• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 1979

In order to evaluate the effect of developed Nk compound fertilizers, 17-0-17 granular and powder, and 17-0-14 granules in comparison with single fertilizers, urea and potassium on rice (Oryzae sativa) ; cultivar, Milyang 23, (Orizae Sativa), a field experiment was carried out. Results obtained are as follows : 1. The top dressing of NK compound fertilizers tended to produce higher paddy yield than that of single fertilizers; urea and patasstum muriate. 2. The absorption of potassium and nitrogen by rice plant from the plot of NK granular compound fertilizer, 17-0-17, was greater than from the plots the absorption of those elements received other types of ferilizers and application method The absorded K/Ca+Mg ratio in milli equivalent basis in plant was also appeared to be in same order as the absorption of nitrogen and potassium. 3. From the results of present study it seemed necessary to evaluate the NK compound fertilizer for the top dressing at effective tillering stage of rice as well.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.550-557
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• 2020

Used in the ceramic tile market as a representative building material, relief ceramic tile is showing increased demand recently. Since ceramic tiles are manufactured through a sintering process at over 1,000 ℃ after uniaxial compression molding by loading granule powders into a mold, it is very important to secure the flowability of granular powders in a mold having a relief pattern. In this study, kaolin, silica, and feldspar are used as starting materials to prepare granule powders by a spray dryer process; the surface of the granule powders is subject to hydrophobic treatment with various concentrations of stearic acid. The effect on the flowability of the granular powder according to the change of stearic acid concentration is confirmed by measuring the angle of repose, tap density, and compressibility, and the occurrence of cracks in the green body produced in the mold with the relief pattern is observed. Then, the green body is sintered by a fast firing process, and the water absorption, flexural strength, and durability are evaluated. The surface treatment of the granule powders with stearic acid improves the flowability of the granule powders, leading to a dense microstructure of the sintered body. Finally, the hydrophobic treatment of the granule powders makes it possible to manufacture relief ceramic tiles having a flexural strength of 292 N/cm, a water absorption of 0.91 %, and excellent mechanical durability.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

To investigate the morphological effect on synthesis of aluminum nitride by SHS Process, two type of Al Powder (granular and flacky shape) with the mean size of 34 $\mu$m and the diluent AIN powders of four different mean sizes.0.12, 9.7, 39.3, 50.5 $\mu$m, were used to prepare green compact. The packing density was fixed to $35 TD\%. The initial pressure of $N_{2}$ and diluent fraction was varied in the range of $1\~10 MPa,\;0.4\~0.7$, respectively. AlN with high purity of $98\% or over and large particle size of about several tens fm can be synthesized by SHS reaction as a consequence of adjusting particle size of AlN dilutent similarly to that of Al reactant. This may be caused by improvement of $N_{2}$ gas permeation to compact after passing the propagation wave. In the case of flaky-shape aluminum used as reactant, instead of granular Al-powder, unstable combustion would be occurred. As the result, irregular propagation of combustion wave and falling-off of maximum temperature would be observed during the reaction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1998

This study was carried out to granulate artificial zeolite powder that remove ammonium nitrogen and phosphorous simultaneously in wastewater treatment. Optimum water content was required for 30 percent volume to granulate artificial zeolite with 1.7mm diameter and 1~2cm length using granulator. Portland cement could remove much $NH_4{^+}$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}$ from the wastewater than other binding materials. Mixed 33, 25. 20. 16 percent of portland cement to artificial zeolite powder(v/v), cation exchange capacity of the granulars were 66.5, 81.4, 126.8, $151.2cmol^+kg^{-1}$ and hardness of that were 176.1, 24.4, 4.1, $0.4kg\;cm^{-2}$, respectively. Content of portland cement in the granular were related with removal of $PO_4{^{3-}}$ positively and that of $NH_4{^+}$ negatively. Shaked 1g of the granulars that made of portland cement 33 percent with 40ml synthetic wastewater containing $NH_4{^+}$ $1545mgl^{-1}$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}$ $417mgl^{-1}$, 99.4 percent of $NH_4{^+}$ and 90.3 percent of $PO_4{^{3-}}$ were removed simultaneously after 48 hours shaking. The longer shaking, the more $NH_4{^+}$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}$were removed. The artificial zeolite granular had both micropore and macropore that could be useful in the wastewater purification.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.42-47
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• 2017

