• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

Cultured products (callus and exopolysaccharide) were obtained from suspension culture of Aloe vera callus, and the extracts of callus were further prepared with cold water or 60% ethanol solution. The ethanol extract of callus (AC) and exopolysaccharide (ACP) of 10 mg/mL exhibited the relatively higher suppression activity of 43.2-52.1% against hyaluronidase activity. Thus, their anti-inflammatory effects were further investigated using animal cell (Raw 264.7) in vitro. Though AC shows a slight suppression effect of cell survival rate (97%) using MTT assay in the presence of $400{\mu}g/mL$ AC- dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cell growth promotion was observed in the other samples of lower levels. It indicates that the ethanol extract of Aloe callus rarely affect cell survival rate in the ranges ($200-400{\mu}g/mL$) used in the study. Using Griess reagent, the suppression of NO production by the aloe callus extract was analyzed by measuring the amount of the nitrite produced in Raw 264.7 culture activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, supplementation of AC-distilled water (DW) and AC-DMSO produced higher levels of NO than the positive control LPS. However, the NO suppression effect by ACP-DW was so intense that lower amount ($80-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed NO production to the level of the control. The effect was attributed to the expression of the iNOS. Then, Raw 264.7 cells were stimulated with the LPS and expression of COX-2 protein level was analyzed depending on the Aloe suspension culture product treatment. The results showed that the ACP-DW supplemented medium did not express COX-2 by itself, and LPS stimulated COX-2 expression was slightly decreased. On the other hand, realtime-PCR analysis of the expression of inflammatory cytokine showed that IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was highly suppressed in the ACP- distilled water supplemented medium.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

Purpose: Citron seed oil (CSO) has been reported to have high antioxidant activity. However, the composition and other biologically activities of CSO have not been reported. In this study, we confirmed the fatty acid composition of CSO, which may be beneficial to vascular disease and obesity. Methods: We investigated the oil composition of CSO using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and cytotoxicity was confirmed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using Griess reagent, and lipid accumulation and leptin secretion in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil-Red O staining and commercial ELISA kit, respectively. Results: GC-MS analysis indicated that CSO contains several components, including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and arachidic acid. In physiological activity analysis, CSO did not induce cytotoxic effects in HUVECs and 3T3-L1 cells. Further, CSO significantly induced nitric oxide and leptin secretion as well as inhibited lipid accumulation. Conclusion: CSO increased NO release, inhibited lipid accumulation, and induced leptin secretion, suggesting it may be useful for the management of vessels and weight gain. Although further studies are required to investigate the safety and mechanism of action of CSO, our results show that the composition and physiological activity of CSO are sufficient for its use as functional edible oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1226-1232
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• 2003

Bamboo trees have been used for a long time as folk remedies for treatment of hypertension and stroke symptoms in Oriental regions. These pharmaceutical effects of bamboos look like to be related to its antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals in bamboos. To evaluate the antioxidative effects of bamboo trees, five kinds of bamboo varieties dominant in Korean peninsular were chosen and determined its total antioxidaive activities, free radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging activities by TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay, DPPH and Griess reagent assay using in vitro system, respectively. To evaluate the correlation between antioxidative activities and Maillard reaction during hot water extraction, contents of reducing sugar and total nitrogen and brown color intensity at 420 nm were determined. When total antioxidative activities, free radical scavenging activities and nitrite scavenging activities of five kinds of bamboo trees were compared, wang-dae (Phyllostachys bambusoides S. et Z.) showed the strongest effect among samples, although all kinds of extracts showed relatively strong effects against oxidation. The bamboo culms extract showed stronger antioxidative effects than that of bamboo leaves. In each fraction obtained from 70% ethanol extract, antioxidative effect were increased in order of dichloromethane>ethyl acetate>butanol>water>hexane fraction. In reducing sugar analysis of extracts, reducing sugar contents of water extracts were higher than that of 70% ethanol extracts and wang-dae water extract showed the highest level which was 708.92 mg/g. Total nitrogen contents of the extracts were $1.785{\sim}2.605\;mg%$ and contents in water extracts were lower than that in 70% ethanol extracts. Brown color intensity at 420 nm showed similar tendency with results in reducing sugar contents.