• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.484-489
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• 2010

작부체계내로의 녹비작물의 도입은 토양의 건전성 향상으로 농업생산성의 지속성 유지에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 벼 재배를 위해 호밀 같은 화본과 녹비작물이 다량으로 투입 될 경우 환원장해 등의 부작용이 발생한다. 본시험은 녹비작물 헤어리베치와 호밀의 혼파를 이용하여 벼 재배 시 왕겨숯의 처리 효과를 구명하고 수행하였다. 시험장소는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 답작시험 포장이었고 시험토양은 식양질인 신흥통이었다. 시험기간은 2007년 10월 녹비파종에서 벼 수확기인 2008년 10월까지였다. 시험처리는 왕겨숯 처리, 무처리 및 관행시비구를 두었고 왕겨숯 처리구는 혼파 녹비작물의 지상부제거와 전체 식물체의 투입구로 구분하였다. 이앙 후 8일과 37일의 산화환원전위는 왕겨숯 무처리에 비하여 처리한 구에서 증가하였다. 이앙 후 17일과 49일의 토양 암모니아태 질소의 함량은 전식물체 투입구의 왕겨숯 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 벼의 주요 생육특성인 초장과 경수도 토양의 산화환원전위와 암모니태질소 함량 영향으로 이앙 후 48일에 전식물체 투입한 왕겨숯 처리구에서 가장 양호하였다. 쌀 수량은 전식물체 투입구의 왕겨숯 처리 (5,290 kg $ha^{-1}$)와 무처리 (5,140 kg $ha^{-1}$)간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러나 벼 재배 후 왕겨숯 처리구에서 토양물리성인 공극률과 용적밀도가 개선되었다. 따라서 왕겨숯 처리는 쌀 수량의 유의적 증가에 기여하지는 못하였지만 벼 생육기간 및 벼 수확 후 토양 이화학성의 개선효과가 있어 토양개량제로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2015

자원순환 및 친환경 농업을 실천하는 농가가 증가함에 따라 유기물을 활용한 농경지 양분관리에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 질소 공급원으로 유기물을 시용했을 때 질소 공급효과에 대한 연구들을 정리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 농경지에 유기물을 시용했을 때 질소의 공급은 질소 순환에서 무기화 과정을 통해 이루어지기 때문에 작물의 단기적인 질소 이용률은 무기질 비료에 비해 낮다. 유기물의 질소 공급량은 유기물의 C/N율이 낮을수록 무기화율이 높아지므로 C/N율을 고려한 유기물 시용이 중요하다. 가축분 퇴비의 경우 축종별 분뇨 질소함량과 퇴비와 혼합된 부산물 종류에 따라 질소 무기화율이 달라질 수 있으며, 녹비는 작물 종류와 환원시기, 토양 양분조건 등에 따라 C/N율이 달라진다. 또한 적정량의 질소를 추천하기 위해서는 토양 중 유기태 질소로부터 가용화 될 수 있는 질소의 양을 측정하여야 한다. 지금까지 보고된 퇴비, 녹비에 대한 질소공급과 작물 생산성에 대한 연구결과는 재배 여건과 작물 종류 등에 따라 다르게 나타나 질소 공급을 위한 유기물 추천 모델을 구성하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 유기물 추천 모델을 구성하기 위해서는 우선적으로 유기물질 종류별 질소 공급량에 대한 기초 데이터가 구축되어야 하며, 토양의 질소공급량을 평가할 수 있는 분석 방법의 구축이 필요하다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Two Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV), occurred in Korea in 463 ha in 1998, 33.9 ha in 1999, and 44.2 ha in 2000. CGMMV was detected in watermelon, cucumber, oriental melon, and melon, whereas ZGMMV was mainly detected in zucchini squash. Thirty-six CGMMV isolates wee classified into three types by analysis of single strand cDNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP) of the coat protein gene. In a comparison of serological relationships among CGMMV, ZGMMV, and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), the three tobamoviruses specifically reacted with each homologous antibody in the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid imunofilter paper assay (RIPA), although ZGMMV and KGMMV were slightly biologcially similar. In a survey of the three tobamoviruses in cucurbitgrowing field in Korea by RIPA, CGMMV and ZGMMV were detected but KGMMV was not found in commercially growing cucurbit crops so far. Seed contamination ratio of CGMMV in bottle gourd seeds tested was 84%, while seed trasmission ratio from the virus-contaminated seeds was 2.0%. Soil transmission ratio was 0-3.5% in fields naturally infested with CGMMV or ZGMMV. Control measures of the virus diseases are roguing and sanitation. These suggest that it is important to rogue the first infected crops, which include the seed and soil, especially early in the season. This may be practicable to control the diseases because CGMMV and ZGMMV have a narrow host range restricted to cucurbitaceous crops.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1983

