• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3043-3051
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• 2013

As abnormal climate phenomena frequently happen due to the after-effect of the global warming, all nations suggest climate change response policies in many different fields to prevent global warming by reducing greenhouse gas. Especially, these days, the realization that the greenhouse gas from city buildings should be decreased is growing, and it is because that buildings are accounted for a quarter of national greenhouse gas emission and it is more than half the percentage of emissions within the city. Accordingly, Korean government sees the need to take an initiating role to fulfill low-carbon green policies and promotion strategies in the public sector, and wants to facilitate greenhouse gas reduction in the private sector as well. In this background, this study tries to examine the low-carbon planning element in public buildings and figure out the amount of carbon reduction and economic analysis centering Cheongju city as case study. Lastly, we propose some suggestion for low-carbon and greening of public buildings.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.291-303
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• 2013

After establishing national greenhouse gas emission reduction goals, the South Korean government has been pursuing sector- and industry-specific greenhouse gas emission reduction measures; in support of which, metropolitan city / state governing entities, such as Gyeonggi Province, etc., have been in lock steps by establishing and executing climate change measures that are appropriate for the regional characteristics. However, in the case of local governments, difficulties abound due to the fact that the per-unit greenhouse gas emission amounts and the future emission estimates for establishing reduction targets are not clear. In order to establish correct climate change measure policies, the policy directions and the assessment of verified greenhouse gas emission amounts would need to serve as the basis, and along with the national level climate change effect and vulnerability assessment, there's a need to develop methodologies that take into consideration the local characteristics and conditions. To this end, this study calculated the greenhouse gas emission amounts of the City of Siheung, a basic local government in Gyeonggi Province, by using the GEBT (Greenhouse gas Emission Business-as-usual Tool) developed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to facilitate easy calculations of BAU (business-as-usual) emission quantities by local governing entities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.162-169
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• 2012

Our country set the mid-term reduction goal of greenhouse gases up to 2020 in accordance with Bali roadmap agreed in 2007 through the negotiation with UNFCCC in 2009 and specified the proper goal as by the Basic Act on Green Growth that went into effect at April, 2010. First of all the enlargement of green building construction has been suggested as a worldwide strategy to achieve the green house gas reduction. Building area is one of most important sectors for the countermeasure of climate change agreement and the achievement of national green house gas reduction goal and the need to reduce its green house gases has been increased accordingly. The objective of the study is to examine the status and characterization of mass energy consumption local governmental buildings' green house gas emissions depending on usage (hotel, school, apartment, hospital) through the green house gas emission source unit analysis. The result indicated that the energy source unit was proportional to green house gas source unit and hotel showed the highest green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit, followed by hospital, apartment, and then school. In case of apartment, green house gas emission source unit per open area of construction unit decreased as year went on. Meanwhile school building showed a striking increase in the annual energy source unit.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide is a major cause for which accelerates Global Warming. Therefore several countries are working on the project recommended to use a bicycle instead of the car when you move to the nearby destination in an effort to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. In this paper, It was developed to measure the greenhouse gas reduction using Bluetooth Sensor Node by riding a bicycle instead of a car and management system in order to authenticate the riding record. The developed application provides various information such as individual bicycle mileage, greenhouse gas reductions, bicycle riding path, the number of planted ginkgo trees. This proposed system is expected to be helpful to green house gas emission reduction because the usage rate of bicycle will increase if government combine ways to offer people rewards such as pin money or tax breaks for people who take advantage of the bicycle with the project.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2020

This study analyzes in detail greenhouse gas emissions in building sector. To this end, this study used data on building characteristics (including building type, region, and construction year) and monthly energy consumptions (including electricity, city gas, and district heat) for all buildings from 2015 to 2018. These data were collected from the National Building Energy Database and the energy consumptions were converted into greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total amount of GHG emissions from the building sector has increased steadily from 2015 (118.1MtCO2eq.) to 2018 (132.6MtCO2eq.). On the other hand, the more recently constructed buildings had lower GHG intensities. This result shows that strengthening building design criteria was effective on the reduction of GHG emissions in buildings, and that the increased buildings contributed to increasing GHG emissions of the building sector. In addition, sales facilities are thought to have the largest reduction potential as they had the highest amount of GHG emissions and GHG intensity. This study is expected to help establish new policies for GHG reduction in building sector as well as to evaluate the effects of existing policies.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.181-195
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• 2018

