• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.2307-2314
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• 2008

유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크는 현재 다양한 분야로 활용되고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크를 그린 하우스에 적용하여 작물생장정보 및 환경데이터 수집 등 유용한 정보를 모니터링 할 수 있다. 하지만 센서노드의 한정된 에너지 자원으로 네트워크 확장을 통한 대규모 네트워크를 구성하여 운영하기에는 부적절하다. 본 논문에서는 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위해 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 구현하였다. 도출된 결론을 통해 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용했을 때 에너지 측면에서 효율성이 높아진 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2017

Energy efficiency solutions are being pursued as a sustainable approach to reducing energy consumption and related gas emissions across various sectors of the economy. Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP) is an energy efficient advanced insulation system that facilitates slim but high-performance insulation, based on a porous core material evacuated and encapsulated in a barrier envelope. Although VIP has been applied in buildings for over a decade, it wasn't until recently that efforts have been initiated to propose and adopt a global standard on characterization and testing of VIP. One of the issues regarding VIP is its durability and aging due to pressure and moisture dependent increase of the initial low thermal conductivity with time; more so in building applications. In this paper, the aging of commercially available VIP was investigated experimentally; thermal conductivity was tested in accordance with ISO 8302 standard (guarded hot box method) and long-term durability was estimated based on a non-linear pressure-humidity dependent equation based on study of IEA/ECBCS Annex 39, with the aim of assessing durability of VIP for use in buildings. The center-of-panel thermal conductivity after 25 years based on initial 90% fractile with a confidence level of 90 % for the thermal conductivity (${\lambda}90/90$) ranged from 0.00726-0.00814 (W/m K) for silica core VIP. Significant differences between manufacturer-provided data and measurements of thermal conductivity and internal pressure were observed.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.641-651
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive institutional improvement methods for promoting the Damaged Area Restoration Project in greenbelts. The current status of greenbelts in Gyeonggi-do, where greenbelts are extensively distributed was analyzed, and the relevant laws and regulations were reviewed to suggest measures to promote the restoration project. The area of damaged areas within greenbelts in Gyeonggi-do was 6,121,024 m², accounting for about 0.52% of the total area of greenbelts, and more than 80% was found to be located in Namyangju (55.49%), Hanam (16.48%), and Siheung (8.68%). Various measures to improve the policy were examined as follows: reducing the minimum size of the restoration project area; adjusting baseline of recognizing range of damaged areas; introducing the right of claim for land sale; allowing long-term unexecuted urban parks to be replaced as alternative sites for parks and green spaces; simplifying administrative procedures; and allowing public participation. All of them are expected to promote the restoration project within greenbelts. In results, when the minimum size of area for the restoration project was reduced from 10,000 m² into 5,000 m², 3,000 m² and 2,000 m², the ratio of the number of combinable lots to the total number of lots increased from 4.4% to 18.8%, 38.8%, and 55.9% respectively in Namyangju. Morever, when the recognizable ranges of the restoration project were extended to the structures obtaining building permit as of March 30, 2016 and obtaining use approvals before December, 2017, the number of applicable lots increased by 5.1% and 9.2% respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

In recent times, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, such as heavy rains and typhoons, have been increasing due to the impacts of climate change. This has led to a rise in social and economic damages. Rural areas, in particular, possess limited disaster response capabilities due to their underdeveloped infrastructure and are highly vulnerable to flooding. Therefore, it is crucial to establish preventative and responsive measures. In this study, an Inventory-Based Flood Loss Estimation (IB-FLE) method utilizing high-resolution spatial information was developed for estimating flood-related losses in rural areas. Additionally, the developed approach was applied to a study area and compared with the Multidimensional Flood Damage Analysis (MD-FDA) method. Compared to the MD-FDA, the IB-FLE enables faster and more accurate estimation of flood damages and allows for the assessment of individual building and agricultural land losses using up-to-date information. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the rational allocation of budgets for rural flood damage prevention and recovery, as well as enhancing disaster response capabilities.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-57
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• 2023

Majority of the plastic produced each year is being disposed in land after single-use, which becomes waste and takes up a lot of storage space. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative solutions instead of disposal. Recycling and reusing the PET plastic waste as aggregate replacement and fiber in concrete production can be one of the eco- friendly methods as there is a great demand for concrete around the world, especially in developing countries by raising human awareness of the environment, the economy, and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a key development in concrete technology that offers a number of attractive features over traditional concrete applications. Recently, in order to improve its durability and prevent such plastics from directly contacting the environment, various kinds of plastics have been added. This review article summarizes the latest evident on the performance of SCC containing recycled PET as eco-friendly aggregates and fiber. Moreover, it highlights the influence of substitution content, shape, length, and size on the fresh and properties of SCC incorporating PET plastic. Based on the findings of the articles that were reviewed for this study, it is observed that SCC made of PET plastic (PETSCC) can be employed in construction era owing to its acceptable mechanical and fresh properties. On the other hand, it is concluded that owing to the lightweight nature of plastic aggregate, Reusing PET waste in the construction application is an effective approach to reduces the earthquake risk of a building.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2020