침투능을 계산하기 위한 공식으로서 Green-Ampt 공식은 식의 간편성과 정확성으로 인하여 많은 연구의 대상이 되어왔다. 그러나 이 공식의 변수인 습윤전선(Wetting Front)에서의 모세관 압력수두항은 연구자에 따라 해석이 많이 다르다. 침투능해석을 위하여 2개 유체의 흐름방정식의 해는 Green-Ampt 공식과 같은 형태를 가지므로서 Green-Ampt 공식의 모세관 압력 수두항을 결정할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 2개 유체 해석에 의한 침투능 산정공식의 유도는 1개층으로만 구성되어 있는 경우에 이루어 졌으나 특성이 각각 다른 여러 층의 흙으로 구성 되어 있는 경우에는 아직 이루어진 바 없다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 2개 유체의 흐름 해석에 의하여 여러층의 흙인 경우 침투능 산정공식을 유도하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is a prominent in-situ remedial option for cleanup of contaminated groundwater and has been gaining increasing popularity in recent years. Funnel-and-gate systems, comprised of two side wings of impermeable walls and a central gate wall, are frequently implemented in many sites, but often suffers from bypassing of groundwater due to the progressive clogging of the gate wall over extended period of time. This study investigated technical feasibility of a hybrid funnel-and-gate system designed to address the flow deterioration in the gate wall. The key attribute of the proposed hybrid system is the operation of drainage units at the barrier walls and rear end of the gate wall. A conceptual modeling with MODFLOW indicated the groundwater inside the barrier was maintained at appropriate level to be guided toward the gate wall, yielding constant discharging of groundwater from the gate.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2003

This study was carried out to research and develop a shallow green rooftop system which would require low maintenance and therefore could be used for existing rooftops. To achieve these goals, the conceptual model was induced by past studies and the experimental systems were deduced from the conceptual model. On the growth of Sedum sarmentosum grown in these rooftop systems, the effects of artificial substrate type, soil depth, and drainage type were investigated from 3 April to 11 October 2002. Artificial substrates were an alone type and a blending type. The alone type was an artificial substrate formulated by blending crushed porous glass with bark(v/v, 6:4). The blending type was formulated by blending the alone type with loam(v/v, 1:1). Soil depths were 5cm, loom, and 15cm. Drainage types were a reservoir-drainage type and a drainage type. The reservoir-drainage type could keep water and drain excessive water at the same time. The drainage type could drain excessive water but could not keep water. Covering area, total fresh and dry weight, visual quality, and water content per 1g dry matter were measured. All the variables were analyzed by correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The growth increment was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in loom soil depth and higher in the reservoir-drainage type than in the drainage type. The growth quality was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in l0cm soil depth, and higher in the drainage type than in the reservoir-drainage type. In consideration of the permissible load on the existing rooftops and the effects of the treatments on the growth increment and quality, the system should adopt the blending type in artificial substrate types, 5~10cm in soil depths, and the drainage type in drainage types. This system will be well-suited to the growth of Sedum sarmentosum, and when the artificial substrate was in field capacity, the weight will be 75~115kg/$m^2$.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.725-732
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• 1994

To provide a basis for setting up an environmental pollution policy of Pusan, an investigation of metal contents in the soil of Pusan was carried out from May, 1993 to April, 1994. Soil was sampled from 10 sites of industrial area,8 sites of commercial area, 8 sites of residential area, 8 sites of green area and 8 sites of agricultural area. The industrial area was the most heavily polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.580, 19.377, 67.348, 59.638, 58.555 and 1.006 ppm, respectively. In the soil of commercial area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.453, 19.110, 63.384, 56.006, 37.466 and 0.578 ppm, respectively, and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.289, 10.312, 55.246, 55.536, 17.695 and 0.610 ppm, respectively, in the soil of residential area. The green area was the least polluted and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.215, 5.949, 19.366, 37.244, 6.856 and 0.295 ppm, respectively. In the soil of agricultural area, the average contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and As were 0.160, 7.077, 25.365, 51.485, 10.607 and 0.499 ppm, respectively The fact that the Cd content of agricultural area was lower than that of green area is remarkable.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

