• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of U-Granule formulation of molinate(S-ethylhexaphdro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) mixtures in green house and paddy field, Five minutes were taken for U-Granule to spread out 7m in irrigated water of direct seeded on flooded paddy surface. The concentration of active ingredient of molinate in molinate U-Granule application was similar to molinate+simetryn U-Granule application. But weeding effect of molinate+simetryn U-Granule on Echinochlor crus-galli was 23% higher Than single application of molinate at 7m from application point. Bioefficacy of molinate+simetryn+imazosulfuron U-Granule on control of Echinochloa crus-galli was higher than that of molinzte+imazosulfuton U-Granule, but those effect on Eleochairs kuroguwai was not significantly different. Only slight rice phytotoxicity was observed at 5m and 2m from application point of U-Granule molinate+simetryn+imazosulfuron and molinate+imazosulfuron, respectively. So it is concluded that there is little phytotoxicity problem in practical application of U-Granule of molinate mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.550-557
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• 2020

Used in the ceramic tile market as a representative building material, relief ceramic tile is showing increased demand recently. Since ceramic tiles are manufactured through a sintering process at over 1,000 ℃ after uniaxial compression molding by loading granule powders into a mold, it is very important to secure the flowability of granular powders in a mold having a relief pattern. In this study, kaolin, silica, and feldspar are used as starting materials to prepare granule powders by a spray dryer process; the surface of the granule powders is subject to hydrophobic treatment with various concentrations of stearic acid. The effect on the flowability of the granular powder according to the change of stearic acid concentration is confirmed by measuring the angle of repose, tap density, and compressibility, and the occurrence of cracks in the green body produced in the mold with the relief pattern is observed. Then, the green body is sintered by a fast firing process, and the water absorption, flexural strength, and durability are evaluated. The surface treatment of the granule powders with stearic acid improves the flowability of the granule powders, leading to a dense microstructure of the sintered body. Finally, the hydrophobic treatment of the granule powders makes it possible to manufacture relief ceramic tiles having a flexural strength of 292 N/cm, a water absorption of 0.91 %, and excellent mechanical durability.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to determine cortical granule distribution during in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization of oocytes, and to investigate effects of microfilament inhibitor on the cortical granule distribution during in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes in the pig, The corti-cal granule distribution were imaged with fluor-escent labeled lectin under laser scanning confocal microscope or detected by transmission electron microscope. At germinal vesicle stage, cortical granule organelles were located around the cell cortex and were present as a relatively thick area on the oolema. Microfilaments were also observed in a thick uniform area around the cell cortex. Following germinal vesicle break down,microfilaments concentrated to the condensed chromatin and cortical granules were observed in the cortex. Treatment with cytochalasin B inhibited microfilament polymerization and prevented movement of cortical granules to the cortex. Cortical granule exudate following sperm penetration was evenly distributed in the entire perivitelline space. Therefore, these results suggested that the microfilament assembly is involved in the distribution, movement and exocytosis of cortical granules during maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes. (Key words cortical granule, porcine, maturation, fertilization).

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

This study presents the theoretical approach for volume concentration, velocity profile, and granular discharge on the fluid-granule mixed flow downstream of the scour hole at the outlet of the hydraulic structure. Concept of dilatant model was applied for the stress-strain relationships of fluid-granule mixed flow since the flow downstream of the scour hole corresponds to debris flow, where momentum transfers through particle collisions. Mathematical formulations were derived using momentum equation and stress-strain relation of the fluid-granule mixture. Velocity profile under the assumption of uniform concentration over flowing layer showed the downward convex type. Deposition angle of downstream hump was found to be a function of an upstream slope angle, a dynamic friction angle and a volume concentration irrespective of flow itself, Granular discharge and the overflow depth were obtained with given values of inflow rates. Experimental results showed relatively good agreements with theoretical ones.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.557-562
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• 2016

Pyrophyllite granule powders for thermal spray coating were successfully prepared through spray drying process. To produce a stable slurry, commercial pyrophyllite powder of $45{\mu}m$ in size was ball-milled for reduction of the size to $2{\sim}3{\mu}m$ and a dispersant was added to control the viscosity. Dense and spherical granules (average granule size : $59{\mu}m$) were prepared under conditions of 12,500 rpm for rotation velocity of the atomizer and 100 cps for slurry viscosity. The granules were then heat treated at $1,200^{\circ}C$ for proper handling strength and flow properties. The final granules had an apparent density of $0.725g/cm^3$ and a flow rate of 2.5 g/sec, which represent excellent properties to be used as the granule powder for thermal spray coatings.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

