• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2011

폐수 처리 시스템의 그람 양성 세균을 간편하고 신속하게 모니터링할 수 있는 그람 염색 방법을 개발하였다. 각각 4종류의 그람 양성 세균과 음성 세균의 배양액을 polyethersulfone membrane filter와 Toluidine Blue-O로 여과 및 염색하였다. 염색된 여과막을 건조시키고 스캔하였으며, 영상 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 빨강색, 녹색, 파랑색의 강도를 측정하는 정량적 색상 이미지 분석법을 개발하였다. 그람 양성 세균의 경우 그람 음성 세균보다 빨간색과 초록색 수치가 높게 나타났다. 본 방법을 그람 양성 세균이 혼합된 활성슬러지에 적용한 결과, 활성슬러지의 경우 플록의 불규칙한 크기와 형태로 측정이 어렵다 할지라도 플록 분산 기술을 이용하여 활성슬러지의 그람 양성 세균의 변화를 모니터링 할 수 있었다. 활성슬러지에서도 그람 양성 세균의 비율이 높아질수록 빨간색과 초록색 수치가 증가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 폐수처리 시스템에 존재하는 그람 양성 세균을 신속하고 정량적으로 모니터링 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 1997

The effects of acetic acid (AA) on aerobic plate counts (APC), gram-negative bacterial counts (GNC), and generation time (GT) in chicken wings stored at 4* were assessed. Chicken wings were treated with 0.5-1.5% (v/v) AA at exposure times of 5 min. Treatments of AA for 5 min significantly (P<0.05) reduced aerobic plate counts (APC) and gram-negative bacterial counts (GNC) on the surface of chicken wings for 8 days, respectively. After 4 days of storage, treatments of 1.0% AA and 1.5% AA for 5 min completely (P<0.05) inhibited APC and GNC compared to initial controls. Based on these results, treatments of 1.0% AA and 1.5% AA for 5 min prolonged the microbiological shelf-life for 8 days compared to those of 0.5% AA and the controls. All treatments of AA increased the lag phase and GT of aerobic microorganisma.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1978

미생물이 하는 생산하는 대사길항물질을 screening 한 결과 최소검정배지상에서 Gram 양성균과 Gram 음성균에 다같이 강한 항균작용을 나타내고 L-aspar tic acid와 L-g1utamic acid에 의하여 길항당하는 물질 N-2292를 생산하는 방선균을 분리하였다. 본 생산균을 분류동정한 결과, Streptomyces albulus 로 보거나 혹은 그 유연균으로 동정하였다. N-2292물질의 배양조건을 검토하여 최적조건에서 대량 배양하고 주로 ion 교환수지, Dowex 50을 사용하여 활성물질을 분리정제하였으며 배양액 약 10ι에서 약 40mg의 백색분말을 얻었다. 본물질은 그 의 이화학적 성질로 보아 indole 화합물을 함유하는 peptide 양 물질임을 추정할 수가 있었다. 생물학적 성질은 최소검정배지상에서 Gram 양성 및 Gram 음성세균에 항균력을 나타냈다. 이러한 항균력은 L-Asp. 및 L-Glu.의 첨가에 의해서 조해당하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1997

Enrofloxacin-colistin combination, widely used in Gram negative infections in veterinary sector, was investigated in terms of MIC and initial killing rate using E coli k 88ab, Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella multocida type A, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcus aureus as test organisms. On the basis of MICs of enrofloxacin-colistin combination against the above bacteria, killing rates of the combination of enrofloxacin and colistin at the ratio of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5, indicated high and rapid antibacterial acitivities against all but Staphylococcus aureus R-209, with the number of bacteria reducing to less than one percent within two hours. At the MIC of enrofloxacin or colistin, both antibacterials showed the highest killing rates during 2-4 hours against Gram negatives such as E coli K88ab,Pasteurella multocida type A and Bodetella bronchiseptica but allowed the regrowth of the same pathogens thereafter. On the while, the combination of two antibacterials at a fourth MIC resulted in high killing rate without bacterial regrowth during 24 hours, suggesting the synergistic antivacterial effects. The combination, however, did not show favourable activity against Gram negatime S typhimurium and Gram positive S aureus ergistic antibacterial activity against Gram negatime pathogens but also colistin showed LPS-neutraization, we could suggest the combination should provide clinically positive therapeutic armarium in Gram negative infections.