To develop a natural re-seeding technology, the optimum soil incorporation time of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) plant residues, seed persistence in soil, biomass production and subsequent rice yield were determined from 2005 to 2007 in rice with CMV green manure in southern Korea. Generally, insufficient seedling stand was regenerated with CMV incorporation to the soil at 20 and 25 days after flowering(DAF), while high regeneration of greater than 400 seedlings per $m^2$ was observed at 35 and 40 DAF. High re-seeding stand of CMV incorporated at 35 DAF or later was related with high seed viability and heavy seed weight. Appreciable number of CMV seeds remained 4 month after burial in soil and a good number of CMV seedlings regenerated from this seed bank at rice harvest time in the fall. Based on the relationships among re-seeding number of CMV plants, seed weight and seed viability, CMV plants should be incorporated into the soil 35 DAF(May 30) or later when CMV seeds were sufficiently matured. The natural re-seeding stand for the 3-year trials was stable ranging from 437 to 700 plants per $m^2$ and the biomass production was sufficient to supply nitrogen for rice growth. The use of re-seeding CMV plant can produce similar rice yield like that of rice without CMV green manure.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various inorganic and organic materials to improve physical properties of soil. Saline sodic soil (saturation percentage = 40.36%, $EC_e=5.15dS\;m^{-1}$, $pH_s=8.70$, $SAR=18.84(m\;mol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, bulk density =$1.49Mg\;m^{-3}$) was collected, brought to wire house and filled in pots after laboratory analysis for various parameters. Different sources of organic nutrients like farm manure (FM), press mud, compost, poultry manure and sesbania green manure were analyzed for their chemical composition. The experiment comprised of 12 treatments replicated thrice; $T_1$: control (recommended NPK), $T_2:{\frac{1}{2}}$ recommended NPK, $T_3$: FM at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_4$: pressmud at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_5$: compost at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_6$: poultry manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_7$: sesbania green manure at 1.5% by soil weight, $T_8:T_2$ + FM at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_9:T_2$ + pressmud at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{10}:T_2$ + compost at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{11}:T_2$ + poultry manure at 0.75% by soil weight, $T_{12}:T_2$ + sesbania green manure at 0.75% by soil weight. These treatments were applied using completely randomized (CR) design and appropriate time was given to decompose these organic nutritional sources. Seeds of wheat cultivar Sahar-2006 were sown. After harvesting the wheat, soil samples were collected from each pot and analyzed for various physical properties like bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage. An improvement in physical properties (bulk density, porosity and saturation percentage) of soil was noticed with the application of various organic nutritional sources but role of compost alone ($T_5$) remained prominent.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

1. 콩나물을 25℃ 및 30℃에서 재배한 경우 17℃ 및 20℃로 재배한 경우에 비하여 발아일수에 따른 콩나물의 수율 및 콩나물의 특성들이 증가되지만 7일차 콩나물부터 부패가 시작하므로 콩나물의 재배에는 20℃가 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 재배토양에 따른 푸른콩나물의 생육시험은 밭 흙, 모래, 피트모스+펄라이트, 황토, 황토+활성탄에서 각각의 생육을 측정한 결과, 일반 모래땅에서 850g으로 생장량이 가장 좋았다. 3. BA 첨가에 따른 푸른콩나물의 몸통의 직경은 BA처리구에서 길어져서 무처리 1.4mm에 비해 BA 240, BA 80배에서는 2.0, 2.2mm로 증가하였고 BA 40배에서는 1.8mm로 다시 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 4. 푸른콩나물과 일반콩나물을 비교하면 탄수화물은 푸른콩나물의 섬유질이 0.9g으로 일반콩나물 0.6g보다 많았으나 당질은 0.81g으로 일반콩나물 2.9g보다 적었다. Vitamin은 푸른콩나물에서 Vitamin B가 일반콩나물에 비해서 2배 이상 높았으나 Vitamin C의 함량은 일반콩나물에 비해 적었다.