• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 1998

고추 연작지에서의 녹비작물의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 자운영을 포함한 5개 녹비작물을 동계간에 재배한 결과 자운영은 월동한 개체가 정연없이 동계간에 모두 동사하였으며, 나머지 4종류 녹비작물의 건물중은 호밀> 밀> 보리> 이탈리안 라이그라스의 순이었는데, 호밀의 경우 ha당 건물중이 4.1통이었다. 녹비작물 재배는 고추의 연작장해, 특히 고추 연작지에서 가장 문제가 되는 고추 역병(Phytophthora capsis)의 발생을 경감시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 果長과 果直徑이 증가하여 고품질의 고추생산이 가능하였다. 1년차로 퇴비만을 사용한 경우 고추의 생육과 수량은 화학비료를 사용한 구에 비하여 떨어지는 결과를 보였으나 퇴비 사용량이 증가할수록 그 차이가 줄어들었으며, 토양중의 유기물 함량이 높아져 퇴비의 지속적 肥效가 인정되었다. 고추영농의 경우 저투입지속농업(LISA)과 일반관행농업을 비교해 보면, 수익-비용 분석결과를 중심으로 한 주요 경제적요인과 기술적요인 양측 모두 뚜렷한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 LISA에 의한 고추영농을 발전시키려면 단순히 기술진보 뿐만 아니라 다양한 현실적 목표를 조화시킬 수 있는 LISA 고추영농에 필요한 다목표 의사결정모형을 개발할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng root rot disease, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani is a major cause of replant failure in continuous cropping ginseng. Methods and Results: To control replant injury in soil infected with C. destructans and F. solani, biosolarization was performed by covering the plot with transparent polyethylene film after adding green manure of maize and sunflower for the summer season. Per 10 a, fresh and dry weight of maize was 10.1 and 2.5 tons, respectively, and that of sunflower was 8.1 tons and 1.2 tons, respectively. Mean maximum temperature at 20 cm depth was $33.2^{\circ}C$, $41.5^{\circ}C$ and $41.8^{\circ}C$ in the control, maize-incorporated and sunflower-incorporated plots, respectively. The elapsed time over $40^{\circ}C$ was 36.4 h in the maize-incorporated plot and 77.3 h in the sunflower-incorporated plot. Biosolarization increased $NO_3$ content in soil, while content of organic matter, Ca, and Mg was decreased. Electrical conductivity, $NO_3$ and $P_2O_5$ in soil significantly increased after two years of biosolarization. The number of spores of C. destructans in soil was significantly decreased by biosolarization, and sunflower treatment was more effective than maize treatment in decreasing the number of spores. Root yield of 3-year-old ginseng was significantly increased by biosolarization, however, there was no significant difference between maize and sunflower treatments. Rate of root rot in 3-year-old ginseng decreased to 16.5% with the incorporation maize and 5.0% with the incorporation of sunflower, while that in control 25.6%. Conclusions: Biosolarization was effective in inhibiting ginseng root rot by decreasing the density of root rot disease and improving soil chemical properties.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1239-1248
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• 2020

This study performed to conduct a test to increase the amount of appropriate organic matter input to organic upland soil, soil fertility, and its effect on the chemical changes and yield of corn in soil due to organic use. The pH level of the T1, T5, and T6 treatment zones where livestock excreta was used was raised to 6.0-6.5, the optimal range of the soil in Korea, and it was confirmed that the pH value was appropriate. Electrical Conductivity (EC), organic content (OM), and total nitrogen (T-N) were also identified as a trend of continuous increase. The quantity of corn gradually increased from 74.1% to 96.4% over the four-year period with the use of organic materials compared to the beginning of the test, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen has also increased. The results of the study were found to have been able to examine the increase in quantity and changes in soil chemistry through crop cultivation using organic materials such as natural materials, green manure crops, and livestock manure compost, and it is also believed that the changes due to various factors such as soil environment, soil microbes, and climate conditions need to be made through continuous research.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.101-101
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• 2010

Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method for treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as organic fraction of municipal solid waste, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to produce renewable energy and to reduce $CO_2$ and other green-house gas(GHG) emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. Currently some 80% of the world's overall energy supply of about 400 EJ per year in derived from fossil fuels. Nevertheless roughly 10~15% of this demand is covered by biomass resources, making biomass by far the most important renewable energy source used to date. The representative biofuels produced from the biomass are bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas, and currently biogas plays a smaller than other biofuels but steadily growing role. Traditionally anaerobic digestion applied for different biowaste e.g. sewage sludge, manure, other organic wastes treatment and stabilization, biogas has become a well established energy resource. However, the biowaste are fairly limited in respect to the production and utilization as renewable source, but the plant biomass, the so called "energy crops" are used for more biogas production in EU countries and the investigation on the biomethane potential of different crops and plant materials have been carried out. In Korea, with steadily increasing oil prices and improved environmental regulations, since 2005 anaerobic digestion was again stimulated, especially on the biogasification of different biowastes and agro-industrial biomass including "energy crops". This study have been carried out to investigate anaerobic biodegradability by the biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of animal manures, different forage crops i.e. "energy crops", plant and industrial organic wastes in the condition of thermophilic temperature, The biodegradability of animal manure were 63.2% and 58.2% with $315m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of cattle slurry and $370m^3CH_4/tonVS$ of pig slurry in ultimate methane yields. Those of winter forage crops were the range 75% to 87% with ultimate methane yield of $378m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $450m^3CH_4/tonVS$ and those of summer forage crops were the range 81% to 85% with ultimate methane yield of $392m^3CH_4/tonVS$ to $415m^3CH_4/tonVS$. The forge crops as "energy crops" could be used as good renewable energy source to increase methane production and to improve biodegradability in co-digestion with animal manure or only energy crop digestion.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, micro- and macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.503-519
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• 2014

녹비작물로서 녹비보리와 헤어리베치를 환원하고, 토양개량제로서 charcoal을 시용하여 생강연작 재배지에서 생강을 재배한 결과, 토양 pH가 시험 전 6.9~8.1에서 수확 후 6.8~7.6로 감소하였으며, 전기전도도(electrical conductivity, EC)는 한 시험 전 $0.45{\sim}1.25dSm^{-1}$에서 수확 후 $0.30{\sim}0.61dSm^{-1}$로 감소하였다. 토양유기물(soil organic matter, SOM) 함량과 토양 중 총질소(total-nitrogen, T-N) 함량은 증가하였다. 유효인산 함량과 치환성 K, Ca, Mg 함량은 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, 토양 pH를 중성화시키고, EC 경감, SOM과 T-N 함량의 증가는 토양 화학성 변화에 있어 긍정적으로 평가할 수 있다. 생강양분의 함량적 차이를 정상근과 이병근의 함량 차이, 토양의 점토함량 별 양분 함량 차이로 조사한 결과, 유의성이 있는 결과를 얻었으며, 처리구별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 망간(manganese, Mn)의 경우, 이병근의 지하부에서 3~4배 정도 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 망간(Mn)은 식물 뿌리에 대한 독성 작용으로 뿌리를 갈변시키고 균열을 일으키는 것으로 보고된바, 뿌리썩음병의 발생으로 Mn이 작용하여 이병근의 Mn 함량이 높은 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 뿌리썩음병과 Mn의 상관관계를 밝히는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 생강 수확 후 생강 생육 상태와 생산량을 조사한 결과, 녹비보리, 헤어리베치, 녹비보리+charcoal, 헤어리베치+charcoal을 처리한 시험구(Plot 2, Plot 3, Plot 4, Plot 5)에서 생강의 생육상태가 양호하고 생산량이 높아 병발생률이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 특히, Plot 4(헤어리베치+charcoal)-LCC에서는 100%의 생산량을 보였다. 녹비작물과 charcoal의 처리가 생강생육과 생산에 있어 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 그리고, 상대적으로 점토함량이 낮은 처리구가 점토함량이 높은 처리구보다 생육 상태와 생산량에서 우세하였는데, 모래와 점토 함량 차이에 따른 배수와 토양의 수분보유력이 생강생육에 큰 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.39-41
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• 1974

