• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2006

Trichoderma harzianum YC459 (Th 459), isolated from sawdust compost, was effective in controlling cucumber and tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea under controlled and plastic film tunnel conditions. A water suspension of the wettable powder formulation of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by foliar spraying at all tested concentrations from $10^5\;to\;10^8$ colony forming unit (cfu)/ml in repeated experiments. The control efficacy was maintained at least seven days with the average control value of 70% in cucumber pot tests. Mixing one to eight grams of the granular formulation ($10^8cfu/g$ dry weight) of Th 459 into one liter nursery potting mix at seeding also significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the severity of cucumber gray mold by suppression of lesion formation three weeks after treatment. Application of mixing granular formulation at seeding in combination with foliar spraying during cultivation provided a more significant reduction $(P\leq0.05)$ of cucumber gray mold than granule mixing or leaf spray alone. The foliar spraying of the formulated wettable powder of Th 459 significantly $(P\leq0.05)$ reduced the infection of tomato fruits by B. cinerea as effective as the chemical fungicide, dichlofluanid, in three plastic film tunnel experiment trials. It is suggested that effective control of gray mold of cucumber and tomato can be provided by both treatment of Th 459 into potting mix and foliar spray through induction of systemic resistance and direct inhibition of the pathogen.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2012

Typhula incarnata에 의한 설부병 방제를 위한 살균제의 효과를 골프코스에서 평가하였다. 살균제의 살포효과, 살균제의 혼용효과, 살균제의 살포방법에 의한 효과 및 살포시기에 의한 설부병의 방제효과에 미치는 영향을 용평 골프장에서 평가하였다. 무처리구는 3종의 살균제처리구보다 병 피해가 더욱 심각하였다. 3종의 살균제(Azoxystrobin, propiconazole, tebuconazole)는 Kentucky bluegrass 종과 creeping bentrasss 종의 잔디에서 80% 이상의 설부병을 방제하는 효과가 있었다. 2종 이상의 혼용살포에 의한 설부병의 방제효과는 Kentucky bluegrass 종에서 93% 이상 방제효과가 있었다. Azoxystrobin 살균제를 관주와 경엽살포에 대한 설부병 방제 효과는 2종의 잔디에서 모두 유의성의 차이가 없었다. 살균제 살포시기에 따른 설부병 방제 효과는 tebuconazole 살포구에서 유의성 있었다. 이른 가을에 살포하는 것이 더 효과적이었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.213-216
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• 2011

2007년부터 2010년에 걸쳐 국내 8지역에서 블루베리의 병을 조사한 결과, 청양, 당진, 대전, 제주 지역의 온실에서 재배중인 블루베리의 신초, 잎, 꽃, 열매에서 잿빛곰팡이병 증상이 빈번하게 관찰되었으며, 조사된 다른 지역의 포장에서는 잿빛곰팡이병 증상이 관찰되지 않았다. 조사된 온실내 이 병의 발생율은 1~30%였다. 병반에서는 Botrytis속 균이 분리되었으며, 단포자 분리된 27개 균주의 형태적 및 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과, 모두 Botrytis cinerea로 동정되었다. 병원성 검정을 위하여 선발한 4균주를 4품종의 블루베리잎에 분생포자현탁액으로 인공접종한 결과, 4균주 모두 접종한 블루베리 잎에 자연병반과 유사한 병반을 형성하였다. 국내의 온실재배 블루베리에 발생하는 B. cinerea에 의한 잿빛곰팡이병은 본 연구에 의해 처음으로 보고된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.46-48
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• 2000

1999년 5월 경상남도농업기술원 잇꽃 재배포장에서 잎, 줄기, 꼬투리, 꽃받침에 잿빛곰팡이병이 발생하였다. 병징은 처음 잎, 줄기, 고투리와 꽃받침 끝부분이 암갈색으로 변하고 나중에 회갈색의 병징이 나타나다가 결국 고사하며 그 부분에 잿빛곰팡이가 아주 많이 형성한다. 분생포자는 무색, 단포자이며 난형 또는 타원형으로 크기는 $7.4{\sim}16.8{\times}5.3{\sim}10.4;{\mu}m$였고, 분생자경 위에 분생포자가 아주 많이 형성되었다. 분생자경은 갈색으로 격막이 있고 폭은 $2.9{\sim}15.5\;{\mu}m$였다. 균사생육 온도는 $5^{\circ}C$에서 $30^{\circ}C$이며 적온은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 $25^{\circ}C$이었다. 병반에서 분리한 병원균은 Botrytis cinerea에 의한 잇꽃 잿빛곰팡이병균으로 동정되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2015

In August 2015, we collected samples of gray mold from sweet basil growing in Sachunmeon, Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. Symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia with gray conidia on young leaves, stems, and blossoms. The pathogen was isolated from infected leaves and blossoms and the fungus was cultured on potato dextrose agar. For identification of the fungus, morphology and rDNA sequencing analysis of the fungus were performed, which confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and the rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS4) and the three nuclear protein-coding genes G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2 showed that the causal agent was Botrytis cinerea. This is the first report of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on sweet basil in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2011