In this study,we conducted an injection molding analysis of metal powder materials for the development of flanges, which are necessary adapters for optical communication. The metal powder injection molding process is a technique for producing an injection molded article having a complicated shape by mixing ceramic or stainless powder and binders. It is used to produce products which require complex processing technology or for which the productivity is low. The purpose of this study is to minimize the manufacturing processing of products which are manufactured through existing mechanical processing procedures. For the injection molding analysis, we mixed stainless STS316 metal powder with binders at a ratio of 6 to 4 to make molding materials consisting of granular pellets. Then, three-dimensional modeling and meshing were carried out to obtain the optimal injection molding analysis conditions(molding temperature, melting temperature, injection time, injection temperature, injection pressure, packing time and cooling time). As a result of the analysis, it was discovered that the inlet became available 13.29 seconds after the first injection. Also, as the flowing and packing in the melt through the sprue, runner and gate were stable, it is expected that good molds can be manufactured.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the application effects of three different granular fused magnesium phosphate products on soybean in a volcanic ash upland soil(Namweon series) of Cheju island. They were two domestic products(Kyunggi Chemical Industrial Co., LTD, Pungnong Biryo Industrial Co., LTD) and an imported Chinese product that were manufactured from different added materials. A powder fused magnesium phosphate. a single superphosphate(water soluble phosphatic fertilizer) and a fused superphosphate(mixed water soluble phosphate and 2% citric acid soluble phosphate) were presented as check fertilizers. Yield of soybean was the highest in the Pungnong product of granular fused magnesium phosphate. the next was the Chinese product imported and the Kyunggi product was the lowest but there was no statistical significance among the three granular products of fused magnesium phosphate. There was no clear tendency between yield and yield components of soybean plant however, the effects on the number of mainstem nodes, number of branches nodes and number of pods per plant were observed in the increased yield treaments. Phosphate concentration in stems and pods of soybean plant at harvesting stage was higher than those in stems of soybean plant during growing period. Uptake amounts and recovery rates of phosphate in stems and pods of soybean plant at harvesting stage were similar with the yield increasing tendency on soybean. In the changes of soil pH at different periods, the application of phosphatic fertilizers was increased soil pH. Soil pH in Chinese product was higher than domestic products, but it was similar to single superphosphate. The available silicate concentrations of soil were higher in the plot of Pungnong product than Chinese product.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate the current status of prescription drugs in Oriental medical institutes and to draw up a future plan for the revitalization of Oriental medical health insurance, this survey has been performed. Method : The survey has been made with 321 doctors working at Oriental medical institutes in Daegu and Kyungbuk areas for a period of 3 month from June 1, 2010 until September 1, 2010. Result : 1. When it comes to the current status of the use of herbal drugs in Oriental Health insurance, most of doctors surveyed prescribe insurance drugs, and they prescribe insurance drugs to patients, who are less than 20% of total patients visiting their clinics. 2. The awareness of Herbal Health Care Drugs is investigated. When it comes to the understanding of the difference between insurance drugs(powder type drugs) and granular type drugs, doctors admit that they differ only in one aspect, whether or not their being covered by health insurance. Based on the survey results on the understanding of insurance coverage of granular type drugs, doctors, even though they long for granular type drugs to be accepted as insurance drugs, are worrying whether the number of outpatients might dwindle due to increased insurance co-payments. They also point out that the biggest obstacles in the expansion of the granular type drugs as insurance drugs are the lack of understanding of the government and the objection of the Health Insurance Review and Assesment service (HIRA) for fear of increased insurance claims. 3. Upon investigation on Oriental medicine doctors' understandings of herbal pharmaceutical industry, it is found that doctors' responses on pharmaceutical industry are not all positive ones('new product development and neglect of R&D infrastructure' and 'smallness of industry'). When it is investigated what area needs the greatest improvement in herbal pharmaceutical industry, 'securing sufficient capital, good manufacturing, and strengthening quality control', is the highest. 4. When it is asked what are the most needed in order to improve herbal health insurance medicine, responses such as 'the increase in the accessibility to and the utilization of Oriental medical clinics through the diversification of the means of prescriptions', 'the improvement of insurance benefits(cap adjustments)', 'increase the proportion of high quality medicinal plants', 'the ceiling of co-payments(deductible) at 20,000 won or more', 'expansion of the choices of formulations', 'formulational expansions of tablets and pills', and finally 'admittance and expansion of granular type drug as insurance drug' are the highest. 5. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the current status of the usage of Oriental health care herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, the frequency of use of health insurance drugs by the doctors who use health insurance with general characteristics shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001), average number of daily patients (p<0.05). Secondly, as to the willingness of the expanded usage of insurance drugs, similar differences are observed in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). 6. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the perception of Herbal health care drugs, the followings are observed. First, inspecting general characteristics and insurance claims due to increased co-payments(deductible amount) reveals similar differences in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p <0.01). Secondly, inspecting general characteristics and the obstacles that hinder granular type drugs from being accepted as health care insurance drugs shows similar differences in case of working period (p<0.05). 7. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the understanding of Oriental Herbal pharmaceutical companies, the followings are observed. First, opinions on the general characteristics of pharmaceutical companies, when examined with variance analysis, shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). Secondly, when opinions are examined on general characteristics and the problems of herbal pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are found in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001). Lastly, opinions on the general characteristics and reforms of pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.001). 8. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the improvement of insurance Herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, regarding general characteristics and insurance benefits, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.05), in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05), and in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Secondly, opinions on the general characteristics and the needs for the improvement of Herbal insurance drugs are examined in 5 different aspects, which are the approval of granular type drugs as insurance drugs, the expanded practices of the number of prescription insurance drugs, the needs of a variety of formulations, the needs of TFT of which numbers of Oriental medical doctors are members for the revision of the existing system, and the needs of adjusting the current ceiling of the fixed amount and the fixed rate. When processed by the analysis of variance, the results show similar differences in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Conclusion : From the results of this study the first measures to take are, to reform overall insurance benefit system, including insurance co-payment system(fixed rate cap adjustment), to expand the number of the herbal drugs to be prescribed matching with insurance benefit accordingly, and to revitalize herbal medicine insurance system through the change of various formulations. In addition, it is recommended to improve the effectiveness of herbal medicine by making plans to enhance the efficacy of herbal medicine and by enabling small pharmaceutical companies to outgrow themselves.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1991

