• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.54-56
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• 2004

Rust disease was occurred on blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis) in several farmer's fields located in Heohwa-myon, Goseong-gun, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease appeared as small, yellowish spot on leaves at first. The spots then turned brown, their edges rised slightly, and powdery mass of yellow or yellowish green spores appeared on the lesions. Severely infected leaves were blighted and eventually died. Urediniospores were yellow or yellowish brown in color, globoid to ovoid in shape and $21{\sim}46{\times}18{\sim}38\;{\mu}m$ in size. Teliospores were brown in color, oblong or clavate in shape and $32{\sim}64{\times}12{\sim}26\;{\mu}m$ in size. The causal fungus was identified as Puccinia belamcandae based on morphological characteristics and host specificity. This is the first report on the rust of B. chinensis caused by P. belamcandae in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2011

Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed ${\ss}$-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine and Nacetyl-D-glucosamine. There have been many reports on the induced systemic resistance and in vivo antifungal activities of higher molecular weight chitosans with molecular weights over 3,000 amu (atomatic mass unit), but there are few papers on in vivo antifungal activities of low molecular weight chitosans (oligochitosans) with molecular weights less than 3,000 amu. In our study, an oligochitosan sample (320.3,000 amu) showed a potent 1-day protective activity with control values more than 94% at concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ${\mu}g$/ml especially against tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans under growth chamber conditions. It also displayed a moderate 1-day protective activity with control values of 67.89% at concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ${\mu}g$/ml against wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose. On the other hand, it showed a 16-hr curative activity against red pepper anthracnose, but not against tomato late blight and wheat leaf rust. In field experiments, oligochitosan effectively suppressed the development of late blight on potato and tomato plants with control values of 72% and 48%, respectively. The results strongly indicate that oligochitosan can be used as an eco-friendly organic material for the control of late blight on tomato and potato plants.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-123
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate mineral precipitates, which derived from the zero valent iron (ZVI) corrosion during TCE dechlorination and to find the controlling factors in mineral precipitates. A series of column experiemnts were conducted to evaluate the location of ZVI and the effects of electrode arrangements in electro-enhanced permeable reactive barrier (E2PRB) systems. Based on mineralogical study, ZVI samples near the influent port had more lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite or Fe (oxy)hydroxide, and (phospho)siderite while backward samples had more akaganeite, magnetite/maghemite, and intermediate green rust (GR) I and GR II. A suite of mineral distribution was preferabley related to the dissolved oxygen and the increased pH. Controlling factors of mineral precipitates in an E2PRB system were found to be (1) pH, (2) dissolved oxygen, (3) the types of Fe intermediates, and (4) anionic species to form complex strongly.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

We demonstrated that reductive degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive, RDX) can be enhanced by bio-reduced iron-bearing soil minerals (IBSMs) using Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 (CN32). The degradation kinetic rate constant of TNT by bio-reduced magnetite was the highest (0.0039 $h^{-1}$), followed by green rust (0.0022 $h^{-1}$), goethite (0.0017 $h^{-1}$), lepidocrocite (0.0016 $h^{-1}$), and hematite (0.0006 $h^{-1}$). The highest rate constant was obtained by bio-reduced lepidocrocite (0.1811 $h^{-1}$) during RDX degradation, followed by magnetite (0.1700 $h^{-1}$), green rust (0.0757 $h^{-1}$), hematite (0.0495 $h^{-1}$), and goethite (0.0394 $h^{-1}$). Significant increase of Fe(II) was observed during the reductive degradation of TNT and RDX by bio-reduced IBSMs. X-ray diffraction and electron microscope analyses were conducted for identification of degradation mechanism of TNT and RDX in this study. 4-amino-dinitrotoluene were detected as products during TNT degradation, while Hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine, Hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5triazine, and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine were observed during RDX degradation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.25 no.2_spc
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• pp.16-27
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• 2020

Nitrate contamination has received much attention at local as well as regional scales. The domestic situation is not out of exception, and it has been reported to be very serious, particularly within agricultural areas as a result of excessive usage of nitrogen fertilizers. Meanwhile, nitrate can be naturally attenuated by denitrification in subsurface environments. The denitrification occurs through biotic (biological) and abiotic processes, and numerous previous studies preferentially focused the former. However, abiotic denitrification seems to be significant in specific environments. For this reason, this study reviewed the previous studies that focused on abiotic denitrification processes. Firstly, the current status of nitrate contamination in global and domestic scales is presented, and then the effect of geological media on denitrification is discussed while emphasizing the significance of abiotic processes. Finally, the implications of the literature review are presented, along with future research directions that warrant further investigations. The results of previous studies demonstrated that several geological agents could play a vital role in reducing nitrate. Iron-containing minerals such as pyrite, green rust, magnetite, and dissolved ferrous ion are known to be powerful electron donors triggering denitrification. In particular, it was proven that the rate of denitrification by green rust was comparative to that of biological denitrification. The results indicate that abiotic denitrification should be taken into account for more accurate evaluation of denitrification in subsurface environments.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2023

