• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has been widely used for reconnaissance. It provides high-resolution, day-and-night and weather-independent images for a multitude of applications. Because SAR coherently combines many viewing angles to effectively create a large aperture(narrow beam) radar, the test-bed should be capable of moving straightly SAR sensor for the integration angle to meet resolution. This paper describes the test-bed developed to test and evaluate the SAR performance. It forms high-quality images in real time and saves the raw data for the purpose of post processing on the ground.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed the directional coupler using two layer microstrip substrate which is improved coupling and isolation. Also, we notified a design method. Modified re-entrant mode coupler is the structure added to the aperture on the ground plane in order to improving the coupling value. And, by adding to slits on the floating conductor, this structure has good performance in isolation, VSWR according to S$\sub$11/, and phase difference. As a result, proposed re-entrant mode microstrip directional coupler has about 1.5 dB more higher coupling and 20 dB more higher isolation than conventional coupler. And because this coupler has good performance in phase difference, it can be used multi-section coupler.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 2011

This study describes the time domain imaging algorithm which can be well applied to short-range UWB(ultra wideband) bistatic radar. In the imaging method of SAR technology, the frequency domain method is well applied to the areas which satisfy far-field condition. However in the near-field environment, the image quality is not good due to phase error. However back-projection method based on time domain is well applied to short-range imaging radar. Meanwhile because its processing time is very long, real time-processing is very difficult. To resolve this problem FFBP(Fast Factorized Back-Projection) was proposed. Using the raw data gathered on field we implemented back-projection and FFBP method. Then image quality and processing time were analyzed using these methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

Using ground moving target indicators equipped with synthetic aperture radars for locating moving targets within a wide background clutter in a short time is an excellent method for monitoring traffic. Although the displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) technique and along track interferometry (ATI) are real time methods with low computational complexity, they are essential for reducing cases of false alarm that can result in poor performance. In this paper, we propose two detection methods using DPCA and ATI-the parallel fusion method and serial fusion method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed detection methods are characterized by low probability of false alarm along with good performance. In particular, the serial fusion method possesses high detection probability along with low probability of false alarm (1/5th of the false alarm probability of the DPCA technique).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.53-53
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 토양의 동결-융해 상태 구분을 위해 영상레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 자료를 활용해 지표상태인자(Surface State Factor, SSF)를 산정하고, 관측 토양수분 자료 및 지표면 온도(Land Surface Temperature, LST) 자료와의 비교를 통해 SSF의 정확도를 분석하였다. SSF 산정은 용담댐 유역을 포함한 인근 40×50 km²의 영역(N35°35'~36°00', E127°20'~127°45')에 대한 9개의 토양수분 관측지점(계북, 천천, 상전, 안천, 부귀, 주천, 장수읍, 진안읍, 무주읍)을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였으며, 이를 위해 2015년부터 2019년까지의 해당 지점의 토양수분 관측자료와 Sentinel-1A Interferometric Wide swath (IW) 모드의 Ground Range Detected (GRD) product를 구축하여 활용하였다. SSF 자료의 정확도 분석을 위한 토양수분 관측지점에 대한 LST 자료는 인근 7개 기상관측소 지점(전주, 금산, 임실, 남원, 장수, 함양군, 거창)의 관측자료로부터 역거리가중법을 통해 산정하였다. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) 분석을 통한 겨울철(12-2월)의 SSF 산정 정확도를 평가한 결과, 지표면 온도 자료와의 평균 정확도는 0.75(0.48-0.87)로 나타났다. 그러나, 지표면 온도가 0℃ 이상일 때 SSF가 동결 상태로 나타나는 오차가 관측되었으며, 이는 여름철 후방산란계수의 평균값과 겨울철 후방산란계수의 평균값을 통해 산정하는 SSF 산정 수식의 특성 때문으로 이 값의 조정을 통해 오차를 개선할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제33권6_1호
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• pp.947-960
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• 2017

