• Title/Summary/Keyword: Green Chemistry

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톨라신류 펩티드 혼합처리에 의한 항진균 활성의 증가 (Increase in antifungal activity by the combination of tolaasin and its analogue peptides)

  • 윤영배;이형진;김영기
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제61권1호
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    • pp.69-73
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    • 2018
  • 표고버섯(Lentinus edodes)은 원목이나 톱밥배지를 사용하여 재배한다. 이 배지에 푸른곰팡이(Trichoderma)가 감염되면 표고버섯의 생장을 크게 억제한다. 버섯은 신선식품이기 때문에 푸른곰팡이를 방제하기 위한 항생제와 화학약품의 사용은 허용되지 않는다. Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의해 분비되는 펩티드 독소인 톨라신과 톨라신 유사체들은 항진균 활성을 가져 푸른곰팡이병 방제에 성공적이었다. 푸른곰팡이 Trichoderma harzianum H1에 톨라신 펩티드를 처리하였을 때 곰팡이의 성장은 효과적으로 억제되었고, 실제 톱밥배지에서 균주 배양액을 푸른곰팡이 균사에 분사하였을 때, 균사 성장은 완벽하게 억제되었다. 특히, P. tolaasii 6264와 HK11 균주의 배양 추출액을 혼합하여 처리하였을 때에 항진균 활성이 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 이러한 균주들과 펩티드 독소들은 푸른곰팡이의 성장을 억제할 수 있고, 표고버섯 재배에서 푸른곰팡이병을 방제하기 위한 좋은 후보가 될 수 있다.

Incorporation of Titanium into H-ZSM-5 Zeolite via Chemical Vapor Deposition: Effect of Steam Treatment

  • Xu, Cheng-Hua;Jin, Tai-Huan;Jhung, Sung-Hwa;Hwang, Jin-Soo;Chang, Jong-San;Qiu, Fa-Li;Park, Sang-Eon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.681-686
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    • 2004
  • Ti-ZSM-5 prepared by secondary synthesis, from the reaction of H-ZSM-5 with vapor phase $TiCl_4$, was characterized with several physicochemical techniques including FT-IR and UV/VIS-DRS. It was found that zeolite structure, surface area and pore volume did not change, and the framework aluminum could not be replaced by titanium atom during the secondary synthesis of Ti-ZSM-5. The incorporation of titanium into the framework might be due to reaction of $TiCl_4$with the silanol groups associated with defects or surface sites. The formation of extra-framework titanium could not be avoided, unless the samples were further treated by water vapor at 550 $^{\circ}C$ or higher temperature. High temperature steam treatment of Ti-ZSM-5 prepared by chemical vapor deposition with $TiCl_4$was efficient to prevent the formation of non-framework titanium species. Ti-ZSM-5 zeolites prepared in this work contained only framework titanium species and exhibited improved catalytic property close to TS-1 prepared by hydrothermal synthesis.

Exfoliation of Dion-Jacobson Layered Perovskite into Macromolecular Nanoplatelet

  • Lee, Won-Jae;Yeo, Hyun Jung;Kim, Do-Yun;Paek, Seung-Min;Kim, Young-Il
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.2041-2043
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    • 2013
  • A layered perovskite of Dion-Jacobson phase, $RbLaTa_2O_7$, was successfully exfoliated into colloidal suspension via successive ion-exchange and intercalation reaction. The pristine perovskite $RbLaTa_2O_7$ was synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction, and then, it was ion-exchanged with hydrochloric acid to obtain a protonic form of perovskite. The resulting proton-exchanged perovskite was reacted with ethylamine to increase interlayer spaces for further intercalation reaction. Finally, the ethylamine-intercalated form was exfoliated into nanosheets via an intercalation of bulky organic cations (tetrabutylammonium). According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the TBA-intercalated form showed remarkably increased interlayer spacing (${\Delta}d$ = 1.67 nm) in comparison with that of the pristine material. Transmission electron microscopic image of exfoliated perovskite clearly revealed that the present exfoliated perovskite were composed of very thin layers. This exfoliated perovskite nanosheets could be applicable as building blocks for fabricating functional nanocomposites.

