• 제목/요약/키워드: Grass clippings

검색결과 10건 처리시간 0.029초

Italian Rye Grass 초지군락의 청예처리빈도에 따른 생산성과 질소이용성 (Nitrogen Utility during the Population Development with Different Clipping Treatments on Italian Rye Grass Field)

  • 송승달
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 1979
  • The plant growth and net production, the nitrogen uptake and recycling, the nitrogen mobility and allocation to each organ, and the nitrogen utility from the Italian rye grass field during the population development were analyzed in comparison with different clipping treatments. The maximum dry matter standing crop and nitrogen quantity of harvest increased significantly, however, the annual amounts of dry matter and nitrogen assimilation showed little variations with increasing clipping frequencies. Plants treated with frequent clippings allocated relatively more nitrogen to leaves and less to roots during the experimental period. The amount of recycling of nitrogen decreased considerably due to frequent clippings. The annual averages of nitrogen utility indices changed in inverse relation to the nitrogen availability; such as 63, 58, 44 and 35 for C, A, M and J plots, respectively.

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잔디 예지물의 혐기소화에서 사일리지 저장기간이 메탄 생산에 미치는 영향 (Effects of silage storage period of grass clippings on methane production by anaerobic digestion)

  • 여진;김태희;김창규;이서영;윤영만
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.13-28
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구에서는 초본계 바이오매스인 잔디 예지물의 혐기소화 원료 가치를 평가하기 위하여 잔디 3종 (Poa pratensis, PP; Zoysia japonica, ZJ; Agrostis stolonifera, AS)의 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜을 측정하였으며, 사일리지 저장기간 (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180일)에 따른 잔디 예지물 (PP)의 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜 변화를 분석하여 사일리지 저장기간이 잔디 예지물의 혐기소화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. Parallel first-order kinetics model에 의한 생화학적 메탄퍼텐셜 (Bu-P)은 PP, ZJ, AS에서 각각 0.330, 0.297, 0.261 Nm3/kg-VSadded이었으며, PP의 잔디 예지물이 메탄생산을 위한 혐기소화 원료로서 가장 적합하였다. PP의 잔디 예지물 사일리지의 Bu-P는 저장기간 0일 0.269 Nm3/kg-VSadded에서 저장기간 180일 0.217 Nm3/kg-VSadded로 약 19% 감소하였다. 또한, 잔디 예지물 사일리지 저장기간 0일에 NDF, ADF, BP 함량은 각각 67.59, 39.68, 3.02%인 반면, 180일에는 각각 77.12, 54.65, 6.24%로 나타나 저장기간 180일에 잔디 예지물 사일리지에서 세포벽 구성 물질의 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 잔디 예지물을 효율적으로 혐기소화 하기 위해서는 사일리지 저장 방식 외에도 사일리지 제조과정에서 초기 수분함량, 효소 또는 알칼리 처리와 같은 전처리 방법, 잔류 농약에 의한 혐기소화 저해 영향 등에 관한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

잔디 예지물의 생리활성 탐색 (Screening of Biological Activities of Grass Clippings from Turfgrass)

  • 이아영;왕샤오닝;이동구;태현숙;조은주;이상현
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.208-213
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of grass clippings from turfgrass including Zoysia japonica (TG-1), Zoysia matella (TG-2), Agrostis palustris (TG-3), and Poa pratensis (TG-4). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was relatively higher in TG-1 and -2. Especially, TG-1 exerted the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging effect, showing 90.40% at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. In addition, TG-1 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Helicobactor pylori. TG-1 also showed the highest inhibitory effect of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell growth and nitric oxide production against lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In conclusion, among the TG extracts, TG-1 has anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effect, indicating that TG-1 may be the potential source of functional food.

비료원과 멀칭재료에 따른 사과 유묘의 생장 및 토양이화학성 변화 (Growth and Soil Chemical Property of Small Apple Trees as Affected by Organic Fertilizers and Mulch Sources)

  • 최현석;롬컽;이연;조정래;정석규;지형진
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2011
  • 본 실험은 비료 공급원으로서 1) 대조구(NF), 2) 상업용 유기질 비료($10N-2P_2O_5-8K_2O$, Nature Safe$^{(R)}$)(CF), 3) 계분 비료(PL)를 포함하였고, 멀칭 공급원으로는 4) 나무껍질 멀칭(WC), 5) 재활용 종이 멀칭(SP), 6) 식물성 퇴비 멀칭(GC), 7) 초생멀칭(GR)을 포함하였다. 유기질 비료와 멀칭의 양은 매해 유기농 사과나무 포장에 시비하였던 (50 g 질소/한 나무, 10 cm 멀칭시용/한 나무) 질소량과 체적에 각각 비례해서 각 포트에 시비하였다. CF, PL, 그리고 GR 급원은 미생물이 유기태 질소를 무기화(N-mineralization) 하는데 이상적인 탄소:질소(30:1이하)비를 보였는데, 처리 후 90일 째 되던 날에 토양중 무기태 질소 농도를 증가시켰다. CF, PL, 그리고 GR 처리된 유묘는 가장 넓은 총 엽면적과 두꺼운 직경, 그리고 큰 수고 및 건물중을 나타내어서 식물생장을 증가시키기 위한 가장 유용한 자재로 평가되었다.

