• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2010

흡연은 음주와 더불어 치과질환을 유발하는 원인인자로 알려져 있으나, 흡연자와 비흡연자간의 구강 내 분포하는 미생물을 조사한 연구는 현재 매우 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 흡연자 30명, 비흡연자 30명으로 나누어 구강 내 분포하는 세균을 분리하고 혈액한천배지에서 배양하였다. 분리된 병원성 세균은 Kirby-Bauer 항생제 감수성 검사 방법으로 항생제에 대한 감수성 및 내성을 검사하였다. 각각의 콜로니는 그람 염색을 하였고 자동 동정기인 VITEK을 이용하여 동정하였다. 그람 염색법을 이용한 결과 흡연자의 구강에서는 총 41개 균주가 분리되었고, 그 중 그람 양성 구균 63%, 그람 음성 구균 29%, 그람 양성 간균 3%, 그람 음성 간균 5%가 나타났고, 비흡연자의 구강에서는 총 38개 균주가 분리되었고 그 중 그람 양성 구균 55%, 그람 음성 구균 26%, 그람 양성 간균 3%, 그람 음성 간균 16%가 나타났다. VITEK system을 이용하여 세균의 특이적 분포를 조사한 결과 흡연자의 구강에서는 Streptococcus mutans (6/41), Gemella morillorum (6/41), Streptococcus oralis (2/41), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1/41), Staphylococcus aureus (3/41), Streptococcus anginosus (1/41), Streptococcus intermedius (1/41), Streptococcus uberis (1/41), and Streptococcus sanguinis (1/41) 반면 비흡연자의 구강에서는 Streptococcus sanguinis (8/38), Staphylococcus aureus (1/38), Staphylococcus auricularis (1/38), Streptococcus uberis (1/38), Streptococcus intermedius (1/38), Streptococcus mutans (1/38), and Streptococcus oralis (1/38)로 나타났다. 3명의 흡연자에서 분리된 S. aureus는 Beta-lactamase를 분비하는 MRSA로 동정된 반면 비흡연자 한 명에서 분리된 S. aureus는 Beta-lactamase를 분비하지 않고 methicilin에 감수성을 보였다. 흡연자와 비흡연자의 상재균은 다른 분포를 보였고 특히 G. morillorum와 MRSA가 흡연자의 구강에서 흔히 발견됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 흡연자의 구강질환을 예방 및 치료에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2004

Gram-positive antagonistic bacilli were isolated from agricultural soils for possible use in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and/or Pythium ultimum. Among the 65 antagonistic Gram-positive soil isolates, 22 strains were identified as Bacillus species by 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Four strains, including DF14, especially exhibited multiple antagonistic properties against the three damping-off fungi. Genotypic properties of the Bacillus isolates were characterized by rapid molecular fingerprinting methods using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR), ribosomal intergenic spacer-length polymorphisms (RIS-LP), 16S rDNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP), and strain-specific PCR assays. The results indicated that the REP-PCR method was more valuable than the RIS-LP and 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP analyses as a rapid and reliable approach for bacilli typing and identification. The use of strain-specific primers designed based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons enabled it to be possible to selectively detect a strain, DF14, which is being used as a biocontrol agent against damping-off fungi.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.383-394
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• 1997

This study was done to examine adherence of oral bacteria to titanium dental implant and to know the effective prophylactic antibiotics using an in vivo model. Three samples each of the implant material were set in an acrylic resin flange and placed in the maxillary buccal sulcus of twenty volunteers. At 6- and 54-hour intervals, each sample was placed on blood agar plate (BAP) and chocolate agar, and then they were incubated and identified. Also antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. The results obtained mere as follows ; 1. The microorganisms were chain-like Gram positive cocci and staphyline Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli in order of frequency were found at 6-hour and 54-hour samples by Gram staining. 2. Streptococci was found predominantly at both 6-hour and 54-hour samples, but number of streptococci was decreased as compared to 6-hour samples. 3. There was no difference in the bacterial species adherent to implant between 6-hour and 54-hour samples. 4. All the microbes were sensitive to AMC (amoxacillin clavulanic acid), chloramphenicol, quinolone and vancomycin in the antibiotic susceptibility test. Above results suggest that streptococcus are mainly adhered to titanium implant after implant was placed in the oral cavity and AMC is the most recommendable antibiotics to prevent the peri-implant inflammation.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2009

