• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

To achieve the "low carbon green growth" vision, the first step is securing core technologies. Therefore, S&T policy direction for green technology development is urgently needed. As of 2008, investment in green technology (GT) development hovered around 10% of the government's total R&D budget. Thus, the Korean government developed a plan to increase that percentage to 15%, by 2013. To develop reasonable investment strategies for green technology development, targeted strategies that reflect technology and market changes by green technology area are needed. However, the overall planning and coordination of national GT development is currently split among, approximately, 10 government ministries. To establish an efficient green technology development system, the so-called "Green Technology R&D Council" should be launched in collaboration with the Presidential Committee on Green Growth and the National Science and Technology Council. Furthermore, to build a solid foundation for commercializing the outcomes of GT development projects and promote GT transfer, the government should undertake two initiatives. First, the government should reinforce GT R&D performance management, by establishing a GT R&D performance management and evaluation system. Second, the government should implement the "customized packaged support for promoting green technology business rights and commercialization" and present "e-marketplace for market-oriented green technologies". Creating a pan-ministerial policy for GT development policy would necessitate restructuring the HR(Human Resources) development system, which is currently separated by technology area. Based upon mid/long-term HR supply and demand forecasts, the government should design differentiated HR development projects, continuously evaluate those projects, and reflect the evaluation results in future policy development. Finally, to create new GT-related industries, the "Green TCS (Testing, Certification, and Standards) System" needs to be implemented. For objective evaluation and diffusion of R&D results by green technology area, a common standardization plan for testing, analysis, and measurement, like the "Green TCS", should be developed and integrated.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.516-538
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• 2015

This study applies policy network theory to examine the main policy actors and their relations in the green growth policy making process. Also the development of and changes in South Korean government's green growth strategy are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the president and the presidential council were the key players to introduce and to push green growth policy in a short time. Policy influence and key roles were concentrated on them. The development of green growth policy were initiated from the president's change in perceived problems and preferences. He set green growth policy on the government's top priority. These changes lead to another changes in strategies, rules, norms and resources within the network. As a result, the president-led green growth policy established new laws, environmental regulations and governmental structures to facilitate the policy implementation. Green growth policy, however, was almost stopped after new presidential election in 2013. Because new government has a different national agenda, the previous governmental agenda lost its status as national priority. In addition, this study shows that government-led green growth in Korea has policy consistency problem after administration was changed by presidential election. Former president-led green growth policy making under the situation of the lack of policy participation from the private sector led to discontinuities in policy after a presidential term was over.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2011

S&T policy has been traditionally regarded as a sector policy; however, it is now evolving into an infrastructure innovation policy that forms the foundation of diverse types of policies. Simultaneously, environmental and energy policies formerly considered as sector policies are now being expanded and integrated into a higher level policy for sustainable development. With these changes underway, the importance of policy integration has increased. Efforts are being made to minimize contradictions between environmental, social, and innovation policies that emphasize proactive linkage among policies or place the highest priority on environmental policy following the theory of Environmental Policy Integration (EPI). Confronted with these policy changes, the Lee Myung-bak government announced "Low-Carbon Green Growth" in 2008 as national agenda for development that focus attention on environmental and energy issues. Economic policy and environmental policy have been traditionally seen in a conflicting relationship with different paths of policy development. However, the administration of President Lee is now emphasizing the synergy effects between the environment and economic growth with the concept of green growth. The green growth policy of the Korean government has great significance as it has built a momentum for incorporating social goals such as environmental values or sustainable development into economic growth-oriented policies; however, there remain many challenges due to the legacy of the development period that has dominated Korean society. The Korean government says it reflects "EPI" or "environmentalism" in policy goals; however, in reality it prioritizes development over the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2019

Green spaces are recognised for the benefits. They bring to the quality of people's lives. However, since the 1980s there has been a general increase in poorly-managed green spaces. In an attempt to address this issue, green space policy has changed its focus on green space management through the gradual introduction of green space evaluation tools, such as the Green Flag Award (GFA). The GFA, as an established green space evaluation tool in the UK, reflects a shift in policy drivers of green spaces management. However, there is a lack of research investigating the contextualisation between a wide range of policy contexts and such green space evaluation tools (the GFA in this study). The aims of this study are therefore to explore the development of green space evaluation since the late 1990s, with respect to the growth of the GFA and its impact on other evaluation tools across the UK and several countries. To address the aims, this study employs in-depth literature reviews on UK green space policy mainly conducted by government. In addition, case studies are presented, focusing on the GFA and independent green space evaluation tools intrinsically derived from the GFA in the UK's cities and Nordic countries. Results show that based on the awareness of the severity of declining standards of green spaces, newly emerging policy arrangements have been adopted to address negative issues, which affect the standard of green spaces such as the transfer of responsibility for green space management, the implementation of Compulsory Competitive Tendering and ongoing budget cuts. Significantly, the GFA's indicators reflect the emerging changes of economic and social contexts associated with green spaces management where, in particular, the prospect of continuous budget cuts, which encourages communities to become involved in green space management. The GFA has widely contributed to leading such UK's cities and other countries to be able to create their independent green space evaluation tools in different approaches based on stakeholders' (mainly community) involvement in the decision-making process of green space evaluation. In conclusion, this study implies that successful green space evaluation tools do embody the value of green spaces and address drivers of emerging green space management with correspondence to the context of policy arrangements. Importantly, stakeholders have an opportunity to be involved in a partnership in the decision-making process through some green space evaluation tools. It is hoped that for well-managed green spaces this study will contribute valuable knowledge to our existing understanding of green space management in an era of austerity.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.549-559
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• 2014

