism of each religion. With this view of superficial religious perspectives and deep religious perspectives, some cases documenting the religious experience of Daesoonjinrihoe disciples will be analyzed to see how their religiosity develops from superficial religious perspectives into deep religious perspectives through certain religious experiences. The characteristics of those experiences will also be investigated.