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum was usually isolated from respiratory infection. Occasionally, the cases were reported to cause pharyngotonsillitis, cellutitis, and abscess. A. haemolyticum is V form gram-positive bacilli (coryneform bacilli), which isoften considered to be non-pathogenic normal flora or contaminants in respiratory, skin and wound infection. In order to discriminate from normal flora, incubation for at least 48 hours is recommended. We describe a case that A. haemolyticum was isolated from cellulitis with group G ${\beta}$-hemolytic Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, and Prevotella disiens.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A measurement of indoor microorganism using Reuter Centrifugal Air Sampler(RCS) was undertaken during October 1991 - February 1999 and 6-Stage Cascade Air Sampler was undertaken during May 2001 - June 2001 in Seoul. Sites including book store, department store, theater, subway station, underground shopping center, hospital, office building, sports facility, and eduationa institutio were chosen to measure indoor microorganism. The results were as follows: 1. The average of total microorganism collected on the agar strip GK-A media were, in the order, subway station, hospital, underground shopping center, department store, book store, theater, sports facility, educational institution, office building in sites. The highest concentration of 711cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 44cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 2. The average of staphylococci collected on the agar strip GK-S media, in the order, were subway station, underground shopping center, hospital and department store, department store, theater, office building, sports facility and educational institution in sites. The highest concentration of 502cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 14cfu/m$^3$ was found in sports facility and educational institution. 3. The average of fungus collected on the agar strip GK-HS media, in the order, were underground hospital, shopping center, theater, subway station, department store, book store, sports facility, educational institution, and office building in sites. The highest concentration of 252cfu/m$^3$ was found in the hospital and the lowest concentration of 32cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 4. Ratio of Indoor/Outdoor, determined by site was 1.12-2.38 in total count, 1.00-2.35 in staphylococci, and 0.99-1.34 in fungus. 5. The positive results of test were 12-24% in indoor and 9-43% in outdoor. 6. By gram staining gram positive cocci were 59.9%, gram positive bacill 24.4%, gram negative bacilli 10.4%, and gram negative cocci 0.5%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1974

23종(種)의 대표적(代表約)인 세균(細菌)에 대(對)하여 glucosamine 함량(含量)을 측정(測定)하여 당지질(糖脂質)의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하고 당지질(糖脂質)의 함량(含量)과 Gram염색(染色)과의 상관관계(相關關係)를 규명(究明)한바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Gram음성균(陰性菌) 및 varieable균(菌)은 그 균체(菌體) 당지질중(糖脂質中) glucosamine함량(含量)이 최소(最少) Proteus vulgaris의 $0.04{\mu}g$에서 부터 최고(最高) Aerobacter aerogenes 의 $2.48{\mu}g$의 범위(範圍)로 분포(分布)되여 있었다. Gram positive균(菌) 및 Bacillus속중(屬中)의 Gram양성균(陽性菌)은 전부(全部) $0.02{\mu}g$ 이하(以下)의 함량(含量)을 갖고 있었다. Gram양성(湯性)인 Corynebacterium sepedonicum 및 Staphylococcus aureaus는 특(特)히 glucosamine함량(含量)이 최소(最少)였다. 이들보다 Gram음성균(陰性菌)은 양성균(湯性菌)과 명확(明確)히 구별(區別)할 수 있을만큼 glucosamine함량(含量)이 많았다. 2. Gram염색(染色)은 당지질(糖脂質) 추출전(抽出前)보다 추출후(抽出後)가 염색(染色)이 더 잘되는 경향(傾向)이였다. 3. Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas fluorescens 및 Salmonella typhirurium의 4균주(菌株)에서 얻은 당지질(糖脂質)의 적외선(赤外線) spectra는 대체(大體)로 같았으며 다 OH-group C-O, C-O-C, $CH_2+CH_3$, amide 결합(結合), 지방산(脂肪酸) ester 결합(結合), ester carbonyl 결합(結合)의 존재(存在)를 확인(確認)하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2000