Sport has no age limit and can be done anywhere and in any condition with minimal equipment. The existence of sports spaces in all parts of the world is considered a citizen's right. One of the activities carried out in this field is installing sports equipment and structures in parks and encouraging citizens to use this equipment for physical health with the least cost and facilities. Installing sports structures in open spaces such as parks is a practical step for developing citizens' sports. Although using devices in parks is acceptable, it is more critical to meet scientific and technical standards. The components of these structures must have high strength and endurance against changes in environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature difference, and corrosion. Among the various causes of material degradation, corrosion has always been one of several fundamental causes of metal equipment failure. Sports structures in open spaces are not safe from corrosion. Uniform corrosion is the most common type of corrosion. This corrosion usually occurs uniformly through a chemical or electrochemical reaction across the surface exposed to the corrosive environment. Rust and corrosion of outdoor sports structures are examples of this corrosion. For this reason, in this research, with the green synthesis of silica nanoparticles and its application in outdoor sports structures, the life span of these structures can be increased for the use of physical exercises as well as their quality.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.606-610
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• 2010

A new cultivars Dendranthema grandiflourm 'Dream Moon' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES), Korea in 2008. The cultivar 'Dream Moon' was derived from a cross between 'Patra', a spray cultivar with yellow single type, and 'Sei-rosa', a spray cultivar with pink single type in 2005. The cultivar has single type flowers with pink petals. Trial evaluation was conducted from 2006 to 2008 for a shading cultivation in summer and a retarding cultivation in spring. The flowering time of 'Dream Moon' is late October, and year-round flowering is possible by shade or light treatment. The diameter of flower is 56.0 mm. Numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 16.4 and 24.6, respectively. After investing of specific characters from 2006 to 2008, it was finally selected and named 'Dream Moon'. It has resistance to white rust and the vase life is about 20.7days in autumn season.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2003

Anaerobic Fe(III)-reducing bacteria are known to be able to reduce crystalline and amorphous Fe(III) oxides. Anaerobic Fe(III)-reducing bacterial reduction can induce several kinds of secondary minerals (Fe(II) containing minerals) such as magnetite, siderite, vivianite [($Fe_{3}(PO_{4}{\cdot}2H_{2}O$], and iron sulfide (FeS) according to variety of geochemical and biological conditions. (omitted)

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.325-328
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• 2012

A new Dendranthema grandiflourm 'My Sun' was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services (GARES), Korea in 2009. 'My Sun' was initially derived from the cross in 2005 between 'Omega Time Orange', a potted chrysanthemum cultivar with orange single type, and 'Tasman', a potted chrysanthemum cultivar with white single type in 2005. The cultivar has single type flowers with yellow petals. Trial and evaluation was conducted from 2006 to 2009 for the selection of this variety, including a shading culture in spring and a retarding culture in winter. The flowering time of 'My Sun' was October 13th, and year-round flowering is possible by shading or lighting treatment. The diameter of flower is 21.0 mm. Numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 34.4 and 20.4, respectively. Its leaf color was green (Green Group 137A) and plant height was 13.3 cm. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 42 in spring, and numbers of branch per plant was 3.4 ea in the winter. This cultivar was resistance to white rust and consumer's preference of new pot-mum is high level than control.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1757-1766
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• 2021

The green coverage ratio is the ratio of the land area to green coverage area, and it is used as a practical urban greening index. The green coverage ratio is calculated based on the land cover map, but low spatial resolution and inconsistent production cycle of land cover map make it difficult to calculate the correct green coverage area and analyze the precise green coverage. Therefore, this study proposes a new method to calculate green coverage area using aerial images and deep neural networks. Green coverage ratio can be quickly calculated using manned aerial images acquired by local governments, but precise analysis is difficult because components of image such as acquisition date, resolution, and sensors cannot be selected and modified. This limitation can be supplemented by using an unmanned aerial vehicle that can mount various sensors and acquire high-resolution images due to low-altitude flight. In this study, we proposed a method to calculate green coverage ratio from manned or unmanned aerial images, and experimentally verified the proposed method. Aerial images enable precise analysis by high resolution and relatively constant cycles, and deep learning can automatically detect green coverage area in aerial images. Local governments acquire manned aerial images for various purposes every year and we can utilize them to calculate green coverage ratio quickly. However, acquired manned aerial images may be difficult to accurately analyze because details such as acquisition date, resolution, and sensors cannot be selected. These limitations can be supplemented by using unmanned aerial vehicles that can mount various sensors and acquire high-resolution images due to low-altitude flight. Accordingly, the green coverage ratio was calculated from the two aerial images, and as a result, it could be calculated with high accuracy from all green types. However, the green coverage ratio calculated from manned aerial images had limitations in complex environments. The unmanned aerial images used to compensate for this were able to calculate a high accuracy of green coverage ratio even in complex environments, and more precise green area detection was possible through additional band images. In the future, it is expected that the rust rate can be calculated effectively by using the newly acquired unmanned aerial imagery supplementary to the existing manned aerial imagery.