추비의 시용이 한국잔디(Zoyisa japonica Steud.)의 춘계생육에 미치는 영향 (Effect of the Application of Fertilizer in Autumn on the Development of Korean Lawn grass( Zoysia japonica Steud.) in the Following Spring)

  • 이정재;김인철;함선규;김성태;양승원
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1992
  • This experiment was undertaken to study effect of fall Fertitizarion on spring regrowth of Korean lawngrass( Zoysia japonica Steud ) Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. late fall fertilization stimulated the spring regrowth of Korean lawngrass. hut early spring application showed little effect on that 2. The yield of clippings on May 21 was obviously greater in late fertilization plots(treatment C, D and E) than other plots(treatment A, B and control, but there was no significant difference in clipping yields of C, D and F treatment. 3. Both nitrogen and reducing sugar contents of runner fell down in spring. It was suggested thatthese constituents be translocated from runner to other parts during the budding period. 4. The nitrogen content of runner was obviously mote in the plot of late fall fertilization. In contrast to nitrogen, no obvious difference was found in reducing sugar content of runner of seven application date. It was suggested that the roots of plant be still able to absorb to absorb nitrogen under dormancy. .5.From these results. late fall fertilization enhances the development of Korean lawngrass in the following spring. But early spring application shows little effect on spring regrowth.

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Composting High Moisture Materials : Bio-Drying Livestock Manure in a Sequentially Fed Reactor

  • Lee, J.H.;Park, H.L.
    • 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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    • pp.701-710
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    • 1996
  • Composting has gained rapid acceptance as a method of recyling relatively dry organic materials such as leaves and brush and , when alternative disposal costs are high, even moist materials such as grass clippings and dewatered sewage sludges. However, as moisture contents rise above 60% , the need for a dry bulking amendment increase the costs of composting , both by direct purchases of amendment and though increased reactor capacity and materials handling requirements. High moisture materials also present increased risks of anaerobic odor formation through reduced oxygen transport (Miller , 1991) . These costs and operational challengers often constrain the opportunities to compost high moisture materials such as agricultural manures. During the last several decades economies of scale in livestock production have been increasing livestock densities and creating manure management challenges throughout the world. This issue is particularly pressing in Korea, where livestock arms typically manage little or no cropland, and the nutrients and boichemical oxygen demand in manure pose a serious threat to water quality. Composting has recently become popular as a means of recycling manure into products for sale off the farm, but bulking amendments (usually sawdust) are expensive designed to minimize bulking agent requirements by using the energy liberated by decompostion. In this context the composting reactor is used as a biological dryer, allowing the repeated use of bulking amendment with several batches of manure.

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질소시용 및 예초고가 한국 잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud.) 및 금잔디(Zoysia matrella MERR.)의 생육후기 영양생장에 미치는 영향 (Effect of nitrogen application and clipping height on the vegetative growth of Korean lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and Manilagrass (Zoysia mat rella (L.) MERR.) during September/October)

  • 심재성;윤익석
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.7-17
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    • 1987
  • The experiment with two levels of nitrogen (0. and 300kg / ha / year) and two levels of clipping height (1.5cm and 4cm) was conducted on the field during the period 3 June to 23 October 1985. Clonal lines of korean lawngrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) and manilagrass ( Zoysia matrella ( L.) Merr.)of Daejon origin were established in June, as individual clone in rows 30cm apart with a 40cm spacing between clones, actually 4 clones each plot. The results obtained were as follows : 1. When no nitrogen was applied to korean lawngrass, leaf blade which appeared during the August / early September period remained green for a period of about 10 weeks and even leaves emerged in late September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks as nitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of manilagrass which emerged during the mid - August / early September period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that the life - saen of individual leaf of manilagrass may be longer than that of korean lawngrass. Meanwhile, clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July / August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight of korean lawngrass were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with two levels of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September : no effect of nitrogen was appeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Green leaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. The increase of tiller number, green leaf number, and DM weight of korean lawngrass due to nitrogen application appeared to be of significance in early September. Unlike korean lawngrass, however, this significant increase was maintained to late October when new green leaves still emerge. Clipping height had little effect on the growth of manilagrass by early September, but since then, lax clipping stimulated leaf appearance, possibly resulting in a remained green color of manilagrass turf. 4. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influenced by nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2 - 3 stolons. However, 1st branch stolon as affected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolon. 5. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused by lengthening the primary stolons. By applying nitrogen the primary stolons of korean lawngrass was longer than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1st branch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In manilagrass, 1st branch stolons were much longer than the primary stolons when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clipping, there was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 6. Stolon nodes of both korean lawngrass and manilagrass were positively influenced by nitrogen, but no particular increases by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in manilagrass. Although the stolon of korean lawngrass was grown until late october, the growth stimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that a by nil N. 7. The thickness of korean lawngrass and manilagrass was greatest in late September, but that of manilagrass did not differ significantly from that in late October. 8. The response of stolon length of korean lawngrass to lax clippings was not so great in late October as to that to severe clippings. On the other hand, the positive effect of lax clippings to stolon length in m anilagrass was confirmed even in late October.

