• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2001

In this study, we observed air temperature to make clear that land coverage condition and forest form has a certain relationship to air temperature in a day in various green space. And with revolution analysis, interpreted relationship of air temperature distribution in the green space, of land coverage rate and air temperature, of volume of tree and temperature. With this experimental result, propose green plan, taking into consideration lower effect of air temperature. In this result lower zone is formed in forest and water area, higher zone is done in paved surface and barren ground. And arbor＋subarbor area, water area sur-rounded forest and small river is formed relative lower air temperature. In my opinion to promote efficiency lower air temperature area, it is need to make water area surrounded forest, to make forest form lower air temperature 2∼3 layer forest. Lower air temperature effect is in order of arbor, subarbor, shrub and is proportioned increasing of tree.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 2013

Buffer green space in the residential area is a mechanism for improving the residential environment and also significant for residential life satisfaction and its various social roles. Accordingly, this study aimed to discover the effect of the buffer green space, which was established to minimize environmental influences of the residential environment, on residential life satisfaction. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on residents in Myeongji Residential Area where the buffer green space was installed, to examine the factors of the buffer green space and to analyze its causal relation with residential life satisfaction. The SPSS(statistical package for social science) 21 program was used for analysis and factorial analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were executed. As a result, the roles of the buffer green space in Myeong-ji Residential Area included residential comfort, disaster protection, green space usability and environmental ecological property. In the overall accrued factorial contribution rate, residential comfort was very high with 40.54% out of total 62.48%. In addition, the residential comfort and green area usability had a higher correlation with residential life satisfaction. However, the significant level of disaster protection and environmental ecological property were 0.725 and 0.898, respectively, which were not significant as a preference factor in multiple regression analysis. Accordingly, the buffer green space for improving residential comfort and green space usability was confirmed to enhance residential life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

In this study, we observed air temperature to make clear that land coverage condition and stand form has a certain relationship to air temperature during the night in various green space. And with revolution analysis, we interpreted relationship of air temperature distribution in the green space, The way of analysis is this land coverage rate and air temperature, of number of tree volume of tree air temperature. With this experimental result, we can propose green plan, which is taking into consideration lower effect of air temperature. In this result, lower zone is formed in forest and water area, higher zone is formed in paved surface and barren ground. but this gap is a little. arbor+subarbor area, in the point of water area surrounded stand is formed relative lower air temperature. As a result to make up efficiency lower air temperature area, it is needed to make water area which has surrounded forest, and it is needed to make stand form lower air temperature 2~3 layer forest. In order of arbor, subarbor, shrub, the lower air temperature is more effect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze the planting structure and ecological characteristics of greon spaces on the grounds of e Dangjin steam power plant. To achieve these goals, we surveyed existing vegetation, plant community structure, Plant volume and growth rate. Based on e vegetation analysis, existing vegetation was classified into six types: herbaceous species $(70.54\%)$, evergreen coniferous trees $(21.17\%)$, deciduous broad-leaved trees $(5.10\%)$, deciduous coniferous trees $(1.47\%)$, shrubs $(0.12\%)$, and other types $(1.59\%)$. The coal storage, office, and playground areas were community is the natural forest area where a Pinus thunbergii / Pinus densiflora community is distributed in terms of vegetation structure, species diversity, plant volume, and growth rate. The artificial green spaces(near the coal storage, office, playground areas) had a single-layer structure. Species diversity indices of the artificial green areas were $0.1655\~0.4807$ compared to 0.8628 in the natural forest, which presented a good growth environment. Also, the plant volume in the artificial green space was lower than that of the natural green space. Therefore, it would be desirable to develope a multi-layer structure similar to that of the vegetation in the natural green space in order to improve the amount of plant volume. The plant-damage ratio of Pinus thunbergii was $52.48\%$ in the coal storage area, and $8.48\~ 11.52\%$, in the other survey areas. Also, the vitality of Pinus thunbergii was $15.45k{\Omega}$ in the coal storage areas, which indicates bad growing conditions. This suggests that soil characteristics and dust have a bad impact on growth. The investigation into deciduous tres' growth status showed that appropriate plants would be Albizzia julibrissin, Acer palmatum var. sanguineum, Acer palmatum, Malus spp., Prunus sargentii.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2003