ZnO fine powder was prepared by the batch precipitation process using $ZnCl_2$ and hexamethylenetetramine solution as a mother solution. When the concentrations of $ZnCl_2$solution were $0.1mol/\ell$ and 0.05mol/-, the particles of rod shape were obtained when the conentration of $ZnCl_2$solution was $0.01mol/\ell$, the particle of plate shape was obtained. When the hexamethylenetetramine as a precipitants was used, pH was raised slow during a few minute be-cause of slow hydrolysis rate of hexamethylenetetramine. For rapid raising of pH during initial reac-tion time, $NH_4$OH was added as nucleant. When $NH_4$OH as a nucleant was added, obtained particle was shape of granular and the mean particle size was $0.41\mu\textrm{m}$. After calcination at $500^{\circ}C$ during 1hour, all of remained organic phase was removed but the shape of particles was not changed. But pa-rticles were slightly shrunk in comparision with before calcined particles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2012

$Prunus$ $mume$ was steamed for easier removal of the pulp. The steamed fruit pulp was vacuum dried and powdered. The steamed $Prunus$ $mume$ powder (SPP) was passed through a 250 ${\mu}m$ sieve, fluidized in a fluid-bed granulator, and then granulated by top-spraying with water (SPPGW) or the extract obtained from steam (SPPGE). Then the physicochemical and sensory properties of SPP, SPPGW, and SPPGE were evaluated. The flowability of powder (angle of repose $^{\circ}$) of SPP, SPPGW and SPPGE was $23.59^{\circ}$, $11.07^{\circ}$, and $13.94^{\circ}$, respectively. The water dispersibility of SPP, SPPGW, and SPPGE was 18.69, 10.04 and 6.00 sec, respectively. Also, the overall acceptance of SPP, SPPGW and SPPGE was 3.00, 3.44 and 6.56, respectively. In conclusion, SPPGE can be used as granular steamed whole fruit pulp with good powder flowability and dispersibility, and therefore consumer acceptance.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2009

The effect of calcium cyanamide (China-made) soil fumigation on the growth of the ginseng pathogen Rhizoctonia, Pythium), soil microbes, and seed germination of lettuce and radish was investigated. At twice the recommended level (2S0-ppm $CaCN_2$), the growth of Rhizoctonia and Pythium, and the seed germination, were not inhibited. Rather, the effective level was 10,000 ppm. The powder form was more effective than the granular form in inhibiting pathogen growth and seed germination. The lettuce seed was also more sensitive than the radish seed. Calcium cyanamide appearedto decrease the fungi population and to increase Actinomycetes in the soil.