The increasing demand of maritime transportation and port development especially due to increased international trade resulted in a strengthening of regulating the greenhouse gas emissions mainly from ships by International Maritime Organization (IMO). Responding to these international environmental regulation and enforcement, the United States and the European seaports have expanded their Green Port Policy, which can promote the public welfare by reducing pollution caused by ships and ports. Accordingly, in 2010, Korean government enacted "The Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth" and had pushed for all Korean ports to establish and implement their own green port policies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish the Green Port Policy Plan for sustainable and environmental friendly operations and developments of Ulsan port, which plans to be the oil hub port of Northeast Asia. To this end, we studied the current status of the environmental policy issues in Ulsan Port and international-&-domestic case studies on establishment of green port policy. With these studies, Ulsan green policy alternatives were identified that through the experts advice, and then were prioritized by adopting AHP survey analysis. As the result of this study, it was notified that LED lights replacement and AMP establishment as the hardware policy and the port environmental management department as the software policy were equally important policy options for the implementation of sustainable Ulsan Green Port Policy to meet port's characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

A green area plan is getting attention as a way to solve the recent urban problems such as the rise of environment problems. To correspond to this change, there were dramatic amendments for the green area related laws. These amendments are appraised as the epochal turning point for the green area policies. This study is to introduce the main contents of amended urban green area law and urban park law in Japan, to compare with the Korean green area related laws, and to summarize the special features of both countries' green policies and the comments about the Korean green area policy structures. As a result, this amendment of Japan established the unified green area policy structure supporting the green area policies of municipal governments and is inducing living environment improvement by securing green area in the center of city, support, and the participation of residents. On the other hands, this amendment of Korea is a lack of the systemization of green area policy and the phased establishments of green area plan in spite of the scope of whole city because of absence of the unified high level plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.1 s.18
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine farmers' intentions, attitudes, and the type of filming they are involved in, including to provide supporting data for planning the agricultural strategy and Green Belt policy in Seoul. All the collected data was analyzed using the contingency tables and the Chi-square test using the SAS computer statistical package. The leaseholders did not want to change the current Green Belt policy for the study area, while the landowning farmers hoped for either its revision or dissolution. Both groups pointed out that the Green Belt policy resulted in the delay of development and complained about the difficulty of changing the land use type. The older generation supported the dissolution of the Green Belt, policy, as compared with the younger generation who wanted to maintain or modify the policy. The leaseholders worried that the possible changes in the Green Belt policy might affect the current agricultural land contract system, whereas the landowning farmers were very interested in easing restrictions on changing land use. The compensation plan, which is indemnified land owners for their loss of restrictions on land use, might be useful to sustain urban farming in the Green Belt.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 2015

Although there is progress in developing green sectors in North America and East Asia, the key challenge facing the expansion of economy-wide green innovation and structural change in these regions is the absence of relevant policy follow-up to the green stimulus enacted during the Great Recession. The boost to green sectors provided by such measures is waning quickly, given that much of the green stimulus focused on energy efficiency. The biggest obstacles to sustaining green growth in North America and East Asiaare major market disincentives, especially the under-pricing of fossil fuels and market failures that inhibit green innovation. A three-part strategy to overcome these obstacles would involve: first, removing fossil fuel subsidies; second, employing market-based instruments to further reduce the social costs of fossil fuel use; and third, allocating any resulting revenue to public support for green innovation and investments. Such a strategy would ensure that green growth is not about promoting niche green sectors but instigating economy-wide innovation and structural transformation in North America and East Asia.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-241
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• 2013

The notion of green growth emerged in 2009. Since then, policy makers and practitioners have largely adopted the term. Although rather intermittently, there have been academic observations on green growth, with the term often being cited as a paradigm and a policy guide for generating new sources of growth. The most important reasons for the surge in green growth today as a new trend and an international agenda item are the rather unsatisfactory results and pitfalls of sustainable development, which has failed at promoting a tangible international environmental principle or a concrete policy framework. Green growth has been proposed as an alternative simultaneously to foster the dynamics of global environmental governance and to reinvigorate the world economy. This study examines to what extent green growth plays a complementary role in existing global environmental governance. Available evidence provides reasonable grounds for arguing that a positive outcome may well be expected from the evolution of green growth architecture and followed by practical policies. It became a global agenda out of a few influential national governments' control. However, decision makers in the leading countries, both developed and developing must be willing to continue implementing what has been discussed and agreed thus far, beyond changes in political leadership and administrations.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2010

Green growth policy is essentially a dilemmatic policy, because it has two fundamental but conflicting values, environment vs. economy. In this paper, how the dilemma in the green growth policy is perceived by the policy maker is analyzed. Two approach is taken to analyze the dilemma perception by the policy maker, the president of Korea. The first approach is an analysis of policy statements by the president, and the second approach is a cognitive map analysis of his statements. This paper discusses the different findings between two approach and points out the potential power of the cognitive map in finding policy dilemmas.