For this study grasp coverage condition and forest stratification to various green space, observed air temperature and relative humidity. With this data, coverage condition and air temperature, relative humidity distribution, analyzed relationship of forest rate and air temperature or relative humidity, tree numbers and green volume and humidity by revolution analysis. In this result, higher none is formed artificiality and barren area, lower zone did fores and water area. Relative humidity have corresponding type of air temperature distribution. lower Tone was higher humidity. Different of Idlest type or water area, surround of forest showed relatively higher humidity. Increasing tree numbers or green volume effect higher humidity and this efficiency order of an arbor, subarbor, shrub.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

This study compared the effect of green light consequent on maximum brightness 85 lx and intial brightness 15 lx, and its accompanying psychological, physiological response. 1) As a result of psychology(general stress evaluation, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision) evaluation, all stress evaluation items mostly showed a decrease, and they are comparatively positively evaluated in minimum brightness 15 lx comparing to maximum brightness 85 lx. 2) Physiological (Heart Rate Variability) evaluation result was included in stable range in all cardiovascular system variables after light stimulus in time of comparison with the standard range; in addition, the Heart Rate Variability evaluation result was found to be stable in all cardiovascular system variables except Low Frequency in minimum brightness 15 lx comparing to maximum brightness 85 lx. 3) Green light was found not to appear as a stimulating factor in the human body in time of space projection, being found to be effective in stability of mind and body, and reduction in stress. Thus, it was found that green light functioned as an emotional, relaxing tranquilizer by working on the sympathetic nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.61-75
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• 2018

This study aims to verify the effect of green buffers, built as urban planning facilities on the reduction of ultra-fine particulate($PM_{2.5}$) and analyze changes in ultra-fine particles by structure, green volume and planting types of wayside green buffers, thus drawing the factors that can be used when green buffers are built to reduce ultra-fine particulate based on the results. This study selected Songpa-gu, and investigated 16 sites on 5 green buffers adjacent to two of Songpa-gu's main roads, 'Yangjaedaero' and 'Songpadaero'. This study divided all the green spaces into three different types-slope type, plain type and mounding type, and analyzed the mean green volume. As a result of measuring the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$, this study found that it was $55.5{\mu}g/m^3$ on average in winter, which was a harmful level according to the integrated environmental index provided by Seoul City, saying that levels above $50{\mu}g/m^3$ may have a harmful effect on sensitive groups of people. Particularly, the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $38.6{\mu}g/m^3$ on average in spring, which exceeded the mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul City in 2015. The mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ in every investigation spot were $46.6{\mu}g/m^3$ for sidewalks, $45.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for green spaces and $42.9{\mu}g/m^3$ for residential areas, all of which were lower than $53.2{\mu}g/m^3$ for roads, regardless of the season. The concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ for residential areas was the lowest. In the stage of confirming the effect of green buffers, this study analyzed the correlation between the green volume of vegetation and the fluctuated rate of ultra-fine particles. As a result, it was found that the green coverage rate of trees and shrubs was related to the crown volume in every investigation spot but were mutually and complexly affected by each other. Therefore, this study judged that the greater the number of layers of shrubs that are made, the more effective it is in reducing the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. As for seasonal characteristics, this study analyzed the correlation between the concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ for residential areas in winter and the green coverage rate of each green space type. As a result, this study found that there was a negative correlation showing that the higher the shrub green coverage rate is, the lower the concentration value becomes in all the slope-type, plain-type and mounding-type green spaces. This study confirmed that the number of tree rows and the number of shrub layers have negative correlations with the fluctuated concentration rate of $PM_{2.5}$. Especially, it was judged that the shrub green volume has greater effect than any other factor, and each green space type shows a negative correlation with the shrub coverage rate in winter.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2024