• 생약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.240-247
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• 1992

Impatiens balsamina Linne(Balsaminaceae) known as 'BONG SUN HWA' in Korea and has been used for the treatment of scrofulosis, carbunculus and dysenteria etc. Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOH extract from the whole plants of Impatiens balsamina has afforded a simple naphthoquinone derivative, 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. The structure of this compound was established by spectroscopic methods. This compound possessed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, AspergiIlus niger, Crytococcus neoformans and Epidermophyton floccusum. The activity of 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone on E. floccusum $(MIC{\;}:{\;}5.0{\;}{\mu}g/ml)$ was the same potency as that of nystatin. It showed also strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis as well as gram-negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium. Although the activity of this compound on gram-negative bacteria was lower than that of gram-positive bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.281-284
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• 1991

Combination effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) against nine gram positive bacterial strains and 43 gram negative bacterial strains which included 40 strains of animal intestinal bacteria were studied in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SMX and TMP alone and 20:1 (SMX : TMP) mixture (ST) were investigated by the method recommended by Ad Hoc Committee of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy for the Evaluation of Sensitivity Testing Methods for Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. MICs of ST were more potentiated than those of SMX alone in 8 of 9 gram positive strains and 40 of 43 gram negative strains. Especially, 38 strains of 40 intestinal bacteria showed significant susceptibility to ST as compared to SMX. These results suggest a strong synergistic activity of ST mixture against animal intestinal bacteria, The activity was considered to be comparable to those of other current antibiotics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

Antibacterial activities of the major phenolic components from Camellia sinensis L. were investigated against several pathogenic microorganisms including Gram-positive strains like Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Streptococcus pyogens 308A; and Gram-negative strains like Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli 078, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, and Enterobacter cloacae 1321E. The MIC values demonstrate that both (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin were more considerably toxic against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 than the other two catechins like (-)-epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. (-)-Epicatechingallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate were most inhibitory against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. As a result, (-)-epicatechin showed predominant antibacterial activities among tea varieties. The contents of major polyphenolic components such as four catechins, theaflavin, and quercetin were different according to fermentation processes. The total contents of four catechins were ranged from 13.81 to 1.33%, with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate being dominant among tea varieties; theaflavin was found the characteristic pigment in fully-fermented black tea.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1990

The effects of environmental factors on degradation of Aroclor 1242 were investigated with four Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Their biodegradabilities of the Aroclor were well correlated to their growth rates on the Aroclor added as a sole carbon and energy source. The optimum concentration of the Aroclor for biodegradation of the substrate in MM2 medium was 0.5mg/ml in HK-100, HK-123, and MS-1003 strains, but 1 mg/ml in DJ-26 strain. The optimum temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively, for all the strains. On the basis of the results which the strain of DJ-26 showed the highest degradability of the Aroclor as well as the highest growth rate under the optimum environmental conditions, the bacterial isolate identified as Pseudomonas sp. was found to be a strain usable for treatment of the toxic and recalcitrant chemical pollutants, such as polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides against three Gram-negative bacteria and five Gram-positive bacteria. Nine classes of hetero-chitosan oligosaccharides consisted of partially deacetylated chitosans; 90％, 75％, and 50％ deacetylated chitosans. Based on molecular weight, they were prepared using an ultrafiltration membrane reactor system. Seventy-five percent deacetylated chitosan showed the highest antimicrobial acitivity as compared with the 90％ and 50％ deacetylated chitosan, and the activity was dependent on their molecular weights. It was apparent that the growth of Gram-negative bacteria is less inhibited in the presence of the heterochitosans and their oligosaccharides than Gram-positive bacteria. These results revealed that the antimicrobial effects of hetero-chitosans and their oligosaccharides depend on the degree of deacetylation, and their molecular weights.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.700-706
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• 1994

Lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation were tested for inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria. The Lactobacillus brevis (KCCM 35464) was found to produce a antimicrobial substance. It showed relatively wide range of inhibition spectrum against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and maintained the inhibitory activity between pH 4.0 and pH 9.0. The antimicrobial substance was obtained in the stationary growth phase and was purified by gel chromatography. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial substance on sensitive bacterial strains was determined by filter paper test. The activity of antimicrobial substa- nce was stable at 75$\circ$C. On the basis of its electrophoretic pattern is SDS-PAGE, antimicrobial substance appeared as a single band of 59 KDalton.