Drug delivery system(DDS) have been actively studied for the past twenty years. Dual action agents are unique chemical entities comprised of two different types of antibacterial compounds covalently linked together in a single molecule in such a way that both components are able to exert their bactericidal properties. In spite of the advent of the antibacterial agent the sulfa agents are the most widely used antibacterial agent today. In this study, new antibacterials derivative was synthesized using glutaraldehyde such as crosslinking agent for the purpose of dual-action as DDS study. Antibacterial activity of these new synthetic derivative between their structures and activities were examined by disc diffusion method. As a result, new synthetic derivative exhibited the broad antibacterial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacilli. Especially, the antibacterial effect of new synthetic derivative against Gram negative(Esherichia. coli) was much stronger than that against Gram positive.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.211-213
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• 1990

To test flavonoids for antibacterial activity against oral micraorganisms, flavonoids, quercetrin and naringenin, were incorporated into two pharmaceutical preparations in the form of tooth paste. Samplees of dental plaque, the msot accused dental deposit which initiates the gingival and periodental diseases, were collected from the teeth surface of ten dental students at one week interval before and after using placebo, followed by two formulae of tooth paste containing 0.1% of quercetrin and naringenin (formulas I and II, respectively). The amount of dental plaque was assessed by the quigley and Hens index. Then plaque samples were subjected to bacteriological examination of Gram stain and plate counts of microorganisms. The amount of dental plaque was assessed by the Quigley and Hens index. Then plaque samples were subjected to bacteriological examination of Gram stain and plate counts of microorganisms. The results revealed that most of Gram negative cocci and bacilli were highly affected by the two formulae : the number of actinomycetes were decreased after using formula I and disappeared completely by the sue of formula II, while the number of Gram positive streptococci was highly decreased after the treatment with the two formulae. These results indicate a possible use of flavonoids to inhibit dental plaque formation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 1980

Open heart surgery patients have additional risks arising from the special nature of the operative procedure. And postoperative infections in patients with extracorporeal circulation are associated with high incidence of serious sequelae. To investigate the incidence and organisms of contamination, and the relation between the duration of extracorporeal circulation and contamination, following study was done. Eighty-four of the open heart surgery patients were examined with cultures from the blood and priming solution before and after bypass. 1. Cultures before bypass were sterile, but 2 cases of cultures from the blood and priming solution after bypass were positive, and culture positive group was 5% of all patients. 2. The organisms were Gram-negative, aerobic coliform bacilli; 3. The culture positive group had significantly longer bypass time.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2000

Three major hospitals with over 500 beds located in and near Seoul were surveyed for airbone microorganisms from February 1, 1998 to February 18, 1998. The purpose of the study was to identify and quantify microbiological organisms circulating in the air of three different areas in the hospitals. For the study, a RCS air sampler was utilized equipped with two different collection media, the agar strip GK-A for bacteria and the agar strip HS for fungi. The areas investigated were the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Department of internal medicine, the Newborns room in the Department of Obstetrics, and the microbiology laboratory. The results were as follows; 1. The average numbers of general microbiological particles collected on the agar strip GK-A media were $205CFU/m^3$, $232CFU/m^3$, and $128CFU/m^3$ in each hospitals. The highest concentration of $387CFU/m^3$ was found in the ICU of A hospital at 15:00 during the day. Further analysis of the collected bioaerosols by gram staining, revealed that there were gram positive cocci (89.5%), gram positive bacilli (7.2%), gram negative bacilli (2.8%), and fungi (0.5%), in descending order of frequency. 2. Ten different genes were identified from the agar strip GK-A. The most frequently identified organisms were: the Coagulase negative staphylococcus (55.0%), Micrococcus (21.4%), Enterococcus species(10.4%), and Bacillus species (7.2%). A series of antibiotics susceptibility test were conducted against the aforementioned four(4) organisms. Ninety percent of coagulase negative stapylococcus were sensitive to Penicillins. Pathogenic microbes isolated include: Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. 3 Although 56.8% of the microorganisms grown on the strip HS media for fungi could not be identified, some of them were successfully identified. The most frequently found fungi were Aspergillus (35.3%), Yeast or Molds (6.2%), and Penicillium (0.7%). Based on the results obtained from the study, it was concluded that some areas in the hospitals had abnormally high bioaerosol concentrations which could be attributed to human activity. Therefore, it is recommended that periodic assessments of indoor bioaerosols aiming to identify the possible sources should be conducted in order to maintain clean indoor environment in the hospitals.