• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2014

The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HKHA) develops and implements a public housing programme to meet the housing needs of people who cannot afford private rental housing. The HKHA has an existing stock of about 740,000 public rental flats (PRH). According to the 2014 Policy Address, the Government aims to provide an average of about 20,000 PRH units and about 8,000 Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) units per year. We care for the environment. In developing new housing estates, we conduct thorough environmental studies such as microclimate studies and air ventilation assessment, and use passive design to harness the natural characteristics of our sites. We employ environment-friendly design and construction methods, using modular flat design, pre-cast and pre-fabricated construction techniques as well as recycled, green construction materials. We conduct Carbon Emission Estimation for all our projects, conserve the use of natural resources and reduce wastes throughout the life cycle of buildings. We care for people. We adopt the principles of Universal Design and Barrier Free Access for the convenience and welfare of people of all ages and abilities. We carry out Community Engagement to collect stakeholders' views and aspirations, and incorporate them in the design of our projects. We also carry out surveys of residents' views after the occupation of new estates to gauge our success and identify areas for improvement.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2003

To study the effect of aggregates on the microstructure of sintered bodies, Mn-Zn ferrite powders were prepared by an alcoholic dehydration method. Aggregate powders and reground powders were used as seeds and matrices, respectively. The mixing ratios for the aggregate and reground powders were varied with the sintering temperatures. Green densities were measured with changes in forming pressure and they were related to the microstructures of the sintered bodies. The aggregates proved to be capable of acting as seeds for abnormal grain growth. When the green density difference between the aggregate and the matrix was large, the aggregate could become the seed of abnormal grain growth. As the forming pressure increased, the more aggregates became seeds of abnormal grain growth.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제43권9호
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2006

A full-factorial design of experiments with three input factors and two levels for each factor including center points was utilized for the preparation and characterization of twelve types of $BaTiO_3$ slips for tape casting. Ceramic powders with different particle sizes, different milling methods such as high energy milling and conventional ball milling, and two types of dispersant with different polymeric species were chosen as input factors in order to investigate their effects on slip and on green tape properties. Tape casting, a small rectangular-shaped K-square preparation, characterization and quantitative data analysis using statistical software were followed. Ceramic powder was the most significant among three input factors for the output responses of slip viscosity and green tape density, showing more favorable results with large particles than with very fine ones. In addition, high energy milling for only 30 min was more efficient than 24h of conventional ball milling in terms of powder dispersion and milling. The optimum condition based on the experimental results was a slip exposed to high energy milling with large ceramic particles along with a methylethyl acetate dispersant.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.554-561
• /
• 2021

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a cyanine dye that has been used in medical diagnostics based on fluorescence imaging, and in medical therapy based on the photothermal effect. It is important to systematically understand the photothermal effect and fluorescence characteristics of ICG simultaneously. By varying a number of conditions such as laser power density, laser irradiation wavelength, concentration of ICG solution, and exposure time of laser irradiation, the intensity properties of fluorescence and the temperature change induced by the photothermal effect are measured simultaneously using a charge-coupled-device camera and a thermal-imaging camera. The optimal conditions for maximizing the photothermal effect are determined, while maintaining a relatively long lifetime and high efficiency of the fluorescence for fluorescence imaging. When the concentration of ICG is approximately 50 ㎍/ml and the laser power density exceeds 1.5 W/cm², the fluorescence lifetime is the longest and the temperature induced by the photothermal effect rapidly increases, exceeding the critical temperature sufficient to damage human cells and tissues. The findings provide useful insight into the realization of effective photothermal therapy, while also specifying the site to be treated and enabling real-time treatment monitoring.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.575-580
• /
• 2023

An electrode was prepared by dip-coating NiFe₂O₄ powder on stainless steel (SUS) support for the application in the alkaline water electrolysis. The prepared electrode was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and was evaluated for the voltage properties with the change of current density in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrgen evolution reaction (HER) using 1, 3 and 7 M KOH solution. From the SEM and EDXS analysis, it was confirmed that the prepared electrode had NiFe₂O₄ on the SUS support. In OER and HER, the voltage in the 7 M KOH solution had a value of 1.35 and -1.90 V at 0.2 and -0.2 A/cm² of the current density, respectively. It was considered that the prepared electrode could be use as an electrode in the alkaline water electrolysis from the experimental results.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2006