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유기질 비료와 멀칭자재가 MM.106 사과 대목의 생장과 광합성에 미치는 영향* (Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Mulch Sources on Growth and CO2 Assimilation in MM.106 Apple Trees)

  • 최현석;롬컽;김월수;최경주;이연
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.245-255
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 여러 유기질 비료와 멀칭자재에 따른 MM.106 사과 대목의 생장과 광합성 동화량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 수행되었다. 유기질 비료와 멀칭 자재의 무기성분 함량과 탄소/질소 비율(탄질비)은 수체 생육과 광합성에 영향을 주었다. 미생물이 유기태질소를 무기태로 전환하기 용이한 이상적인 탄질 비를 나타냈던, 상업용 유기질 비료, 계분, 식물성 퇴비, 그리고 풀 멀칭구가 줄기생장과 SPAD 및 광합성 함량을 증가시켰다. 처리 5주 후에 SPAD 및 광합성 함량이 처리구에 의해 영향을 받았으며, 처리 6주 후에 줄기생장 또한 처리구 간에 유의성을 나타냈다. 토양 내 무기태 질소 함량이 $10{\sim}15mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$이었을 때 가장 효율적인 수체 생장과 발달을 나타냈으며, 질소함량은 생장과 발달에 유의적인 상관관계를 나타냈다.

토양의 종류와 답압이 켄터키블루그래스 토양층에서 질소용탈에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Rootzone Mix and Compaction on Nitrogen Leaching in Kentucky bluegrass)

  • 이상국;케빈 프랭크;제임스 크럼
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2010
  • 환경문제를 야기 시킬수 있는 질소의 용탈에 관한 문제는 수많은 연구를 통해 그 결과를 문헌에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 질소의 토양내 용탈에 관해서 이루어진 반면에 토양의 답압과 토양의 종류에 따라 질소의 용탈 정도에 관한 연구는 그 결과를 문헌에서 찾아 보기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 토양의 종류와 답압의 정도가 질소의 용탈에 미치는 영향 그리고 토양에 잔류된 질소가 켄터키블루그래스의 성장에 주는 영향에 대해서 알아보기 위하여 수행 되었다. 질소는 총 147 kg $ha^{-1}$이 12주 동안 3회에 걸쳐 나누어 시비되었다. 토양의 종류는 성분비율에 따라 76.0:24.0, 80.8:19.2, 87.0:13.0 그리고 93.7:6.3% (sand:soil)의 4가지로 구성이 되었다. 토양은 PVC 파이프에 30 cm 깊이로 조성이 되었으며 토양층 밑에 5 cm의 자갈층으로 구성되었다. PVC 파이프 밑부분의 구멍을 통해 질소용탈수의 수집을 용이하게 하였으며 질소외 영양성분을 위해 Hoagland solution에서 질소만 제외하여 사용되었다. 켄터키블루그래스의 질과 예초량이 매주 측정이 되었으며 예초물은 건물량 측정을 위해 예초후 67도에서 24시간 동안 건조되었다. 질소용탈수는 매주 PVC 파이프의 밑부분을 통해 매주 수집이 되었다. 6.1 J $cm^{-2}$ 이상의 답압에너지는 더 많은 표면배수의 가능성을 야기 시킬 수 있다. 3.0과 6.1 J $cm^{-2}$ 사이의 답압에너지는 다른 처리구에 비해 더 많은 건물량이 측정이 되었고 적은 질소가 용탈이 되었다.