In order to reduce damage from farmland inundation caused by recent climate change, it is necessary to predict the risk of farmland inundation accurately. Inundation modeling should be performed by considering multiple time distributions of possible rainfalls, as digital forecasts of Korea Meteorological Administration is provided on a six-hour basis. As building multiple inputs and creating inundation models take a lot of time, it is necessary to shorten the forecast time by building a data base (DB) of farmland inundation probability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a DB of farmland inundation probability in accordance with forecasted rainfalls. In this study, historical data of the digital forecasts was collected and used for time division. Inundation modeling was performed 100 times for each rainfall event. Time disaggregation of forecasted rainfall was performed by applying the Multiplicative Random Cascade (MRC) model, which uses consistency of fractal characteristics to six-hour rainfall data. To analyze the inundation of farmland, the river level was simulated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The level of farmland was calculated by applying a simulation technique based on the water balance equation. The inundation probability was calculated by extracting the number of inundation occurrences out of the total number of simulations, and the results were stored in the DB of farmland inundation probability. The results of this study can be used to quickly predict the risk of farmland inundation, and to prepare measures to reduce damage from inundation.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2024

건설기술의 발달을 통하여 재개발 사업, 도로의 지하화, 지하철 증설, 광역철도 등 다양한 공사가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 이것 때문에 기존에 형성된 도심지와 인근 지역에서의 공사들도 증가함에 따라 주변 인접 건물과 주민들의 피해와 분쟁 사례의 증가는 물론 기존 건축물의 노후화로 인한 안전사고 발생 또한 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 데이터를 그래픽 프로그램에 적용하여 균열의 생성, 길이와 폭의 증진 등을 사진 촬영 이미지를 통해 비교하여 이에 대한 정도를 수치로 제시하여 균열에 대한 진전을 객관화하고자 하였다. 프로그램 적용을 통하여 기존 현장 조사의 단점으로 언급되던 균열 변화 여부의 주관적 판단에 따른 오류를 해결하였다. 이를 통해 사용 과정에서의 보완 및 개선 사항을 적용한다면 신뢰성이 향상되어 건축물 진단 과정에 보편적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. 후속 연구로 디지털 그래픽 데이터 프로그램의 추출 알고리즘을 적용하여 전처리 작업에 사람이 개입하지 않는 것과 자체적으로 균열의 길이와 폭을 계산하고, 건축물의 전체적인 변화를 점검할 수 있는 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2017

수소 가스는 연소과정에서 오염물질의 배출이 없는 친환경 에너지원이다. 그러나 연소 및 폭발성이 매우 강해 매우 위험한 특징을 갖고 있다. 원자력 발전소의 중대 사고 발생시 핵연료의 산화 과정에서 다량의 수소 가스가 발생하며 원전 격납 건물의 2차 사고의 원인으로 작용함으로 원전의 안전을 확보하기 위하여 수소 가스의 검출 기술은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문은 수소 가스의 원격 계측을 위한 라만 라이다 시스템의 개발에 관한 것이다. 소형의 이동 가능한 라만 라이다 시스템을 설계 및 개발하였으며, 수소 가스의 농도를 정량적으로 계측하기 위한 계측 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개발된 수소 가스 계측을 위한 라만 라이다 시스템의 수소 가스 검출 능력을 검증하기 위하여 수소 가스의 농도를 조절할 수 있는 가스 챔버를 이용하여 낮에 야외 환경에서 수소 가스 검출 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 20미터 거리에서 최소 0.67 Vol.%의 수소 가스 농도의 검출이 가능하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

국내의 경우 부처별로 다양한 기술개발 사업을 추진해왔고 R&D투자확대 정책에 따라 다양한 분야에서 성과를 내고 있으며 최근 기술개발 단계에서 실증단계로 넘어가면서 개발기술 및 서비스를 실증하기 위한 테스트베드사업을 활발하게 추진하고 있다. 하지만 개별부처에서 경쟁적으로 R&D사업을 계획하고 추진하게 됨에 따라 테스트베드사업의 일관되고 체계적인 시스템이 없다는 지적이 제기되고 있다. 가장 문제시 되는 부분이 테스트사업이 완료가 되었어도 이후의 운영 관리가 미흡하여 개발기술뿐만 아니라 테스트베드 자체도 사장된다는 점이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 국가 R&D 테스트베드사업을 할 시 운영관리, 사업화 방안을 마련하는 연구도 동반되어야 하나 현재까지도 개발기술을 검증하는 테스트베드 구축에 중점을 두어 이후의 체계에 대해서는 고려하지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 스마트시티 관련 국가 R&D 테스트베드 사업의 문제점을 집중 분석하고, 국내외 운영관리 성공사례를 적극 수용하여 국책사업의 성과 극대화, 효율성, 지속성 등을 해결하기 위하여 기본적인 운영관리 방향을 도출하고자 한다.