During 2002-2008 in Korea, 455 extracts from myxobacteria consisting of 318 cellulolytic and 137 bacteriolytic myxobacteria were isolated, which were then screened for antifungal activity against the phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Penicillium sp., Pyricularia grisea, and Phytophthora capsici. 204 isolates had antifungal activity, causing both a clear zone due to blocked spore germination and inhibition of mycelial growth; most (199) were from cellulolytic (Sorangium cellulosum) and only five were from bacteriolytic myxobacteria. B. cinerea, the best controlled among the five tested pathogens, had a unique group of antifungal isolates of myxobacterial extracts compared to the other pathogens' groups. Among seventy-nine bioactive myxobacteria, four isolates, KYC 3130, KYC 3247, KYC 3248 and KYC 3270, were selected and all were cellulolytic. Liquid culture filtrates of these four myxobacteria were applied to tomato, cherry tomato, strawberry, and kiwi fruits 5 h before inoculation with gray mold conidia; then the treated fruits were placed in an airtight container and the experiment was repeated six to eight times. Incidence (%) of gray mold on fruit of the infected control treatment was 84-98%, whereas it was only 5-21% after the KYC 3270 treatment. After KYC 3270 treatment of the four fruits, mold control was 79-95%, which was highest among the filtrates and statistically the same as treatment with fludioxonil, a registered chemical against gray mold of stored fruits.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2017

최근 경북 포항의 산딸기 재배지역에서 잿빛곰팡이병 증상이 발생하였다. 초기에는 잎의 가장자리나 과경 부위에 갈색 반점이 나타나며 병이 진전되면 병반 부위가 확대되고 수침상으로 물러지면서 표면이 회색 곰팡이로 덮이는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 증상이 발생한 잎으로부터 병원균을 분리하고 균학적 특성을 조사하고 계통학적 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 산딸기에서 발생한 잿빛곰팡이병의 병원균은 Botrytis cinerea로 확인되었으며, 건전한 산딸기 식물체를 대상으로 접종실험 한 결과 산딸기에 대한 병원성을 확인하였다. 지금까지 국내에서 B. cinerea에 의한 산딸기 잿빛곰팡이병이 보고되지 않았으므로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 이 병을 국내 최초로 보고한다.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-57
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• 1999

Botrytis cinerea was isolated from a gray mo이 leaf lesion on persimmon in fields of Kyeonsangnam-do from 1996 to 1998, and etiological study was conducted including physiological characteristics. It formed gray mold lesion with light green color on leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki). The temperature range for mycelial growth was between $5^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ with the optimum temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Conidia were oviod, cylindric, and colorless and their dimensions in culture were $8.4~11.5\times7.0~8.9\mu\textrm{m}$. The optimum temperature of conidial germination was $25^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia on potato dextrose agar medium were well formed and brownish condiophores were observed with their size of $18.5~64.9\times4.5~8.0\mu\textrm{m}$. Symptoms on artificially inoculated plants were similar to those of gray mold disease on persimmon caused by Botrytis cinerea in fields.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2007

Bacillus licheniformis N1 is a biological control agent to control gray mold diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea. Various formulations of B. licheniformis N1 were generated and evaluated for the activity to control strawberry gray mold. The wettable powder type formulation N1E was selected in pot experiments with remarkable disease control activity on both strawberry leaves and flowers. The N1E formulation contained 400 g of com starch, 50 ml of olive oil, and 50 g of sucrose per a liter of bacterial fermentation culture. Optimum dilution of N1E to appropriately control the strawberry gray mold appeared to be 100-fold dilution in plastic house artificial infection experiments. The significant reduction of symptom development in the senescent leaves was apparent by the treatment of N1E at 100-fold dilution when N1E was applied before Bo. cinerea inoculation, but not after the inoculation. Both artificial infection experiments in a plastic house and natural infection experiments in the farm plastic house under production conditions revealed that the disease severity of gray mold on strawberry leaves and flowers was significantly reduced by N1E treatment. The disease control value of N1E on strawberry leaves was 81% under production conditions, as compared with the 61.5% conferred by a chemical fungicide, iprodione. This study suggests that our previously generated formulation of B. licheniformis N1 will be effective to control strawberry gray mold by its preventive activity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

To develop a commercial product using the mycoparasitic fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP, the scale-up of conidia production from a 5-l jar to a 5,000-l pilot bioreactor, optimization of the freeze-drying of the fermentation broth, and preparation of a wettable powder-type formulation were performed. Then, its disease control efficacy was evaluated against gray mold diseases of tomato and ginseng plants in field conditions. The final conidial yields of S. lamellicola BCP were $3.3{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 5-l jar, $3.5{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 500-l pilot vessel, and $3.1{\times}10^9conidia/ml$ for a 5,000-l pilot bioreactor. The conidial yield in the 5,000-l pilot bioreactor was comparable to that in the 5-l jar and 500-l pilot vessel. On the other hand, the highest conidial viability of 86% was obtained by the freeze-drying method using an additive combination of lactose, trehalose, soybean meal, and glycerin. Using the freeze-dried sample, a wettable powder-type formulation (active ingredient 10%; BCP-WP10) was prepared. A conidial viability of more than 50% was maintained in BCP-WP10 until 22 weeks for storage at $40^{\circ}C$. BCP-WP10 effectively suppressed the development of gray mold disease on tomato with control efficacies of 64.7% and 82.6% at 500- and 250-fold dilutions, respectively. It also reduced the incidence of gray mold on ginseng by 65.6% and 81.3% at 500- and 250-fold dilutions, respectively. The results indicated that the new microbial fungicide BCP-WP10 can be used widely to control gray mold diseases of various crops including tomato and ginseng.