• Applied Microscopy
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2013

In this work, microstructural and hardness evolution of the X20 steel upon short-term creep test ($550^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$, $180^{\circ}C$ to 60 MPa) was studied by using scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscope, microhardness tester. After creep rupture, gauge and grip part of the specimens were microstructurally analyzed. Creep at the $650^{\circ}C$/60 MPa resulted in a rupture at 1,460 hours with growth of lath width from 1.31 to $2.87{\mu}m$ and a grain growth with a more equiaxed feature. There is a close relationship between Microhardness and lath width. The formation and coarsening of Laves phase, which was observed up to $600^{\circ}C$ of creep temperature, was accelerated by the applied stress. Slight coarsening of the $M_{23}C_6$ was observed in the $550^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$ crept or aged specimens. The coarsening of $M_{23}C_6$ depended on the temperature, where specimens crept at $650^{\circ}C$ showed higher growth rate. The microstructural evolution of X20 after short-term creep test was extensively discussed in relation to the long-term creep/aging test reported in literatures.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Purpose: We reconstructed the thumb with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap and report our 6 cases. Materials and Methods: Between March 2003 and August 2004, 6 degloving thumbs or amputation of thumbs were reconstructed with groin flap combined with secondary heterodigital neurovascular island flap. There ware 4 men and 2 women, and mean age was 42.2 years. The following parameters were evaluated. Results: Recipient thumb was no limitation of apposition. but flexion contracture of interphalangeal joint was about 10 degree in two cases. Average grip power were 80% and average pinch power were 70% that of the normal thumb. The two point discrimination was average 10.5 mm and double sensibility in 2 cases. 2 patients have cold intolerance. Neuroma formation was not made. Cosmetic results as judged by patients were that 4 cases are good and 2 cases are fair. Conclusion: If massive skin defect after degloving thumb or amputation of thumb are present, we consider the numerous methods for reconstruction of thumb. This surgical procedure is good methods because of it's pliability, sensation, satisfactory functional results but major disadvantage are the staged operation and cosmetic effect of the absence of thumb nail.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2020

본 연구는 고등부 씨름 선수들을 대상으로 체급별 기초·전문체력의 차이를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 측정기간은 2019년 11월 25일-12월4일이며, 총 28명의 고등부 씨름 선수(80kg이하 7명, 90kg이하 8명, 90kg이하 7명, 100kg이상 6명)를 대상으로 체급별 기초·전문 체력요인(근력, 근파워, 민첩성, 무산소성파워, 유산소능력, 유연성, 등속성근기능)을 측정하여 비교·분석하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 23.0을 활용하여 one-way ANOVA와 Duncan을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 악력과 팔굽혀펴기, 서전트점프, 제자리멀리뛰기, 체후굴, 체전굴, 사이드스텝, 반응시간에서 체급별 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 배근력에서 100kg 이하인 그룹이 100kg 이상인 장사급보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며, 윗몸일으키기와 20m 셔틀런에서 장사급보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 무산소성 최고파워와 평균파워의 상대적인 값은 100kg 이하인 그룹이 100kg 이상인 장사급보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 등속성근기능의 경우 허리 신전/굴곡력과 무릎 관절의 우측 신전근력, 그리고 좌우측 굴곡근력에서 체급별 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과에서 얻은 결론은 고등부 씨름 선수의 경우 근파워, 유연성, 민첩성 그리고, 체중당 무산소성 평균파워와 등속성 허리근력, 무릎굴근력에서 체급에 따른 차이가 없다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제14호
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• pp.431-447
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• 2007