Manufacturing workers face increased fatigue and stress due to environmental factors in workplace such as noise and vibration. Addressing this issue requires creating conducive rest spaces; however, the existing conditions of rest spaces in manufacturing workplace are subpar and lack sufficient scholarly evidence. This study investigated the effect of nature-based rest spaces on the physical and emotional recovery from fatigue on manufacturing workers. Three manufacturing complexes with nature-friendly rest spaces were selected, and 63 manufacturing workers participated in the study. The measurement tools included the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) for fatigue levels, physiological indicators (blood pressure and heart rate), and emotional indicators (Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reaction Scale; ZIPERS, Perceived Restorativeness Scale; PRS, Profile of Mood States; POMS and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI). The study compared recovery levels during a 7-minute rest between a space without plants and a space with natural elements. The results indicated a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of participants in green rest spaces compared with those in conventional rest spaces. Regarding fatigue levels, green rest spaces showed a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the middle-fatigue and high-fatigue groups. Positive feelings increased in green spaces, whereas negative emotions decreased, suggesting that short breaks in nature-friendly environments effectively promote workers' physical and emotional recovery. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of green space in various work environments to promote well-being in workers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.32-41
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to assess naturalness of each and use type for Daegu and provide the basic data for urban green space planning. The results are as follows: 1) As a result of periodic analysis, It is known that in the 1400´s that the rate of a-/oligo-/meso-hemeroby was over 90% of that area, in which naturalness was very high. By the 2020´s, the population will increase to about 3,500,000 and the occupation rae of meat-and poly-hemeroby, where naturalness is very low, is expected to increase rapidly. 2) The recent land uses of Daegu are divided ito 17 types. In the survey of a occupation rate of each land use type, a forest are occupies 48.8% of the entire area. The military installation zone is lowest with 0.07%. 3) Investigation of a dominant hemeroby grade in each land use type showed that the urban complex area in characterized by meta-hemeroby : and the space for pavement and building construction where naturalness is lowest. On the other hand, oligo-hemeroby that is worth being preserved was surveyed to be dominant in woodlands and natural forests. 4) In the analysis of hemeroby mapping in the process of a green space planning, it is clear that hemeroby will be used a s a tool that assesses the suitability for recreation activity of each sample case. For example, it enables a poly-hemeroby region to be utilized as a near-natural recreation area including $\beta$-and $\alpha$-euhemeroby region in Daegu. Besides, hemeroby can provide basic data to make a value judgement of each sample case with a view to preservation of nature.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

An apartment complex is a building use with great potential to contribute to solving problems related to urban ecological environment and climate change. The first goal of this study is to grasp the current situation of application and limitations of the ecological area rate, which is a representative evaluation index used to evaluate the environmental performance of the external space of an apartment complex in Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED). The second goal is to propose a prototype of the evaluation index for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction performance in order to supplement the evaluation index for the environmental performance of the external space in terms of response to climate change. We analyzed 43 cases of apartment complexes certified according to G-SEED, which was enforced since July 1, 2010, and found application characteristics of each space type and the limitations of ecological area rate. We analyzed overseas green building certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM that derived implications for supplementing the limitations of ecological area rate, which is focused on the evaluation of soil and water circulation function, and set up a development direction of complementary measures. Through analysis of previous studies, relevant regulations and standards, and technical documents of the manufacturer, the heat island mitigation performance of the pavement and roof surfaces of the apartment complex and the carbon uptake performance of the trees in the apartment complex was selected as parameters to yield the GHG reduction performance of the external space of the apartment complex. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for each parameter and a prototype of the evaluation index for the GHG reduction performance were proposed. As a result of applying the prototype to an apartment complex case, the possibility of adoption and applicability as an evaluation index of G-SEED were proved.