시설재배 꽈리고추, 피망에 발생하는 꽃노랑총채벌레와 오이에 발생하는 오이총채벌레의 생물적 방제를 위하여 작물별로 천적인 으뜸애꽃노린재(Orius strigicollis) 방사구, 오이이리응애(Amblyseius cucumeris) 방사구, 무방사구를 두어 총채벌레 밀도억제 효과를 조사하였다. 으뜸애꽃노린재에 의한 총채벌레의 밀도억제효과 산출 식은 (무처리구 밀도-처리구 밀도)/무처리구 밀도 ${\times}$ 100으로 하여 조사시기별로 각각 구한 결과, 꽈리고추에서 으뜸애꽃노린재 방사구는 최하 14.3%에서 최고 99.5%, 오이이리응애 처리구는 $12.9{\sim}38.3%$였고, 피망에서 으뜸애꽃노린재 처리구는 $21.6{\sim}98.3%$, 오이이리응애 처리구는 $17.1{\sim}87.0%$였다. 오이에서 으뜸애꽃노린재 처리구는 $61.2{\sim}74.4%$, 오이이리응애 처리구는 $90.4{\sim}97.4%$를 보였다. 따라서 봄 작기 꽈리고추와 피망에 발생하는 꽃노랑총채벌레는 발생 초기 으뜸애꽃노린재를 주당 $5{\sim}6$마리를 $3{\sim}6$회로 나누어 방사하고, 가을 작기 오이에 발생하는 오이총채별레는 발생초기 오이이리응애를 주당 100마리씩 4회 정도 방사하면 효과적임.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2003

The dynamics of fluid flow through nanomachines is completely different from that of continuum. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the flow of helium, neon, argon inside carbon(graphite) nanotubes of several sizes. The fluid was introduced into the nanotube at a given initial velocity according to given temperature. Diffusion coefficients were evaluated by Green-Kubo equation derived from Einstein relationship. The behaviour of the fluid was strongly dependent on the density of fluid and tube diameter, not on the tube length. It was found that the diffusion Coefficients increased With decreasing the density of molecules and increasing the diameter and temperature.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 1993

Hot pressing after cold cyclic compaction of Al2O3 powder mixtures containing SiC whiskers or Al2O3 short fibers is studied with emphasis on the effects of cold cyclic compaction. The green density of the mixtures increases as the cycle number increases and the cyclic pressure becomes higher. The higher green density is also obtained by cold cyclic compaction with the lower pressrue than a single stroke cold compaction. To achieve a higher densification during hot pressing, cold cyclic compaction before hot pressing is more efficient compared to the conventional hot pressing process (without cold cyclic compaction). Moreover, a low cyclic pressure did not affect on toughening mechanism by whisker reinforcement.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.437-443
• /
• 1988

무한히 긴 도체 스트립 위에 TM파가 입사될 때, 스트립의 전류 분포를 계산한다. 스트립의 경계조건식을 공간영역의 함수로 표시하면 convolution 적분을 포함하는 복잡한 식으로 나타난다. 그러나 그들을 주파수 영역으로 변환하면 전류 및도 함수와 Green함수의 곱으로 간단히 표시된다. 반복 계산 결과는 본 연구에서 제시한 반복 끝내기 조건을 만족할 때에 가장 좋은 결과를 보이고 있다. 반복과정의 수렴 속도를 Kastner의 방법을 이용하여 증가시켰다. 스트립에 유도되는 전류 분포는 스트립 폭에 따라 크게 변화하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2003

In order to manufacture ceramic capacitors for the industrial electronic parts application using Tape casting method, the dielectric properties as a functions of sintering temperatures and the fabrication conditions of green sheet were investigated to consider the possibility of applications. When the mixing ratio of powder and solvent in slurry was 65:35, the uniform and dense green sheets was obtained. The dielectric constant was increased as the sintering temperature Over 94% of relative density and high were obtained to the specimens sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$. We can find that the device sintered at higher temperature than $1000^{\circ}C$ showed the relative density over 94% and the dielectric constant over 2000.