On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

In this study, GHG inventory on 17 local government between 2005 and 2014 is build up using 'GHG emission estimation guideline (2016. 2) for local government' developed and distributed by KECO. This covers all the sectors should be included in national GHG inventory, which are energy, industrial process, agriculture, AFOLU, and waste. In addition, six GHGs, carbon dioxide, metane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride declared in Kyoto protocol are estimated to reflect utmost precision. Indirect esissions, such as electricity, heat and waste generation are separately estimated as well as direct emissions to help local government to establish substantial and implementable reduction measures of GHGs.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Energy consumption in agriculture is responsible for greenhouse gas emission but it can be reduced after efficient utilization of energy inputs. Therefore, the present study aims for the estimation of energy efficiency and extent of greenhouse gas reduction after benchmarking of inefficient farms in off-season tomato in Punjab province of Pakistan. Primary data were collected from 70 farmers with simple random sampling. By using data envelopment analysis, the average value of technical, pure technical and scale efficiency was 0.80, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively while increasing, constant and decreasing return to scale was observed in 33, 26 and 11 farmers, respectively. Total input energy was reduced by $12,688.91MJ\;ha^{-1}$ (13.89%) if inefficient farms used the energy inputs according to recommendations or benchmarking. A major portion of energy saving comes from fertilizers (68.79%) followed by diesel (15.70%), chemicals (5.91%), machinery (4.37%) and water (4.00%). Total greenhouse gases reduction was $499.17kg\;CO_2\;eq.ha^{-1}$ (14.57%) as a result of improvement in energy efficiency or benchmarking of inefficient farms. Agricultural extension staff should visit the vegetable farms on regular basis and give necessary information about efficient utilization of energy inputs. The government should create awareness about the optimum use of input through seminars and pamphlets.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Agriculture is a vulnerable sector to climate change because it is a primary industry directly exposed to climate. At the same time, it is a sector emitting greenhouse gases during agricultural activities, thereby affecting climate change. However, agriculture is a nascent subject under the UNFCCC. The agriculture sector needs both adaptation and mitigation. Currently, co-benefit of adaptation and mitigation is emphasized during climate change negotiation. Developing country parties are in a position to focus on adaptation rather than mitigation. As a result, mitigation is not being addressed enough during climate negotiation. Agriculture has been addressed through Nairobi Work Programme and NAPA. Since current efforts for greenhouse gas reduction are not sufficient for stabilizing the atmospheric system of the Earth to prevent climate change, the agriculture sector should also be considered for greenhouse gas reduction. For this, MRV for small farmers in developing countries and incentives for their mitigation efforts should be developed in agriculture sector. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation for developing capacities for vulnerable countries and people to climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2010

In general, wastewater treatment systems consume high-energy consumption depending on operation characteristics of the facilities. Therefore, greenhouse gas(GHG) reduction activities that are application of digestion gas, induction of renewable energy etc. are conducted to reduce energy consumption and to increase energy independence ratio. In this study, GHG reduction in wastewater treatment system identified, searched application of Clean Development mechanism(CDM) approved methodology. If the methodologies apply to GHG reduction activities such as application of digestion gas, heat pump system using the wastewater as heat source, hydropower using the methodology determined CDM applicability, otherwise through several assumptions calculated expectable GHG reduction emissions and determined CDM applicability. As a result, the order of calculated GHG reduction emission showed that collected and energy generation of digestion gas is 66,775 $tCO_2$/yr, gas engine cogeneration system is 8,182 $tCO_2$/yr, heat pump system using the wastewater as a heat source is 72,715 $tCO_2$/yr, and hydropower is 561 $tCO_2$/yr. Consequently, the order of calculated Certified Emission Reductions(CERs) benefit showed that heat pump system using the wastewater, as a heat source is 1,381 million won/yr was estimated as the highest, followed by a collected and energy generation of digestion gas is 1,268 million won/yr.