Soil moisture plays an important role to affect the Earth's radiative energy balance and water cycle. In general, satellite observations are useful for estimating the soil moisture content. Passive microwave satellites have an advantage of direct sensitivity on surface soil moisture. However, their coarse spatial resolutions (10-36 km) are not suitable for regional-scale hydrological applications. Meanwhile, in-situ ground observations of point-based soil moisture content have the disadvantage of spatially discontinuous information. This paper presents an experimental soil moisture retrieval using Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) with 10m spatial resolution for cropland in South Korea. We developed a soil moisture retrieval algorithm based on the technique of linear regression and SVR (support vector regression) using the ground observations at five in-situ sites and Sentinel-1 SAR data from April to October in 2015-2017 period. Our results showed the polarization dependency on the different soil sensitivities at backscattered signals, but no polarization dependence on the accuracies. No particular seasonal characteristics of the soil moisture retrieval imply that soil moisture is generally more affected by hydro-meteorology and land surface characteristics than by phenological factors. At the narrower range of incidence angles, the relationship between the backscattered signal and soil moisture content was more distinct because the decreasing surface interference increased the retrieval accuracies under the condition of evenly distributed soil moisture (during the raining period or on the paddy field). We had an overall error estimate of RMSE (root mean square error) of approximately 6.5%. Our soil moisture retrieval algorithm will be improved if the effects of surface roughness, geomorphology, and soil properties would be considered in the future works.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.723-730
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• 2012

The radar cross section(RCS) of a trihedral corner reflector(TCR) should be accurately computed when it is used as an external calibration target for a satellite synthetic aperture radar(SAR) calibration campaign. This paper presents the RCS analysis on a trihedral corner reflector which is installed on a calibration site, using the wave reflection from the rough surface and the wave diffraction from the TCR edges. The results in this paper show quantitatively the effect of the front surface on the RCS of a TCR. The difference of the RCS between a TCR in air and a TCR on a ground surface is computed by including the interaction term which consists of the edge diffraction from the TCR edges and the surface reflection from the front rough surface. The reflection coefficient of a randomly rough surface is a function of the surface roughness and dielectric constant of the surface. The RCS of $10{\lambda}$ size TCR on a ground is 0.46 dB higher than TCR in air at 9.65 GHz, and this can reach at maximum 1.55 dB depending on a surface condition and TCR size. The effect of the front surface on the RCS of a TCR increases, as the surface roughness decreases, the soil moisture increases, and the size of TCR in wavelength decreases.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

As the performance of the spaceborne SAR has been dramatically enhanced and demonstrated through advanced missions such as TerraSAR and LRO(Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter), the need for highly sophisticated and efficient SAR processor is also highlighted. In Korea, the activity of SAR researches has been mainly concerned with SAR image applications and the current SAR raw data studies are mostly limited to stripmap mode cases. The first Korean spaceborne SAR is scheduled to be operational from 2010 and expected to deliver vast amount of SAR raw data acquired from multiple operational scenarios including ScanSAR mode. Hence there will be an increasing demand to implement ground processing systems that enable to analyze the acquired ScanSAR data and generate corresponding images. In this paper, we have developed an efficient ScanSAR processor that can be directly applied to spaceborne ScanSAR mode data. The SPECAN(Spectrum Analysis) algorithm is employed for this purpose and its performance is verified through RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR raw data taken over Korean peninsular. An efficient quick-look processing is carried out to produce a wide-swath SAR image and compared with the conventional RDA processing case.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Modeling of artificial targets in Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) mainly simulates radar signals reflected from the faces and edges of the 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) model with a ray-tracing method, and modeling of the clutter on the Earth's surface uses a method of distinguishing types with similar distribution characteristics through statistical analysis of the SAR image itself. In this paper, man-made targets on the surface and background clutter on the terrain are integrated and made into a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud scatterer model, and SAR image were created through computational signal processing. The results of the SAR Stripmap image generation of the actual automobile based SAR radar system and the results analyzed using EM modeling or statistical distribution models are compared with this 3D point cloud scatterer model. The modeling target is selected as an bridge because it has the characteristic of having both water surface and ground terrain around the bridge and is also a target of great interest in both military and civilian use.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2014

This paper proposes a measurement method of the complex relative permittivity of semi-solid materials using a new cavity structure. Semi-solid materials are positioned in the proposed cavity where an aperture exists on each corner of the upper part and a ground plane is separated. In order to show the validation of the proposed method, we measured the complex relative permittivity of distilled water and 0.9 % saline by sensing a shift of resonant frequency and using Critical-Points Method, and compared the results with those derived from the Cole-Cole equation.