경호전공 대학생들의 체력요인은 교육 프로그램 개발의 필요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 경호업무수행에 있어서 경호학과 전공학생의 체력요인과 전공무도별 체력요인의 실태를 분석하고, 체력요인에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 규명하여 전공학생들의 교육 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초 자료로 제공하는데 그 목적을 두었으며, 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 충청남도에 소재한 J대학교 재학생 남자 80명을 대상으로 10개 항목의 체력검사를 실시하여 체력요인의 구조를 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 경호학 전공학생에 영향을 미치는 체력요인은 순발력, 평형성, 근력요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경호학 전공학생 중 태권도 전공에게 영향을 미치는 체력요인은 평형성, 순발력, 근력, 심폐지구력요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경호학 전공학생 중 유도 전공에게 영향을 미치는 체력요인은 순발력, 유연성, 근력요인으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경호학 전공학생 중 합기도 전공에게 영향을 미치는 체력요인은 근지구력, 근력, 심폐지구력, 유연성요인으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 경호학 전공학생 중 검도 전공에게 영향을 미치는 체력요인은 심폐지구력, 순발력요인으로 나타났다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-101
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• 1995

Using Bi-Digital O-Ring Test which was developed by Ohmura Toshiaki, constitution classification by the vegetables' was measured by various muscle power measurement meters and the results are as follow : 1. Pinch guage (Model : pc5030HPG, Japan) is the guage to measure finger power between the thumb and second finger, Grip Strength Dynamometer (Model : T.K.K. 5101, Japan) is to measure the hand power (hand dynamometer), Back Strength dynamometer (Model : T.K.K. 5102, Japan)is to measue back muscle strength, Vertical Jump Meter (Model : T.K.K. 5106, Japan) is to measure the height of jump. The above guages were used and its result found that the radish, potato, carrot and cucumber can influence to the muscle strength was not true. 2. When the physical constitution is distinguished vy the O-Ring Test method, Taeyangin's rate appeared as average 21% although it was insistedthat there will be only 0.03-0.1%. This means that the influence power of vegetable doest not appear according to the physical constitution but it appears accidently according to the examinee's emotion about the material such as vegetable etc. as favor or unfavor. 3. It was found that the result of O-Ring Test is the same at any time and at any place was not true. there is no reemergence character. 4. The import of O-Ring Test method to the physical discriminatio disregarded that the mental facor influences absolutely to the physical heath in the ideological physical constitution medicla science. 5. 'O-Ring Test method is a objective judgement method'. is wrong judgement. As you see on the above result, Bi-Digital O-Ring Test set the changeable voluntary muscle as the standard of the judgement, that was first mistake logically, second in spite of leass influence of mental influence by the examiner and examinee than the vegetable discrimination influence, the test disregarded the influence. Thire, only grasp of some material on hand can influence to the voluntary was a wrong theory disregarding the physiology. Finally the misunderstaning his subjective view as an objective view in spite of examiner and examinee's strong influence. Therefore such kind of physical descrimination method must be sublated.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1351-1361
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an East-West Self-help program for Rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were 75 post stroke clients(Exp. group : 38, Cont. group:37), The subjects of the experimental group participated in the Self-help group program of six sessions, twice a week, during 6 weeks. The program consisted of health education of stroke, exercise, oriental nursing interventions, and therapeutic recreation. The obtained data were analyzed by using the repeated measure ANOVA of SPSS. Result: 1) The score of rehabilitation self-efficacy increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. 2) The score of BADL, IADL, amount of use & quality of movement of the affected U/E, and grip power increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. 3)The level of blood cholesterol decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Considering these research results, the program is effective in improving functional abilities and self-management ability. Therefore this program could be implemented as a community based self-help group program for post stroke clients.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to present the basic materials of a developmental counterplan by assessing prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and characteristics of work-related ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of 64 vineyard workers was investigated by using a self-reported questionnaire. And the vineyard workers' tasks were also collected and analyzed during 9-month period by observing and videotaping methods to identify the ergonomic risk factors. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms of female(84.4%) was much higher than that of male(62.5%) and a total prevalence rate was 73.4%. There was no different prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms between age over 60 years and under 60 years. The prevalence rates of musculoskeletal complaints for each body part were 48.4%, 42.2%, and 35.9% for the wrist, legs/knee, and shoulder, respectively. In postural risk analysis, 7 works(REBA score) represented the high risk tasks such as delivering harvest boxed(12), picking cluster(11) and so on. The main works(exposure score) were orderly ranked as picking cluster(1590), pruning branch(388), and cluster thinning(327). The risk factors of vineyard work were identified as follows: shoulder flexion(${\geq}45^{\circ}$), wrist Flex./Ext.(${\geq}15^{\circ}$), hand force(power/pinch-grip), and prolonged standing(${\geq}4hr$). The engineering solutions including an improvement of hand tools, working process, and working environment should be applied to the high risky tasks in order to resolve the ergonomic problems. The administrative solutions such as improving a distribution of resting time, an exercise cure, an early recognition of symptoms and rehabilitation might be another solution for reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.771-776
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• 2007