Bastard indigo, prevailing shrub species planted in erosion control work to constitute vegetation, is proved to be usefull for pulp material other than existing usage of green manure or fuel. Pulp made from bastard indigo is good enough for filler pulp though the quality of it is not remarkably excellent. (1) Sorts of paper possible to make from this pulp. Packing paper of medium grade. (general packing paper except heavy packing) (2) Traits of this pulp as for pulp material (A) It is more preferable than annual plants in these respects, ego collection, transport and storage of pulp material, and yield, freeness and chemical consumption of pulp. (B) Annual probable production of pulp material per ha from this plant is higher than that from long-term tree species or similar to that from fast growing species. (C) Its cultivation on eroded area is welcomed and consecutive annual production of material by copice method is also proved possible.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2000

This paper aims to point out the problems and solutions of soil fertility enhancement in Korean organic farming which does not harmonize with internationally recognized standard of organic agriculture such as Basic Standard of IFOAM, EU regulations, and guidelines of FAO/WHO codex alimentarius. The necessity of rotation, legume, green manure to enhance the soil fertility or organic farming system was discussed, and the reasons why salt accumulation including nitrate and phosphate in the rooted soil profiles was frequently occurred in Korean organic farmer's field also discussed. Soil testing for correct handling of organic fertilization was introduced to void the salt accumulation just applying the huge amount of organic fertilizer year to year to reach a maximum crop yield. In the conclusion it was suggested for Korean organic agriculture to make an effort to coincide it's regulation with internationally recognized standards for organic farming.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2009

A field experiment to evaluate the effect of application of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of leaf was studied during 2004-05 has showed that, the application of 10 kg each of Azospirillum brasilense and Aspergillus awamori+20% each of recommended N through compost+green manure (Glyricidia maculata)+castor cake+vermicompost+Urea and remaining P and K through fertilizers ($T_{11}$) has recorded significantly higher leaf yield (250 g/ plant and 34.70 tonnes/ha/yr, respectively) with improvement in growth characters as compared to control. Leaf quality status was also improved in terms of N (3.19%), P (1.97%), K (1.28%), total soluble protein (8.39 mg/ml), total soluble sugars (14.40 mg/ml), secondary nutrients viz., Ca (3.00%), Mg (0.60%), S (0.35%) and micronutrients viz., Cu (0.410 ppm), Mn (0.454 ppm) and Zn (0.112 ppm) contents. The mulberry grown with 20 tonnes of compost+300:120:120 Kg of NPK/ha/year through fertilizer ranked second for growth and foliar constituents.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.744-748
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• 2012

본 연구는 새만금간척지에서 동계 녹비작물 헤어리베치를 재배하여 토양에 환원 후 관행시비 (NPK), 녹비혼입구는 질소 추비기준량 ($100kg\;ha^{-1}$) 대비 30 50 70 100% 감비, 질소무시비로 처리하여 사료용 수수$\times$수단그라스 (G7) 재배시 토양이화학성, 토양염농도, 생육 및 수량성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 공시토양은 유기물, 유효인산 함량이 매우 적고 치환성마그네슘 나트륨 함량이 많은 강알칼리성 염류토양 이었다. 헤어리베치 혼입시 생체중 $18,345kg\;ha^{-1}$, T-N 3.09% 및 탄질률 12.8를 나타냈다. 동계 하계작물 재배기간 동안 토양염농도는 0.1%이하로 염피해는 없었다. 수수${\times}$수단그라스 생초수량 및 건물수량은 N30%감비 > 관행시비 > N50%감비 > N70%감비 > N100%감비 > N무시비 순으로 높았다. 생초 및 건물수량성은 관행시비 ($55,050kg\;ha^{-1}$, $16,250kg\;ha^{-1}$) 대비 N30% 감비에서 7%, 9% 증수되었다. 시험 후 용적밀도가 낮아지고 공극률이 증대되었다. 또한 pH가 낮아졌고, 유기물, 유효인산 및 치환성칼슘 함량은 증가하였으며 치환성칼륨 나트륨 함량은 감소하였다. 따라서 새만금 간척지에서 수수${\times}$수단그라스 재배시 녹비직물헤어리베치 토양환원으로 질소비료 질감 및 토양환경 개선효과를 기대할 수 있었다.