• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09c
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

In the field of soil and groundwater remediation, sustainability was merged into remediation process and green remediation was initiated within the concept of sustainable development. Green remediation was defined and has been already applied to the remediation fields in U.S. In the case of Europe, green remediation has been evaluated for the application of green technology in the remediation industry and they especially defined sustainable remediation following idea of sustainable development. Although green and sustainable remediation is global trends, there are only a few cases about application of green remediation in South Korea. It is needed to develop soil and groundwater remediation technology towards green remediation, considering "Green Growth" as policy direction in South Korea.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2009

Strategies incorporating more efficient energy use into remediation of contaminated sites, which are those of important elements in green remediation, are developed and discussed in this work. Firstly, from several case studies of remedial actions in Korea, thermal desorption and/or in-situ method including pump-and-treat were found energy intensive and soil washing less intensive. In order to use energy efficiently and minimize use of fossil fuels during land revitalization process, it is necessary to optimize energy intensive systems, to use low energy remediation systems (such as bioremediation), and to integrate renewable energy sources. Furthermore, economic incentive systems such as subsidy need to be adopted if renewable energy sources are incorporated into remediation of contaminated sites.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.69-81
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• 2012

Diverse geostatistical tools such as kriging have been used to estimate the volume and spatial coverage of contaminated soil needed for remediation. However, many approaches frequently yield estimation errors, due to inherent geostatistical uncertainties. Such errors may yield over- or under-estimation of the amounts of polluted soils, which cause an over-estimation of remediation cost as well as an incomplete clean-up of a contaminated land. Therefore, it is very important to use a better estimation tool considering uncertainties arising from incomplete field investigation (i.e., contamination survey) and mathematical spatial estimation. In the current work, as better estimation tools we propose stochastic simulation approaches which allow the remediation volume to be assessed more accurately along with uncertainty estimation. To test the efficiency of proposed methods, heavy metals (esp., Pb) contaminated soil of a shooting range area was selected. In addition, we suggest a quantitative method to delineate the confident interval of estimated volume (and spatial extent) of polluted soil based on the spatial aspect of uncertainty. The methods proposed in this work can improve a better decision making on soil remediation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2009

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2015

In this study, land farming and chemical oxidation of a diesel-contaminated site is compared to evaluate the environmental impact during soil remediation using the Spreadsheet for Environmental Footprint Analysis by U.S. EPA. Each remediation process is divided into four phases, consisting of soil excavation, backfill and transportation (Phase 0), construction of remediation facility (Phase 1), remediation operation (Phase 2), and restoration of site and waste disposal (Phase 3). Environmental footprints, such as material use, energy consumption, air emission, water use and waste generation, are analyzed to find the way to minimize the environmental impact. In material use and waste generation, land farming has more environmental effect than chemical oxidation due to the concrete and backfill material used to construct land farming facility in Phase 1. Also, in energy use, land farming use about six times more energy than chemical oxidation because of cement production and fuel use of heavy machinery, such as backhoe and truck. However, carbon dioxide, commonly considered as important factor of environmental impact due to global warming effect, is emitted more in chemical oxidation because of hydrogen peroxide production. Water use of chemical oxidation is also 2.1 times higher than land farming.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.18-31
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• 2013

This study was performed to examine use of the pump-and-treat method for remediation of TCE, CF and CT in groundwater contaminated by DNAPL. The Woosan industrial complex is located in Wonju, about 120 km east of Seoul, Korea. Two pumping wells (KDPW7 and KDPW8) and five monitoring wells (KDMW7, KDMW8, KDMW9, KDMW10, and SKW2) were installed for the test. An asphalt laboratory is a main source of the extensive subsurface contamination at this site. To evaluate change in the concentrations of TCE, CF, and CT in groundwater in the study area, three rounds of pump-and-treat pilot tests were performed (6 July to 6 August, 22 August to 6 September, and 19 September to 2 December in 2011). The groundwater levels and the concentrations of TCE, CF, and CT exhibited negative correlations in the wet season but positive correlations in the dry season, which suggests that the TCE concentrations were mainly controlled by dilution through rainfall during the wet season and by residual TCE, CF, and CT in the unsaturated zone during the dry season. These possibilities should be considered in the full-scale remediation plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

Hundreds of contaminated sites have been generated due to the past mismagement of toxic substances, the lack of adequate environmental controls and ignorance of the potential environmental impacts of general activities in Canada. The general public, industry and governments have been addressing the contaminated sites with a number of cleanup responses. Environmental protection and remediation have become top priorities for the public and private sectors alike in Canada. Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and Canada's Green Plan were followed by provincial and territorial laws and policies to regulate contaminated sites. The National Contaminated Site Remediation Program(NCSRP) was initiated in 1989. It has been administered through bilateral agreements between the federal and participating provincial/territorial governments. They have committed a total of $250 million toward orphan site cleanup and technology development/demonstration over a five year period. The federal government has committed an additional $25 million to assess contaminated sites on federal crown land. Over 40 orphan high-risk contaminated sites, over 230 federal sites and over 35 technology development/demonstration projects have been addressed. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment has developed a series of guidance documents to ensure a consistent and successful implementation of the Program. The management/regulation scheme of contaminated sites generally consists of： 1) identifying and investigating sites, 2) determining site contamination, 3) recognizing responsibility and liability, 4) assessing priority for remediation, 5) activation, evaluation and implementing remediation options, and 6) documenting remediation completion. The NCSRP supported the successful development/demonstration of a wide range of innovative remedial technologies. They are related to stabilization/solidification, thermal washing/flushing, advanced oxidation, sonics, and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons, PAHS, PCBs, heavy metals, and other hazardous pollutants in a variety of site environments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.803-809
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil amendment (heat-expanded clay and active carbon) and planting of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum on the remediation of salt-affected soil and the plant growth under high calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentration. The experimental group comprised treatments including Non treatment (Cont.), heat-expanded clay (H), active carbon (AC), planting (P), heat-expanded clay+planting (H+P), active carbon+planting (AC+P). A 200 mL solution of CaCl₂ at a concentration of 10 g·L^-1 was applied as irrigation once every 2 weeks. Compared to the Cont., the incorporation of the 'heat-expanded clay' amendment decreased electrical conductivity of the soil leachate and cation exchange capacity, whereas the growth of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was relatively increased. These results suggest that the combination of 'heat-expanded clay' amendment and planting will mitigate negative effect of de-icing salts and improve plant growth in salt-contaminated roadside soils.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The three processes of 1) high- & low-temperature microwave heatings, 2) the soil washing, and 3) the thermal desorption processes in soil remediation are analysed on the treatment cost data for 2003-2012 years. The cost of microwave heating method with at temperature 500-700℃, for 30 minutes, and at 4-6 kW is approximately 10 $/ton (13,000 ₩) due to the deep through heating of micro-wave, the soil washing with chemicals is about 80 $/ton (85,000 ₩) due to the chemicals & duration, and the thermal desorption process is around 40 $/ton (41,000 ₩) from the less efficiency. Furthermore the sustainability has been assessed, and suggestions are made. 1) Green; the minimal environmental footprint, 2) Growth; the least cost, 3) Shared; the social & environmental justice, 4) Smart; the microwave characteristics of deep through irradiation & heating, and 5) Mutuality; the flexibility of the technology. More additives including water, the government support, and public relation are suggested realizing the microwave in this condition is not harmful to human beings.