• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.87-89
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• 2009

In the present paper, transition turbulence model is applied to the NACA64(3)618 and detailed flow features are studied. The turbulence model is sensitive to the boundary layer grid quality and y+ of the grid was limited to 1. The prediction of the transition region is dependent on the local flow condition. The pressure coefficient distribution of the transition turbulence model is compared with that of the fully turbulent mode and the drag distribution of the transition turbulence model was compared with that of the wind tunnel test.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2479-2490
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• 2020

We performed experiments to measure a single-phase upward flow in a 5 × 5 rod bundle with spacer grids using a particle image velocimetry, focusing on the crossflow. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter and the bulk velocity is 10,000. The ratio of pitch between rods and rod diameter is 1.4 and spacer grid is installed periodically. The turbulence in the rod bundle results from the combination of a forced mixing and natural mixing. The forced mixing by the spacer grid persists up to 10D_h from the spacer grid, while the natural mixing is attributed to the crossflow between adjacent subchannels. The combined effects contribute to a sinusoidal distribution of the time-averaged stream-wise velocity along the lateral direction, which is relatively weak right behind the spacer grid as well as in the gap. The streamwise and lateral turbulence intensities are stronger right behind the spacer grid and in the gap. Based on these findings, we newly defined a modified mixing coefficient as the ratio of the lateral turbulence intensity to the time-averaged streamwise velocity, which shows a spatial variation. Finally, we compared the developed model with the measured data, which shows a good agreement with each other.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2002

Numerical flow computations around an aeroelastic 3D square cylinder immersed in the turbulent boundary layer are shown. Present computational code can be characterized by three numerical aspects which are 1) the method of artificial compressibility is adopted for the incompressible flow computations, 2) the domain decomposition technique is used to get better grid point distributions, and 3) to achieve the conservation law both in time and space when the flow is computed a with moving and transformed grid, the time derivatives of metrics are evaluated using the time-and-space volume. To provide time-dependant inflow boundary conditions satisfying prescribed time-averaged velocity profiles, a convenient way for generating inflow turbulence is proposed. The square cylinder is modeled as a 4-lumped-mass system and it vibrates with two-degree of freedom of heaving motion. Those blocks which surround the cylinder are deformed according to the cylinder's motion. Vigorous oscillations occur as the vortex shedding frequency approaches cylinder's natural frequencies.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.439-442
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• 2002

In this study, a turbulence simulation is carried out in a suction type wind tunnel using grids, where turbulent flows with various turbulence intensity are successfully produced by the change of grid size, arrangement of grids and settling position, respectively. Response tests of rectangular cylinder models with aspect ratio of 2 and 4 are carried out in smooth flow and generated turbulent flows. Additionally, two types of fairing are considered such as right triangle and regular triangle. The effects of wind velocity fluctuations and fairing are discussed on vortex-induced oscillation.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

Aerodynamic sensitivity analysis is performed for the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with two-equation turbulence models using a discrete adjoint method and a direct differentiation method respectively. Like the mean flow equations, the turbulence model equations are also hand-differentiated to accurately calculate the sensitivity derivatives of flow quantities with respect to design variables in turbulent viscous flows. The sensitivity codes are then compared with the flow solver in terms of solution accuracy, computing time and computer memory requirements. The sensitivity derivatives obtained from the sensitivity codes with different turbulence models are compared with each other. The capability of the present sensitivity codes to treat complex geometry is successfully demonstrated by analyzing the flows over multi-element airfoils on Chimera overlaid grid systems.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2019

This paper describes large eddy simulation of wind pressures on a square cylinder in a uniform flow and a high-rise building immersed in an atmospheric turbulent boundary layer. For the atmospheric boundary layer case, the inflow turbulence is generated by a numerical wind tunnel. In the numerical simulation, particular attention is devoted to the performance of an auto hexahedral non-structural mesh. Both simulations are performed for three grid systems: an auto hexahedral non-structured grid, a structured Cartesian grid and a non-structured triangular prism grid, and for three grid numbers. The present study shows that the auto hexahedral unstructured mesh achieves the best simulation results for wind pressures on the square cylinder and the high-rise building. When the grid number is sufficiently large, the differences among the results obtained from the three investigated grid systems are not significant. However, the advantage of the auto hexahedral unstructured mesh becomes clear when the grid number decreases, because it enables a balanced distribution of orthogonal grids. The results described in this paper demonstrate that the auto hexahedral non-structured mesh has good potential applicability to simulation of urban flows.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2004