6 시그마의 적용에 대한 연구 (An Application Study of Six Sigma in Clinical Chemistry)

  • 장상우;김남용;최호성;박용원;추경복;윤근영
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.121-126
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    • 2004
  • The primary goal of six sigma is to improve patient satisfaction, and thereby profitability, by reducing and eliminating defects. Defects may be related to any aspect of customer satisfaction: high product quality, schedule adherence, cost minimization, process capability indices, defects per unit, and yield. Many six sigma metrics can be mathematically related to the others. Literally, six means six standard deviations from the mean or median value. As applied to quality metrics, the term indicates that failures are at least six standard deviations from the mean or norm. This would mean about 3.4 failures per million opportunities for failure. The objective of six sigma quality is to reduce process output variation so that on a long term basis, which is the customer's aggregate experience with our process over time, this will result in no more than 3.4 defect Parts Per Million(PPM) opportunities (or 3.4 Defects Per Million Opportunities. For a process with only one specification limit (upper or lower), this results in six process standard deviations between the mean of the process and the customer's specification limit (hence, 6 Sigma). The results of applicative six sigma experiment studied on 18 items TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA tests in clinical chemistry were follows. Assessment of process performance fits within six sigma tolerance limits were TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA with 72.2%, items that fit within five sigma limits were total bilirubin, chloride and sodium were 3 sigma. We were sure that the goal of six sigma would reduce test variation in the process.

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항진균성 펩티드에 의한 표고버섯 푸른곰팡이병의 억제 (Suppression of green mold disease on oak mushroom cultivation by antifungal peptides)

  • 이형진;윤영배;허정훈;김영기
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.149-153
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    • 2017
  • 원목과 톱밥배지에서 푸른곰팡이의 오염과 성장은 표고버섯의 생장을 심하게 저해할 수 있다. 표고버섯 재배에서 푸른곰팡이병의 방제를 위하여 농약과 항생제와 같은 화학 약품의 사용은 일반적으로 허용되지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 푸른곰팡이병의 방제를 위하여 느타리버섯에서 갈반병을 일으키는 세균성 병원균을 분리하고 이들의 펩티드 독소를 분리하였다. Pseudomonas tolaasii 균주들은 항진균 활성을 갖는 톨라신 및 이와 구조적 유사체인 다양한 펩티드 독소를 분비한다. 이러한 펩티드들은 표고버섯의 생장에는 영향을 주지 않는다는 것이 알려져 있다. 펩티드 독소들을 Trichoderma harzianum H1 푸른곰팡이에 처리하였을 때, 푸른곰팡이의 성장을 저해하였다. 펩티드를 분비하는 20 종의 P. tolaasii 균주 중에서 강, 중, 약의 항진균 활성을 가진 균주의 수는 각각 8, 5, 7 종으로 나타났다. 표고버섯을 재배하는 동안에, 펩티드 독소를 함유한 세균 배양액에서 세균을 제거한 배양원액을 톱밥배지 표면에 자란 푸른곰팡이 균사에 분무하였다. 배양원액은 푸른곰팡이의 성장은 억제할 수 있는 반면, 표고버섯 생장과 생산에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 펩티드 독소를 함유하는 배양원액은 곰팡이의 흰색 균사체를 노란색의 마른 딱지로 변화시켰고, 이것은 펩티드 독소가 강력한 항진균 활성과 살균 활성을 갖고 있음을 보여준다.

Concerted Asynchronous Proton Transfer in H-Bonding Relay Model: An Implication of Green Fluorescent Protein

  • Kang, Baotao;Karthikeyan, S.;Jang, Du-Jeon;Kim, Heeyoung;Lee, Jin Yong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.1961-1966
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    • 2013
  • Theoretical investigations have been performed for the ground state ($S_0$) and the first excited state ($S_1$) of the hydrogen bonded green fluorescent protein (GFP) model. The potential energy surface (PESs) of $S_0$ was obtained by B3LYP method and that of $S_1$ was obtained by CIS method. Based on the relative stabilities of species and the energy barriers for the proton transfer, it was found that proton transfer could take place both under the ground state and the first excited state. As determined by the proton motions along the reaction coordinate, both the ground state proton transfer (GSPT) and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) are considered as a concerted and asynchronous process.