Translocation of azurophil granules is pivotal for bactericidal activity of neutrophils, the first-line defense cells against pathogens. Previously, we reported that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an endogenous lipid, enhances bactericidal activity of human neutrophils via increasing translocation of azurophil granules. However, the precise mechanism of LPC-induced azurophil granule translocation was not fully understood. Treatment of neutrophil with LPC significantly increased CD63 (an azurophil granule marker) surface expression. Interestingly, cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of action polymerization, blocked LPC-induced CD63 surface expression. LPC increased F-actin polymerization. LPC-induced CD63 surface expression was inhibited by both a Rho specific inhibitor, Tat-C3 exoenzyme, and a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y27632 which also inhibited LPC-induced F-actin polymerization. LPC induced Rho-GTP activation. NSC23766, a Rac inhibitor, however, did not affect LPC-induced CD63 surface expression. Theses results suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for azurophil granule translocation where LPC induces translocation of azurophil granules via Rho/ROCK/F-actin polymerization pathway.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2019

We investigate a collapsing granule event and the associated excitation of waves in the photosphere and chromosphere. Our observations were carried out by using the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph and the TiO 7057Å Broadband Filter Imager of the 1.6 meter Goode Solar Telescope of Big Bear Solar Observatory. During our observations, we found a granule which became significantly darker than neighboring granules. The edge of the granule collapsed within several minutes. After the collapse, transient oscillations occurred in the photospheric and chromospheric layers. The dominant period of the oscillations is close to 4.5 minutes in the photosphere and 4 minutes in the chromosphere. Moreover, in the Ca II-0.5Å raster image, we observed brightenings which are considered as the manifestation of shock waves. Based on our results, we suggest that the impulsive collapse of a granule can generate upward-propagating acoustic waves in the solar quiet region that ultimately develop into shocks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.172-181
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• 2001

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system employs granular sludge to treat various wastewaters including landfill leachate. CH$_4$ production of the granules determines overall performance of a UASB reactor. Sludge granules are developed by self-granulation of microorganisms and dynamic balance between granule growth and decay results in coexistence of granules with different sizes in the reactor. In this study, granules taken from a laboratory-scale UASB reactor were classified into 4 groups based on their diameters and their Physicochemical characteristics we were investigated. Each group was analyzed for settling ability, specific methanogenic activity (SMA), and elemental content. Settling ability was proportional to granule diameter. suggesting effective detainment of larger granules in the reactor. When acetate or glucose was used as a substrate, all groups showed relatively slight difference in SMA. However SMA with a volatile fatty acid mixture showed significant increase with granule diameter, suggesting better establishment of syntrophic relationship in larger granules. Larger granules showed higher value of SMA upon environmental changes (i.e., PH, temperature, or toxicant concentration). Comparative analysis of elemental contents showed that content (dry weight %) of most tested elements (iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, nickel. and manganese) deceased with granule diameter, suggesting importance of these elements for initial granulation. Taken together, this study verified experimentally that Physicochemical Properties of granules are related to granule size distributions. Overall results of physicochemical characterization supports that larger.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Changes in the release and uptake of glutamate in cerebellar granule and glial cells of offspring of lead-exposed mothers were determined. In cultured cerebellar granule cells exposed to lead for 5 days, glutamate release was less influenced upon N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulation than that in the control. Although the NMDA-stimulated release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells prepared from lead-exposed first generation pups was not different from that of the control group, the S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-stimulated release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells obtained from lead-treated pups was less elevated than that in the control. Furthermore, in cerebellar granule cells obtained from lead-exposed second generations pups, glutamate release did not respond to both NMDA and SNAP stimulation. In cerebellar glial cells exposed to lead, the basal glutamate uptake was not changed. However, the L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC)-blocking effects was significantly reduced. In glial cells obtained from lead-exposed pups, the glutamate uptake was also less blocked by PDC than that in the control. Further decreases in PDC-blocking effects were observed in cerebellar glial cells obtained from lead-treated second generation pups compared to those from the control group. These results indicate that lead exposure induces the changes in the sensitivities of the glutamate release and uptake transporter. In addition, these results suggest that lead exposure might affect the intracellular signalling pathway and transmission in glutamatergic nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.9-17
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• 2009

In this paper, we describe a flow meter system for pulverized coal developed for the pulverizer-burner system of a boiler or blast furnace, which uses the density and the velocity of the granule flow. The granule flow density is measured by a sensor that detects the capacitance from the electrode on the surface of the piping system. The velocity of granule flow can be calculated using the distance between two pairs of built-in sensors in the flow direction, the time obtained from the sampling cycle using the correlation method between two waveforms of the sensors. The flow rate is calculated from the density and velocity of the granule flow. The reliability and accuracy of the flow meter system has been verified by comparing the data with the weight measured from a load-cell.