A technique for the simulation of atmospheric boundary layers in wind tunnels is developed and tested experimentally. The device consists of a grid made of seven horizontal and vertical evenly distributed bars in which air injection holes are drilled in order to influence the flow in the wind tunnel. The air flow in each bar can be controlled independently. Firstly, the device is used together with a rough carpet, which covers the test section floor, in order to simulate the boundary-layer characteristics over an open rural area. Hot-wire measurements, performed at different positions in the test-section, show the capability of the grid in generating the required boundary layer. An acceptable agreement with statistical values of mean velocity and turbulence profiles has been achieved, together with a good span-wise homogeneity. The results are also compared with those of a passive simulation technique based on the use of spires.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.58-65
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• 1994

계산격자크기의 변화에 따른 해의 특성을 이해하는 것은 중요하며, 특히 벽함수를 사용하지 않는 난류모형을 사용할 때 더욱 그러하다. 본 논문에서는 배주위의 3차원 난류유동장에 대한 수치해의 격자의존성에 대한 수치계산적인 조사를 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 수정된 sub-grid-scale 난류모형과 함께 유한체적법을 사용하며 복잡한 배의 기하학적 형상에 적합한 비직교의 곡선좌표계를 수치적으로 만들어 사용한다. 그리고 수학선형인 Wigley 선형과 Series 60($C_B=0.8$) 선형에 대하여 수치계산적인 연구를 수행하고, 수치해의 격자의존성을 보이기 위하여 여러가지 격자크기에 대한 계산결과들을 서로 비교하였으며 실험결과와도 비교해 보인다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2017

평판에 설치된 스터드 주위의 천이 유동에 있어 격자 크기의 영향을 알기 위해 대형 와 모사를 수행하였다. 스터드에서 야기되는 주 유동 방향의 와 구조가 스터드 후류의 천이에 미치는 영향이 매우 크기 때문에 주 유동 방향, 벽면 수직 방향 그리고 횡 방향으로 격자 크기를 ${\sqrt{2}}$ 배씩 증가시키거나 감소시키면서 스터드 후류에서 주 유동 방향의 와도를 비교하였다. 그 결과 스터드 후류에서 발달하는 주 유동 방향의 와도는 횡 방향 격자 크기에 매우 큰 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 ${\Delta}x^+{_{min}}=7.6$, ${\Delta}x^+{_{max}}=41$, ${\Delta}y^+{_{wall}}=0.25$ and ${\Delta}z^+=7.6$의 격자 크기를 결정하였다. 이러한 격자 구성에 있어 모든 방향으로 격자 크기를 동시에 ${\sqrt{2}}$ 배씩 증가시키거나 감소시키면서 스터드에 작용하는 힘의 변화를 비교하여 격자 검증을 실시한 결과 평균 압력 계수와 항력 계수의 비보정 불확실성이 각각 21.6 %와 2.8 % 정도로 추정되었으며, 보정 불확실성은 각각 2 %와 0.3 %로 추정되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1866-1872
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• 1994

Turbulent flow in a channel with a square rib periodically mounted on one wall is studied by large-eddy simulation(LES). An efficient 3D Navier-Stokes solver has been written for this geometry using a fractional step method and a multi-grid technique. The Reynolds number considered is 82, 000 based on the mean velocity above the obstacle height. Near-wall turbulence is approximated by a wall-layer model based on the turbulence intensity at the grid point nearest a solid wall. The results show a good qualitative agreement with experiments currently available for a single rib, indicating that LES can be a useful tool in simulating complex turbulent flows.