질소시용, 예초 및 재식밀도가 한국잔디(Zoysia Japonica Steud)의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Studies on the growth of Korea Lawn Grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)in Reponse to Nitrogen Application, Clipping Treatment and Plant Density)

  • 심재성
    • 자연과학논문집
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.61-113
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    • 1987
  • The increasing emphasis placed on the production of fine turf for lawns, golf courses, parks, and other recreational sites has led to many unsolved problems as to how such turf could be best established and mainteined. For this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted under con ditions of pot and field. The results obtained were as follows EXPERIMENT I. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and clipping interval on Zoysia japonica. 1. Increasing the rate of nitrogen and frequent clipping increased tiller number of Zoysis japonica and the maximum number of tillers were obtained from 700 kg N application and freqnent clippings (10 days interval ) in October. Treatment of 350kg N with 10 days clipping interval increased tillers much more than those of 700 kgN with 20 and 30 days clipping intervals. 2. The average number of green leaves occurred during the growth period maximized by applying 700 kg N and clipping 10 days interval. 3. Increasing tiller numbers significantly decreased tops DM weight per tiller by clipping plants at interval of 10 and 20 days, irrespective of nitrogen applied, and with nil N, at the interval of 30 days. By applying 700 kg N, however, top DM weight per tiller increased as the number of tillers increased consistently. 4. The highest top DM weight was achieved from late August to early September by applying 350 and 700kgN. 5. During the growth period, differences in unders ( stolon + root ) DM weight occurred bynitrogen application were found between nil N and two applied nitrogen levels, whereas, at the same level of nitrogen applied, the increase in stolon DM weight enhanced by lengthening the clipping interval to 30 days. 6. Nitrogen efficiency to green leaves, stolon nodes and DM weight of root with high nitrogen was achieved as clipping interval was shortened. 7. By increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate applied, N content n the leaves and stems of Zoysiajaponica was increased. On the other hand, N content in root and stolon had little effect onfertilizer nitrogen, resulting in the lowest content among plant fractions. The largest content of N was recorded in leaves. Lengthening the clipping interval from 10 or 20 to 30 days tends to decrease the N content in the leaves and stems, whereas this trend did not appeared in stolon androot. 8. A positive correlations between N and K contents in tops and stolon were established andthus K content increased as N content in tops and stolon increased. Meanwhile, P content was not affected by N and clipping treatments. 9. Total soluble carbohydrate content in Zoysia japonica was largest in stolon and stem, and was reduced by increasing fertilizer nitrogen rate. Reduction in total soluble carbohydrate due to increased nitrogen rate was severer in the stolons and stems than in the leaves. 10. Increasing the rate of nitrogen applied increased the number of small and large vascular bundles in leaf blade, but shortened distance among the large vascular bundles. Shortening the clipping interval resulted in increase of the number of large vascular bundles but decrease ofdistance between large vascular bundles.EXPERIMENT II. Growth response of Zoysia japonica imposed by different plant densities. 1. Tiller numbers per unit area increased as plant density heightened. Differences in num ber between densities at higher densities than 120 D were of no significance. 2. Tiller numbers per clone attained by 110 days after transplanting were 126 at 40D,77 at 80D, 67 at 120D, 54 at 160D, and 41 at 200D. A decreasing trend of tiller numbers per clone with increasing density was noticable from 100 days after transplanting onwards. 3. During the growth period, the greatest number of green leaves per unit area were attainedin 90days after transplanting at 160D and 200D, and 100 days after transplanting at 40D, 80Dand 120D. Thus the period to reach the maximum green leaf number with the high plantdensity was likely to be earlier that with the low plant density. 4. Stolon growth up to 80 days after transplaning was relatively slow, but from 80 daysonwards, the growth quickened to range from 1.9 m/clone at 40D to 0.6m/clone at 200Din 200 days after transplanting, these followed by the stolon node produced. 5. Plant density did not affect stolon weight/clone and root weight/clone until 80 daysafter transplanting. 6. DM weight of root was heavier in the early period of growth than that of stolon, butthis trend was reversed in the late period of growth : DM weight of stolon was much higherthan that of root.EXPERIMENT Ill. Vegetative growth of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella as affected by nitrogen and clipping height. 1. When no nitrogen was applied to Zoysia japonica, leaf blade which appeared during theAugust-early September period remained green for a perid of about 10 weeks and even leavesemerged in rate September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks asnitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of Zoysia matrella which emerged during the mid August-earlySeptember period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that thelife-spen of individual leaf of Zoysia matrella may be longer than that of Zoysia japorica. Clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July-August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weightof Zoysia japonica were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with twolevel of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September ; no effect of nitrogen wasappeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Greenleaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influencedby nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2-3 stolons. However, 1st branch stoIon asaffected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolons. 4. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused bythe primary stolons. By applying nitrogen, the primary stolons of Zoysia japonica waslonger than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1stbranch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In Zoysia matrella, 1st branch stolons were muchlonger than the primary stolon when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clippingthere was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 5. Stolon nodes of both Zoysia japonica and Z. matrella were positively influenced by nit rogen, but no particular increase by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in Zoysiamatrella. Although the stolon of Zoysia japonica grew until late October, the growthstimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that by nil N.

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