Purpose: Complete release of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) is accepted as the standard treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, loss of grip and pinch power are reported in some patients after complete release of the TCL. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of complete versus partial carpal tunnel release by using the inching technique. Methods: Nineteen patients (a total of 27 hands) who each had a confirmed diagnosis of CTS were selected from September 2002 to February 2003. The cases were divided into three groups(mild, moderate and severe) based on preoperative electrodiagnostic studies. The patients with partial carpal tunnel syndrome were classified into the mild or moderate groups, while patients with complete carpal tunnel syndrome were classified into the moderate or severe groups. Patient oriented data (functional and symptomatic) were collected and electrophysiologic studies were undertaken preoperatively and postoperatively(on the 2nd week, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after surgery).Results: In this study, the mild and moderate groups showed both good functional and symptomatic results and improvements in electrophysiologic studies.Conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome patients classified into mild or moderate groups based on nerve conduction studies, and whose precise compression sites were pinpointed using the inching technique, can be treated by partial carpal tunnel release.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1993

Although the etiology of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease is clearly related to avascular changes in the lunate, but the actual cause leading to this vascular impairment has remained elusive. Therefore, a great many different surgical procedures have been proposed for the correction of the multiple factors leading to lunate collapse or for the treatment of the lunatomalacia. The treatment modalities includes lunate excision, intercarpal arthrodesis, lunate implant resection arthroplasty, joint levelling operation(e.g ulnar lengthening & radial shortening), pronater quadratus pedicle graft and vascular loop graft. In the period from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1992, we performed operative treatment in 19 cases of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease. Among them, 6 cases were treated with vascular loop graft. We analysed all patients who were treated with vascular loop graft after followed up of 4 year 6 months, on an average(range from 1 year to 8 year 10 months). The results analysed are as follows, 1. All cases were stage III according to Lichtman's classification. 2. Ulnar variance was -1.5(range$-2{\sim}0$), on an average. 3. The average age of patients were 37.7years old(range 31-41). 4. Postoperatively, there were considerable restoration of range of motion and complete relief of pain in all cases, but continued decrease of grip power in one case. 5. Decreased sclerosis, loss of fragmentation and new bone formation were appeared in the last follow up film, in all cases. The vascular loop graft considered as a useful method for the treatment of the $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.286-291
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of clothing habits wearing cool or warm in daily life on motor ability. A group of ten healthy young females were divided into a cold (C) group and a warm (W) group. From autumn to winter, C group was advised to wear cool clothing, and W group, warm Clothing. The subject's physical fitness were tested in October, initial stage of the clothing training and March of the following year, final stage of the training. The measurements were taken after the subjects rested in a thermoneutral room conditioned at 23$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ over 1 hour. The test items were weight, skinfold thickness, grip strength (right, left), back-lift strength, vertical jump, sit-ups, Irosmax, side step test, single-foot standing test with eyes closed, and standing trunk flexion. Changes in motor ability of each group between initial stage and final stage of the training were compared. 1. Muscle strength, part of the motor revelation capacity, showed no significant change in the both ,Troops. On the other hand, strength and power showed a decrease in the both groups and C group showed a sharp decrease. 2. Muscular endurance and cardio-pulmonary fitness, part of the motor continuation capacity, were increased after the training and the degree of increase was great in C group. 3. C group showed significant increase in motor coordination capacity including agility, balance, and flexibility after the training, while Wgroup showed significant increases only in balance. 4. Weight and skinfold thickness as a part of the physique showed no significant change.